1
|
Zhou M, Han Y, Zhuo Y, Yu F, Hu G, Peng D. Effect of initial ammonium concentration on a one-stage partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system: Nitrogen removal performance and the microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:176-188. [PMID: 38644015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
One-stage partial nitrification coupled with anammox (PN/A) technology effectively reduces the energy consumption of a biological nitrogen removal system. Inhibiting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is essential for this technology to maintain efficient nitrogen removal performance. Initial ammonium concentration (IAC) affects the degree of inhibited NOB. In this study, the effect of the IAC on a PN/A biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor. The results showed that nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 82.49% ± 1.90% to 64.57% ± 3.96% after the IAC was reduced from 60 to 20 mg N/L, while the nitrate production ratio increased from 13.87% ± 0.90% to 26.50% ± 3.76%. NOB activity increased to 1,133.86 mg N/m2/day after the IAC decreased, approximately 4-fold, indicating that the IAC plays an important inhibitory role in NOB. The rate-limiting step in the mature biofilm of the PN/A system is the nitritation process and is not shifted by the IAC. The analysis of the microbial community structure in the biofilm indicates that the IAC was the dominant factor in changes in community structure. Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the main anammox bacteria, and Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main AOB and NOB, respectively. IAC did not affect the difference in growth between Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia. Thus, modulating the IAC promoted the PN/A process with efficient nitrogen removal performance at medium to low ammonium concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yun Han
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yang Zhuo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fen Yu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Gaoyuan Hu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dangcong Peng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Behrendt F, Deng Y, Pretzel D, Stumpf S, Fritz N, Gottschaldt M, Pohnert G, Schubert US. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate decorated cryogels as synthetic spatially structured habitats of marine bacterial communities. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 36928054 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In microbial consortia bacteria often settle on other organisms that provide nutrients and organic material for their growth. This is true for the plankton where microalgae perform photosynthesis and exude metabolites that feed associated bacteria. The investigation of such processes is difficult since algae provide bacteria with a spatially structured environment with a gradient of released organic material that is hard to mimic. Here we introduce the design and synthesis of a cryogel-based microstructured habitat for bacteria that provides dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) as a carbon and sulfur source for growth. DMSP, a widely distributed metabolite released by algae, is thereby made available for bacteria in a biomimetic manner. Based on a novel DMSP derived building block (DMSP-HEMA), we synthesized cryogels providing structured surfaces for settlement and delivering the organic material fueling bacterial growth. By monitoring bacterial settlement and performance we show that the cryogels represent microbial arenas mimicking the ecological situation in the plankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Behrendt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yun Deng
- Bioorganic Analytics, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Stumpf
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Fritz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Bioorganic Analytics, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin W, Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Qin Y. Fe(Ⅱ) improving sulfurized Anammox coupled with autotrophic denitrification performance: Based on interspecies and intracellular electron transfer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128051. [PMID: 36191753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient nitrite supply and slow metabolism of Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) impeded the application of Anammox process in low level ammonia (LLA) (≤50 mg/L) wastewater. At the initial concentration of 50 mg/L NH4+-N and 75 mg/L NO3--N, Fe(Ⅱ) (10 mg/L) promoted the total nitrogen removal efficiency from 80.79 to 94.92 % by core-shell sulfurized AnAOB coupled with sulfur oxidizing bacteria (S0@AnAOB + SOB). AnAOB outcompeted SOB for nitrite, because the addition of Fe(Ⅱ) not only increased the nitrate reductase activity (37.54 %), but also enhanced the metabolism and electron capture ability of AnAOB, which was highly related with energy metabolic process: hydrazine dehydrogenase activity increased to 139.00 %. Particularly, Fe(Ⅱ) accelerated the interspecies electron transfer (INET) (from SOB to AnAOB) by stimulating the secretion of redox species and electron hopping in EPS. This study shed light on the mechanism of Fe(Ⅱ) promoting electron transfer in S0@AnAOB + SOB system, and provided basis for engineering practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Yexia Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vilela P, Safder U, Heo S, Nguyen HT, Lim JY, Nam K, Oh TS, Yoo C. Dynamic calibration of process-wide partial-nitritation modeling with airlift granular for nitrogen removal in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135411. [PMID: 35738404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A main challenge in rapid nitrogen removal from rejected water in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is growth of biomass by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In this study, partial nitritation (PN) coupled with air-lift granular unit (AGU) technology was applied to enhance nitrogen-removal efficiency in WWTPs. For successful PN process at high-nitrogen-influent conditions, a pH of 7.5-8 for high free-ammonia concentrations and AOB for growth of total bacterial populations are required. The PN process in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) with AGU was modeled as an activated sludge model (ASM), and dynamic calibration using full-scale plant data was performed to enhance aeration in the reactor and improve the nitrite-to-ammonia ratio in the PN effluent. In steady-state and dynamic calibrations, the measured and modeled values of the output were in close agreement. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters are associated with growth and decay of heterotrophs, AOB, and NOB microorganisms. Overall, 80% of the calibrated data fit the measured data. Stage 1 of the dynamic calibration showed NO2 and NO3 values close to 240 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. Stage 2 showed NH4 values of 200 mg/L at day 30 with the calibrated effluent NO2 and NO3 value of 250 mg/L. In stage 3, effluent NH4 concentration was 200 mg/L at day 60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vilela
