1
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Chan SWS, Marami H, Tayo LL, Fog E, Andrade TA, Ambye-Jensen M, Birkved M, Khoshnevisan B. Environmental impacts of a novel biorefinery platform integrated with power-to-protein technology to decrease dependencies on soybean imports. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167943. [PMID: 37863219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The consistent population growth is directly tied to the annual rise in livestock production, placing a substantial burden on the crop sector that supplies animal feed. The Danish government has been relying on importing soybeans and soybean meal to be used as animal feed. However, this sparked environmental concerns that require more environmentally friendly solutions, such as self-sufficiency in animal feed production. The rise of green biorefineries allows new avenues of animal proteinaceous feed production using green biomass to produce leaf protein concentrate (LPC) and utilize side-stream products, such as brown juice and press cake, for feed-quality products. This study evaluated the combination of grass-clover biorefinery and the power-to-X concept, including power-to-protein technology, for its environmental sustainability through a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA). The production of protein concentrate from organic grass clover exhibits optimal environmental performance when press cake and brown juice are used for bioenergy recovery. The findings indicate that combining a green biorefinery with power-to-protein to fully valorize the carbon and nitrogen content of brown juice and press cake into feed-grade protein can increase the environmental benefits. Such an integration resulted in an avoided impact of -995.9 kg CO2-eq/tonne of protein concentrate. The avoided impacts of climate change could be higher within the first 20 years due to a higher carbon sequestration rate. However, even after 20 years when a new carbon balance in the soil is reached, the environmental gain could be big enough to encourage the production and use of organic grass-clover protein concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shealtiel William S Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Hadis Marami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapua University, Makati 1200, Philippines.
| | - Erik Fog
- Innovation Centre for Organic Farming, ICOEL, Denmark
| | - Thalles A Andrade
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Viborg, Denmark; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Ambye-Jensen
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Viborg, Denmark; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Birkved
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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2
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Teh BS, Hii YS, Hinks J, Abdul-Wahab MF, Swarup S. Complete genome sequence of Methylomonas sp. UP202 isolated from an urban waterway sediment. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0063323. [PMID: 37982654 PMCID: PMC10720544 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00633-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Methylomonas sp. UP202 isolated from an urban waterway sediment in Singapore. The genome contains genes involved in methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and formate oxidation. It also contains genes utilizing various nitrogen sources such as nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, urea, and ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng-Soon Teh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiik-Siang Hii
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Goraj W, Pytlak A, Grządziel J, Gałązka A, Stępniewska Z, Szafranek-Nakonieczna A. Dynamics of Methane-Consuming Biomes from Wieliczka Formation: Environmental and Enrichment Studies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1420. [PMID: 37998019 PMCID: PMC10669130 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The rocks surrounding Wieliczka salt deposits are an extreme, deep subsurface ecosystem that as we studied previously harbors many microorganisms, including methanotrophs. In the presented research bacterial community structure of the Wieliczka Salt Mine was determined as well as the methanotrophic activity of the natural microbiome. Finally, an enrichment culture of methane-consuming methanotrophs was obtained. The research material used in this study consisted of rocks surrounding salt deposits in the Wieliczka Salt Mine. DNA was extracted directly from the pristine rock material, as well as from rocks incubated in an atmosphere containing methane and mineral medium, and from a methanotrophic enrichment culture from this ecosystem. As a result, the study describes the composition of the microbiome in the rocks surrounding the salt deposits, while also explaining how biodiversity changes during the enrichment culture of the methanotrophic bacterial community. The contribution of methanotrophic bacteria ranged from 2.614% in the environmental sample to 64.696% in the bacterial culture. The methanotrophic enrichment culture was predominantly composed of methanotrophs from the genera Methylomonas (48.848%) and Methylomicrobium (15.636%) with methane oxidation rates from 3.353 ± 0.105 to 4.200 ± 0.505 µmol CH4 mL-1 day-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Goraj
