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Yang Y, Zhou T, Cheng M, Xie M, Shi N, Liu T, Huang Z, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Liu Z, Li B. Recent advances in organic waste pyrolysis and gasification in a CO 2 environment to value-added products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120666. [PMID: 38490005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The persistent combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a widespread greenhouse effect attributable to the continual elevation of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere. Recent research indicates that utilizing CO2 as a pyrolysis gasification medium diminishes CO2 emissions and concurrently augments the value of the resultant pyrolysis gasification products. This paper reviews recent advancements in the pyrolysis gasification of organic solid wastes under a CO2 atmosphere. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of CO2 influence in the pyrolysis and gasification processes were also discussed. In comparison to noble gases, CO2 exhibits reactivity with char at≥710 °C, resulting in additional mass loss of the sample. In addition, CO2 was able to increase the specific surface area and stability of biochar and reduce biooil toxicity by lowering the content of cyclic compounds in the biooil, while CO2 was able to react with GPRs with some volatile products (e.g., light hydrocarbons) to increase biogas yield. Finally, CO2 also prevents catalyst deactivation by reducing secondary coke formation. We also recommend directing future attention toward utilizing unpurified CO2 in pyrolysis and gasification. This review aims to expand the utilization of CO2 and advocate for applying pyrolysis gasification products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Mingqian Cheng
- Yunnan Land Resources Vocational College, Kunming 652501, China.
| | - Ming Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Nan Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zechun Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zewei Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Godlewska P, Kończak M, Oleszczuk P. Effect of carrier gas change during sewage sludge or sewage sludge and willow pyrolysis on ecotoxicity of biochar-amended soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114224. [PMID: 36332403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different pyrolysis conditions determine the properties of the biochar. The properties of biochar may affect directly or indirectly their influence on living organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of biochar obtained under different conditions (temperature: 500 or 700 °C, carrier gas: N2 or CO2, feedstock: sewage sludge or sewage sludge/biomass mixture) after adding to the soil in long-term pot experiment (180 days). Biochars were added to the podzolic loamy sand at a 2% (w/w) dose. Samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 30, 90 and 180 days. The bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri (luminescence inhibition - Microtox), the plant Lepidium sativum (root growth and germination inhibition test - Phytotoxkit F), and the invertebrate Folsomia candida (mortality and reproduction inhibition test - Collembolan test) were used as the test organisms. In the long-term perspective for most tests, changing the carrier gas from N2 to CO2 resulted in reduced toxicity of the biochar. A particularly beneficial effect of changing the gas to CO2 was observed for the solid-phase test with L. sativum. The CO2 during pyrolysis had the least beneficial effect on toxicity towards A. fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kończak
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2 cd Kraśnicka, Ave., 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Godlewska P, Oleszczuk P. Effect of carrier gas during pyrolysis on the persistence and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar-amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120145. [PMID: 36096265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study the persistence (based on extractable, Ctot) and bioavailability (based on freely dissolved content, Cfree) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar-amended soil was investigated. Biochar produced at 500 or 700 °C from sewage sludge (BC) or sewage sludge and willow (W) mixture (BCW) in an atmosphere of nitrogen (N2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) was evaluated. The biochars were applied to the real soil (podzolic loamy sand) at a dose of 2% (w/w). The content of Ctot and Cfree PAHs was monitored for 180 days. The biochar production conditions determined the Ctot and Cfree PAHs in the soil. A change of carrier gas from N2 to CO2 caused an increase in Ctot PAH losses in the soil from 19 to 75% for the biochar produced from SL and from 49 to 206% for the co-pyrolyzed biochar. As regards Cfree PAHs, the change from N2 to CO2 increased the losses of Cfree PAHs only for the biochar derived from SL at a temperature of 500 °C (by 21%). In the soil with the other biochars (produced at 700 °C from SL as well as at 500 and 700 °C from SL/W), the Cfree increased from 17 to 26% compared to the same biochars produced in an atmosphere of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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Zhou S, Li P, Pan H, Zhang Y. Improvement of Aromatics Selectivity from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low-Density Polyethylene with Metal-Modified HZSM-5 in a CO 2 Atmosphere. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Helin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Yang YY, Dong CD. Suppression of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation during pyrolytic production of lignin-based biochar via nitrogen and boron co-doping. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127246. [PMID: 35490956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic byproducts of biochar production. The effects of pyrolysis atmosphere (i.e., N2 and CO2) and temperature (i.e., 300-900 °C) and element doping (i.e., N, B, O, and S) on the production of sixteen high priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lignin-based biochar was investigated. N2 atmosphere at 300 °C produced the highest total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (1698 ± 50 ng/g). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation decreased with increase in temperature (31 ± 15 ng/g at 900 °C). CO2 atmosphere significantly decreased yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The effects of heteroatom doping on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation were investigated for the first time in the pyrolysis synthesis of lignin-based biochar. N-, B-, O, N-B-, and N-S-doping of biochar reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation by 90, 85, 87, 97, and 89%, respectively. Results bring new insights into the role of heteroatom-doping and pyrolysis conditions in controlling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Yan-Yi Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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A Mini Review on Pyrolysis of Natural Algae for Bio-Fuel and Chemicals. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposal and use of natural algae have recently been the subject of great interest, due to increasing concern for environmental protection and resource utilization. In this paper, a mini review of recent research on the pyrolysis of natural algae, especially the algae from water blooms, is presented. The chemical compositions of the natural algae are summarized, and the pyrolysis properties of different compositions are reviewed. Non-catalytic, catalytic, and integrated catalytic processes are reviewed. Different ideas and methods for the production of bio-fuel or chemicals are discussed. Apparently, deoxygenation and denitrogenation are highly necessary for algae-based bio-fuel and catalysts play an important role in these processes. In addition, the integrated catalytic process, which involves catalysis and other operation conditions aside from the thermal treatment under inert atmosphere, shows potential for the valorization of algae-based bio-oil. Based on the recent concept and progress, the research gaps are discussed, followed by the challenges and proposals to achieve high-value utilization of the natural algae.
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Parvez AM, Afzal MT, Victor Hebb TG, Schmid M. Utilization of CO2 in thermochemical conversion of biomass for enhanced product properties: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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