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea; ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica Del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de La Tierra, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Usman Safder
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - SungKu Heo
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Hai-Tra Nguyen
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Juin Yau Lim
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - KiJeon Nam
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Oh
- BKT Co. Ltd., 25 Yuseong-daero 1184beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34109, South Korea
| | - ChangKyoo Yoo
- Integrated Engineering, Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Liang J, Ning D, Zhang T, Wang M. A review of biomass immobilization in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems: Advances, issues, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152792. [PMID: 35033568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two biomass immobilization techniques; entrapment and carrier-based, attract increasing attention in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances, outstanding issues, and future research directions in this field. The application of both entrapment and carrier-based biofilm immobilization for reactor start up, improving the nitrogen removal performance, and protecting autotrophic bacteria from environmental fluctuations in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems are summarized and discussed. The key characteristics of carriers for biomass immobilization are biocompatibility for supporting microbial growth, permeability for effective mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability for long-term use. Carriers without these characteristics must be improved and re-evaluated for their feasibility in applications. Lab-scale, pilot, and full-scale studies are needed to overcome the potential obstacles of preliminary studies, and to investigate the long-term performance of biomass immobilization techniques, especially using real wastewater as influent, which may introduce more complexity and threaten the carrier's immobilization. In addition, calculating the 'nitrogen removal rate normalized by the packing ratio of carriers (NRR-C)' in the immobilization system is strongly suggested to obtain a direct comparison of immobilization performance/limitations from different studies. This review will improve understanding of the major challenges of immobilization technology in anammox and PN/A systems and provide insights into the next-stage of research and full-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dingying Ning
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tengge Zhang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Li B, Zhao K, Kou X, Wu S, Shao T. Simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, and denitrification process for the treatment of simulated municipal sewage in a single-stage biofilter reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131974. [PMID: 34455126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a feasible scheme for the treatment of municipal sewage through simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process, which was realized in a single-stage biofilter reactor (BFR). First, the BFR was started up to enrich the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in the upper part of the reactor through the operation mode of the top influent and bottom effluent. Then, the BFR was inoculated with activated sludge and aerated continuously at the bottom to realize the coupling of SNAD, which was accompanied by a two-point influent from the bottom and top effluent. Results indicated that the high removal efficiency of NH4+-N (93.40%), total nitrogen (TN, 89.95%), and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD, 92.68%) were achieved with an air-water ratio of 4.29 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. During the SNAD steady phase for the treatment of simulated municipal sewage with a soluble chemical organic demand to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 2.31, low concentrations of NH4+-N (4.13 mg/L), TN (6.44 mg/L), and SCOD (11.29 mg/L) were attained in the effluent. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas, Candidatus Brocadia, and Denitratisoma were 0.77%, 0.43%, and 4.07% in the biofilm at the 0-12.5 cm zone, respectively, suggesting successful implementation of the SNAD process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Binjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Shizhang Wu
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Tian Shao
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weralupitiya C, Wanigatunge R, Joseph S, Athapattu BCL, Lee TH, Kumar Biswas J, Ginige MP, Shiung Lam S, Senthil Kumar P, Vithanage M. Anammox bacteria in treating ammonium rich wastewater: Recent perspective and appraisal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125240. [PMID: 33964811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of anammox process has provided eco-friendly and low-cost means of treating ammonia rich wastewater with remarkable efficiency. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the possibility of operating the anammox process under low temperatures and high organic matter contents broadening the application of the anammox process. However, short doubling time and extensive levels of sensitivity towards nutrients and environmental alterations such as salinity and temperature are the limitations in practical applications of the anammox process. This review article provides the recent yet comprehensive viewpoint on anammox bacteria and the key perspectives in applying them as an efficient strategy for wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanusha Weralupitiya
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasika Wanigatunge
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarangi Joseph
- Department of Civil Engineering, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies, and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu X, Wang Y, Wang W, Li J, Li B, Huang X. Characteristics of rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR) for low nitrogen wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124066. [PMID: 32919287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an important approach for rapid treatment of low nitrogen wastewater through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which was realized in a rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR). The operation mode of continuous upward flow and gradually shortened hydraulic retention time (HRT) accumulated anammox bacteria effectively in RBAR, where carmine anammox granular sludge and thick biofilm were co-existed, leading the biomass concentration and the specific anammox activity to reach 21.61 gSS/L and 0.82 gN/gVSS·d in the main functional zone. Moreover, the relative abundance of anammox bacteria in the whole reactor was more than 50%, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the biofilm of 20-47 cm zone reached 71.10%. Results showed that the removal rate and effluent concentration of total nitrogen remained stable at 86.24% and 14.20 mg/L (below 15 mg/L) averagely, under HRT of 32 min when the the nitrogen loading rate was 4.86 kgN/m3·d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Binjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baimenov AZ, Berillo DA, Moustakas K, Inglezakis VJ. Efficient