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Str. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Pytlak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Grządziel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Zofia Stępniewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Str. Konstantynów 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Sharma P, Parakh SK, Tsui TH, Bano A, Singh SP, Singh VP, Lam SS, Nadda AK, Tong YW. Synergetic anaerobic digestion of food waste for enhanced production of biogas and value-added products: strategies, challenges, and techno-economic analysis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37643972 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2241112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The generation of food waste (FW) is increasing at an alarming rate, contributing to a total of 32% of all the waste produced globally. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective method for dealing with organic wastes of various compositions, like FW. Waste valorization into value-added products has increased due to the conversion of FW into biogas using AD technology. A variety of pathways are adopted by microbes to avoid unfavorable conditions in AD, including competition between sulfate-reducing bacteria and methane (CH4)-forming bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria decompose organic matter to produce biogas, a digester gas. The composition depends on the type of raw material and the method by which the digestion process is conducted. Studies have shown that the biogas produced by AD contains 65-75% CH4 and 35-45% carbon dioxide (CO2). Methanothrix soehngenii and Methanosaeta concilii are examples of species that convert acetate to CH4 and CO2. Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus are examples of species that produce CH4 from hydrogen and CO2. Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobrevibacter smithii, and Methanococcus voltae are examples of species that consume formate, hydrogen, and CO2 and produce CH4. The popularity of AD has increased for the development of biorefinery because it is seen as a more environmentally acceptable alternative in comparison to physico-chemical techniques for resource and energy recovery. The review examines the possibility of using accessible FW to produce important value-added products such as organic acids (acetate/butyrate), biopolymers, and other essential value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Sheetal Kishor Parakh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - To Hung Tsui
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Ambreen Bano
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction, and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, C.M.P. Degree College, a Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Mortensen AT, Goonesekera EM, Dechesne A, Elad T, Tang K, Andersen HR, Smets BF, Valverde-Pérez B. Methanotrophic oxidation of organic micropollutants and nitrogen upcycling in a hybrid membrane biofilm reactor (hMBfR) for simultaneous O 2 and CH 4 supply. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120104. [PMID: 37348423 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and other organic micropollutants (OMPs) present in wastewater effluents are of growing concern, as they threaten environmental and human health. Conventional biological treatments lead to limited removal of OMPs. Methanotrophic bacteria can degrade a variety of OMPs. By employing a novel bubble-free hybrid membrane biofilm bioreactor (hMBfR), we grew methanotrophic bacteria at three CH4 loading rates. Biomass productivity and CH4 loading showed a linear correlation, with a maximum productivity of 372 mg-VSS·L-1·d-1, with corresponding biomass concentration of 1117.6 ± 56.4 mg-VSS·L-1. Furthermore, the biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and 1H-benzotriazole positively correlated with CH4 oxidation rates, with highest biodegradation kinetic constants of 3.58 L·g-1·d-1 and 5.42 L·g-1·d-1, respectively. Additionally, the hMBfR recovered nutrients as microbial proteins, with an average content 39% DW. The biofilm community was dominated by Methylomonas, while the bulk was dominated by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. The hMBfR removed OMPs, allowing for safer water reuse while valorising CH4 and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders T Mortensen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Estelle M Goonesekera
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Tal Elad
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Building 115, Bygningstorvet, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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6
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Areniello M, Matassa S, Esposito G, Lens PNL. Microbial protein production from sulfide-rich biogas through an enrichment of methane- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129237. [PMID: 37244308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the possibility of combining methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) with sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) to enable the utilization of sulfide-rich biogas for microbial protein production. For this purpose, a MOB-SOB mixed-culture enriched by feeding both methane and sulfide was benchmarked against an enrichment of solely MOB. Different CH4:O2 ratios, starting pH values, sulfide levels and nitrogen sources were tested and evaluated for the two enrichments. The MOB-SOB culture gave promising results in terms of both biomass yield (up to 0.07±0.01 g VSS/g CH4-COD) and protein content (up to 73±5% of VSS) at 1500 ppm of equivalent H2S. The latter enrichment was able to grow also under acidic pH (5.8-7.0), but as inhibited outside the optimal CH4:O2 ratio of 2:3. The obtained results show the capability of MOB-SOB mixed-cultures to directly upcycle sulfide-rich biogas into microbial protein potentially suited for feed, food or biobased product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Areniello
- Department of Microbiology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Department of Microbiology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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7
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Ashoor S, Jun SH, Ko HD, Lee J, Hamelin J, Milferstedt K, Na JG. Polyhydroxybutyrate Production from Methane and Carbon Dioxide by a Syntrophic Consortium of Methanotrophs with Oxygenic Photogranules without an External Oxygen Supply. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1110. [PMID: 37317084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a syntrophic process was developed to produce polyhydroxy-β-butyrate (PHB) from a gas stream containing CH4 and CO2 without an external oxygen supply using a combination of methanotrophs with the community of oxygenic photogranules (OPGs). The co-culture features of Methylomonas sp. DH-1 and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b were evaluated under carbon-rich and carbon-lean conditions. The critical role of O2 in the syntrophy was confirmed through the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Based on their carbon consumption rates and the adaptation to a poor environment, M. trichosporium OB3b with OPGs was selected for methane conversion and PHB production. Nitrogen limitation stimulated PHB accumulation in the methanotroph but hindered the growth of the syntrophic consortium. At 2.9 mM of the nitrogen source, 1.13 g/L of biomass and 83.0 mg/L of PHB could be obtained from simulated biogas. These results demonstrate that syntrophy has the potential to convert greenhouse gases into valuable products efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ashoor
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Do Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Kim Milferstedt
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Jeong-Geol Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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8
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Methylomonas rapida sp. nov., a novel species of fast-growing, carotenoid-producing obligate methanotrophs with high biotechnological potential. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126398. [PMID: 36724672 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The genus Methylomonas accommodates strictly aerobic, obligate methanotrophs, with their sole carbon and energy sources restricted to methane and methanol. These bacteria inhabit oxic-anoxic interfaces of various freshwater habitats and have attracted considerable attention as potential producers of a single-cell protein. Here, we characterize two fast-growing representatives of this genus, strains 12 and MP1T, which are phylogenetically distinct from the currently described Methylomonas species (94.0-97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strains 12 and MP1T were isolated from freshwater sediments collected in Moscow and Krasnodar regions, respectively. Cells of these strains are Gram-negative, red-pigmented, highly motile thick rods that contain a type I intracytoplasmic membrane system and possess a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) enzyme. These bacteria grow between 8 and 45 °C (optimum 35 °C) in a relatively narrow pH range of 5.5-7.3 (optimum pH 6.6-7.2). Major carotenoids synthesized by these methanotrophs are 4,4'-diaplycopene-4,4'-dioic acid, 1,1'-dihydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene and 4,4'-diaplycopenoic acid. High biomass yield, of up to 3.26 g CDW/l, is obtained during continuous cultivation of MP1T on natural gas in a bioreactor at a dilution rate of 0.22 h-1. The complete genome sequence of strain MP1T is 4.59 Mb in size; the DNA G + C content is 52.8 mol%. The genome encodes four rRNA operons, one pMMO operon and 4,216 proteins. The genome sequence displays 82-85 % average nucleotide identity to those of earlier described Methylomonas species. We propose to classify these bacteria as representing a novel species of the genus Methylomonas, M. rapida sp. nov., with the type strain MP1T (=KCTC 92586T = VKM B-3663T).