removal of mercury (II) from water by use of cryogels and comparison to commercial adsorbents under environmentally relevant conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123056. [PMID: 32526429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic element, which can be found in air, water and soil in several inorganic and organic forms. Mercury pollution comes from a variety of industrial sources, including vinyl-chloride, pulp and paper, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals industry, gold mining and cement production. Gels have increasingly attracted the interest over the past decades and one of the investigated applications is the fast removal of organic substances, metals and other cations and anions from water. In this work, two types of cryogels were synthesized at sub-zero temperature by free-radical polymerization technique, characterized by using a set of complimentary methods and used for the removal of mercury from aqueous solutions of different chemistry. Kinetics and equilibrium studies were performed in ultra-pure water solutions in order to study the mechanisms in the presence nitrate and chloride ions. The cryogels exhibited excellent efficiency towards mercury removal from all model solutions. Moreover, the cryogels were tested in different water matrixes (tap, river and sea water) and compared to commercial adsorbents (activated carbon, strong acid resin and zeolite Y). Cryogels were able to remove mercury much faster than commercial adsorbents with the exception of seawater where activated carbon was superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zh Baimenov
- Environmental Science and Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - D A Berillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V J Inglezakis
- Environmental Science and Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mutual Interaction between Temperature and DO Set Point on AOB and NOB Activity during Shortcut Nitrification in a Sequencing Batch Reactor in Terms of Energy Consumption Optimization. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have had to deal with serious problems related to the restrictive requirements regarding the effluent quality, as well as significant energy consumption associated with it. In this situation, mainstream deammonification and/or shortened nitrification-denitrification via nitrite (so-called “nitrite shunt”) is a new promising strategy. This study shows the mechanisms and operating conditions (e.g., dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, temp.), leading to the complete domination of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) over nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under aerobic conditions. Its successful application as shortcut nitrification in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology will represent a paradigm shift for the wastewater industry, offering the opportunity for efficient wastewater treatment, energy-neutral or even energy-positive facilities, and substantial reductions in treatment costs. In this study, under low and moderate temperatures (10–16 °C), averaged DO concentrations (0.7 mg O2/L) were preferable to ensure beneficial AOB activity over NOB, by maintaining reasonable energy consumption. Elevated temperatures (~30 °C), as well as increased DO concentration, were recognized as beneficial for the NOB activity stimulation, thus under such conditions, the DO limitation seems to be a more prospective approach.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Q, Chen X, Zhang Z, Luo W, Wu H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhao T. Performance and microbial ecology of a novel moving bed biofilm reactor process inoculated with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria for high ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123813. [PMID: 32702578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To overcome long start-up time, poor ammonia tolerance and removal performance of traditional moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) inoculated with activated sludge for high-ammonia wastewater treatment, a novel MBBR based on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) was proposed. Start-up of MBBR was firstly performed via inoculated with HN-AD bacteria. Start-up time was shortened from 39 d to 15 d, NH4+ tolerance was enhanced from 200 mg/L to 1000 mg/L, and TN removal was increased from 30.4% to 80.7%. The carrier types and NH4+ concentration had significant effects on nitrogen removal and microbial ecology. When the NH4+ concentration was increased to 900 mg/L in MBBR using polyvinyl alcohol gel as carrier, the TN removal, the abundance of HN-AD bacteria Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Paracoccus, which played a key role in TN removal and ammonia tolerance, and the abundance of genes related to nitrogen removal were much higher than those of MBBR using kaldness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Wandong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Heng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Landreau M, Byson SJ, You H, Stahl DA, Winkler MKH. Effective nitrogen removal from ammonium-depleted wastewater by partial nitritation and anammox immobilized in granular and thin layer gel carriers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116078. [PMID: 32623243 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of physicochemical conditions on the partial nitritation and anammox treatment by immobilized ammonia oxidizers under ammonium-deplete conditions. The impact of oxygen and temperature was studied by measuring the activity of immobilized aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing organisms (Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), and Anammox bacteria) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol - sodium alginate (PVA-SA) beads and in thin layer poly-ethylene glycol hydrogels. Beads and flat hydrogels were incubated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and in two flow cells, respectively. Both systems were fed with synthetic wastewater (15 mg N-NH4+/L) at different temperatures (20 °C and/or 30 °C) and different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and/or 1 mg/L) over 152 and 207 days, respectively. The FBR system had a maximum removal rate of 1.7 g-N/m3/d at 0.1 mg O2/L, corresponding to 80% removal efficiency, while a high aerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity but a partial oxygen inhibition of Anammox bacteria were observed at higher DO concentrations. In both flow cells, nitrogen removal efficiency was highest (80%) at 30 °C and 1 mg O2/L while removal was less favorable at lower DO and lower temperature. Our results indicate a potential use of hydrogel beads for an energy efficient technology with reduced aeration demand for treating low ammonia wastewater, while layered hydrogels are a possible first step for biological treatments of wastewater using tangential flow. In addition, we provide blueprint drawings of the flow cells, which may be used to 3D-print the apparatus for other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Landreau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA.
| | - Samuel J Byson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - HeeJun You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Mari K H Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| |
Collapse
|