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Jang N, Jeong J, Ko M, Song DU, Emelianov G, Kim SK, Rha E, Kwon KK, Kim H, Lee DH, Lee H, Lee SG. High Cell-Density Cultivation of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath for Efficient Methane-Derived Mevalonate Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4924-4931. [PMID: 36931885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The engineered Methylococcus capsulatus Bath presents a promising approach for converting methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into valuable chemicals. High cell-density culture (HCDC) is necessary for high-titer growth-associated bioproducts, but it often requires time-consuming and labor-intensive optimization processes. In this study, we aimed to achieve efficient HCDC of M. capsulatus Bath by measuring the residual nutrient levels during bioreactor operations and analyzing the specific uptake of each medium component. By controlling the concentrations of nutrients, particularly calcium and phosphorus via intermittent feeding, we achieved a high cell density of 28.2 g DCW/L and a significantly elevated production of mevalonate at a concentration of 1.8 g/L from methane. Our findings demonstrate that the methanotroph HCDC approach presented herein offers a promising strategy for promoting sustainable development, with an exceptional g-scale production titer for value-added synthetic biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nulee Jang
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Jeong
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Ko
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Song
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgii Emelianov
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Rha
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Koang Kwon
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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10
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Biowaste upcycling into second-generation microbial protein through mixed-culture fermentation. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:197-213. [PMID: 35989113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Securing a sustainable protein supply at the global level is among the greatest challenges currently faced by humanity. Alternative protein sources, such as second-generation microbial protein (MP), could give rise to innovative circular bioeconomy practices, synthesizing high-value bioproducts through the recovery and upcycling of resources from overabundant biowastes and residues. Within such a multi-feedstock biorefinery scenario, the wide range of microbial pathways and networks that characterize mixed microbial cultures, offers interesting and not yet fully explored advantages over conventional monoculture-based processes. In this review, we combine a comprehensive analysis of waste recovery platforms for second-generation MP production with a critical evaluation of the research gaps and potentials offered by mixed culture-based MP fermentation processes.
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11
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Goonesekera EM, Tsapekos P, Angelidaki I, Valverde-Pérez B. Impact of recovered phosphorus supply on methanotrophic cultivation and microbial protein production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:115820. [PMID: 36058074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial protein is a promising dietary supplement alternative to traditional sources, being methane oxidising bacteria (MOB) an attractive option to produce it. Though current production processes rely on fossil resources, there is an increasing trend of using recovered residual nutrient streams, with most research focusing on nitrogen and methane, paying little attention to phosphorus. Struvite and precipitated calcium phosphate (PCP) were evaluated as potential residual P sources for microbial protein production after dissolved them with strong acids. MOB growth was studied in batch experiments. Yields ranged from 0.21 to 0.29 g CDW g CH4-1. Crude protein contents above 50% of dried weight were achieved, and neither the P nor the N source affected the amino acid profile significantly. The highest protein content (75%) was observed when using struvite as nutrient source, but also yielded cadmium and lead accumulation above limits set in legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Maria Goonesekera
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, Technical University of Denmark; DTU, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Søltofts Plads 228A, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Søltofts Plads 228A, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, Technical University of Denmark; DTU, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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12
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Yang YQ, Deng SF, Yang YQ, Ying ZY. Comparative analysis of the endophytic bacteria inhabiting the phyllosphere of aquatic fern Azolla species by high-throughput sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 36221067 PMCID: PMC9552495 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azolla is a small floating fern living in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and provides a variety of important ecosystem benefits. Previous studies have presented that Azolla harbors diverse bacteria that may play a key role in host fitness and productivity. However, the characteristics of endophytic bacteria inhabiting the phyllosphere of different species of Azolla have not yet been fully understood. RESULTS In this study, the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V5-V7 region of bacteria was determined by Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform to study the diversity and richness of endophytic bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of five Azolla species collected from different countries. A total of 1150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected for the endophytic bacteria community. According to the α diversity indices, the diversity of bacteria was ordered as Azolla imbricata > A. pinnata > A. filiculoides > A. mexicana > A. caroliniana. The PCoA results displayed that the bacterial communities of A. mexicana and A. caroliniana shared the highest similarity, followed by the similarity between A. pinnata and A. imbricata, and they were significantly distinct from the community of A. filiculoides. The dominant bacteria of Azolla mainly belonged to the phylum of Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Chlorobillobacteria, and Firmicutes. In detail, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in A. imbricata was 52.23%, whereas it was more than 80.00% in the other four species of Azolla. Notably, Herbaspirillum (45.91%, 44.08%) and Methylophilus (29.97%, 37.96%) were the main genera inhabiting A. mexicana and A. caroliniana respectively. Ferrovibrio (18.54%) and Rhizobium (16.68%) were the dominant genera inhabiting A. filiculoides. The group of unidentified genera (41.63%, 44.92%) consisted most of the bacteria in A. imbricata and A. pinnata respectively. Further analysis suggested that the significant different bacteria identified in LDA Effect Size analysis existed Azolla species-specific patterns. CONCLUSIONS In summary, all results suggested that the diversity and composition of the endophytic bacterial communities were different in Azolla species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Yang
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China. .,National Azolla Germplasm Resource Center, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Su-Fang Deng
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,National Azolla Germplasm Resource Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - You-Quan Yang
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,National Azolla Germplasm Resource Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ying
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China. .,National Azolla Germplasm Resource Center, Fuzhou, China.
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13
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Microbial Biogas Production from Pork Gelatine. HYDROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research describes the results of the anaerobic digestion of gelatine as a potential hydrogen source with heat-shocked inoculum. The concentrations of applied gelatine were of VSS (volatile suspended solids) ranging from 10 g VSS/L to 30 g VSS/L. The initial process pH was 5.5, and, depending on the concentration, reached pH values from 7.5 to 7.8 after 55 days. Although the inoculum was heat-shocked in 30 g VSS/L of collagen, the process that occurred was hydrogenotrophic anaerobic digestion. In gelatine concentrations below 30 g VSS/L, hydrogen production was dominant only during the first 5 days of the experiments. Then, there was a change from dark fermentation to hydrogenotrophic methane production. The optimal hydrogen and methane yields resulted from the concentrations of 10 g VSS/L (7.65 mL ± 0.01 mL H2/g VSS and 3.49 ± 0.01 L CH4/g VSS). Additionally, 10 g VSS/L had the lowest accumulated emission of hydrogen sulphide (10.3 ± 0.01 mL of H2S), while 30 g VSS/L (0.440 ± 0.01mL H2S/g VSS) produced the lowest yield. After a lag time, the hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide grew with a specific ratio, depending on the concentration. The hydrogen sulphide emission and sulphur added analysis proved that hydrogen sulphide originating from biogas created by bacteria remains longer than that from a substrate.
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14
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Marami H, Tsapekos P, Khoshnevisan B, Madsen JA, Andersen JK, Rafiee S, Angelidaki I. Going beyond conventional wastewater treatment plants within circular bioeconomy concept - a sustainability assessment study. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1878-1903. [PMID: 35358077 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have extensive energy processes that undermine their economic and environmental performance. In this context, the integration of wastewater treatment with other biochemical processes such as co-digestion of sludge with organic wastes, and production of value-added products at their downstream processes will shift conventional WWTPs into biorefinery platforms with better sustainability performance. The sustainability of such a biorefinery platform has been investigated herein using an economic and life cycle assessment approach. This WWTP-based biorefinery treats wastewater from Copenhagen municipality, co-digests the source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sludge, and upgrades biogas into biomethane using a hydrogen-assisted upgrading method. Apart from bioenergy, this biorefinery also produces microbial protein (MP) using recovered nutrients from WWTP's reject water. The net environmental savings achieved in two damage categories, i.e., -1.07 × 10-2 species.yr/FU in ecosystem quality and -1.68 × 106 USD/FU in resource scarcity damage categories along with high potential windows for the further environmental profile improvements make this biorefinery platform so encouraging. Despite being promising in terms of environmental performance, the high capital expenditure and low gross profit have undermined the economic performance of the proposed biorefinery. Technological improvements, process optimization, and encouraging incentives/subsidies are still needed to make this platform economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Marami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Shahin Rafiee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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15
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Sharma K, Park YK, Nadda AK, Banerjee P, Singh P, Raizada P, Banat F, Bharath G, Jeong SM, Lam SS. Emerging chemo-biocatalytic routes for valorization of major greenhouse gases (GHG) into industrial products: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Verstraete W, Yanuka‐Golub K, Driesen N, De Vrieze J. Engineering microbial technologies for environmental sustainability: choices to make. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:215-227. [PMID: 34875143 PMCID: PMC8719809 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial technologies have provided solutions to key challenges in our daily lives for over a century. In the debate about the ongoing climate change and the need for planetary sustainability, microbial ecology and microbial technologies are rarely considered. Nonetheless, they can bring forward vital solutions to decrease and even prevent long-term effects of climate change. The key to the success of microbial technologies is an effective, target-oriented microbiome management. Here, we highlight how microbial technologies can play a key role in both natural, i.e. soils and aquatic ecosystems, and semi-natural or even entirely human-made, engineered ecosystems, e.g. (waste) water treatment and bodily systems. First, we set forward fundamental guidelines for effective soil microbial resource management, especially with respect to nutrient loss and greenhouse gas abatement. Next, we focus on closing the water circle, integrating resource recovery. We also address the essential interaction of the human and animal host with their respective microbiomes. Finally, we set forward some key future potentials, such as microbial protein and the need to overcome microphobia for microbial products and services. Overall, we conclude that by relying on the wisdom of the past, we can tackle the challenges of our current era through microbial technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122PWondelgem9032Belgium
| | - Keren Yanuka‐Golub
- The Institute of Applied ResearchThe Galilee SocietyP.O. Box 437Shefa‐AmrIsrael
| | | | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
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17
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Akkoyunlu B, Daly S, Casey E. Membrane bioreactors for the production of value-added products: Recent developments, challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125793. [PMID: 34450442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential of membrane bioreactors to produce value-added products such as biofuels, biopolymers, proteins, organic acids and lipids at high productivities is emerging. Despite the promising results at laboratory scale, industrial deployment of this technology is hindered due to challenges associated with scale-up. This review aims to address these challenges and create a framework to encourage further research directed towards industrial application of membrane bioreactors to produce value-added products. This review describes the current state-of-the art in such bioreactor systems by exploiting membranes to increase the mass transfer rate of the limiting substrates, reach high cell concentrations and separate the inhibitory substances that may inhibit the bioconversion reaction. It also covers the current trends in commercialization, challenges linked with membrane usage, such as high costs and membrane fouling, and proposes possible future directions for the wider application of membrane bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Akkoyunlu
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sorcha Daly
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Casey
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Gęsicka A, Oleskowicz-Popiel P, Łężyk M. Recent trends in methane to bioproduct conversion by methanotrophs. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107861. [PMID: 34710553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methane is an abundant and low-cost gas with high global warming potential and its use as a feedstock can help mitigate climate change. Variety of valuable products can be produced from methane by methanotrophs in gas fermentation processes. By using methane as a sole carbon source, methanotrophic bacteria can produce bioplastics, biofuels, feed additives, ectoine and variety of other high-value chemical compounds. A lot of studies have been conducted through the years for natural methanotrophs and engineered strains as well as methanotrophic consortia. These have focused on increasing yields of native products as well as proof of concept for the synthesis of new range of chemicals by metabolic engineering. This review shows trends in the research on key methanotrophic bioproducts since 2015. Despite certain limitations of the known production strategies that makes commercialization of methane-based products challenging, there is currently much attention placed on the promising further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gęsicka
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Łężyk
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Yang Z, Tsapekos P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Angelidaki I, Wang W. Bio-electrochemically extracted nitrogen from residual resources for microbial protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125353. [PMID: 34116279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Upcycling of nutrients from residual resources for producing microbial protein (MP) is an attractive method to valorize residues. In this study, we investigated bio-electrochemical methods to recover ammonia-N, for further production of MP. Reject water and digestate were used for ammonia-N recovery in microbial fuel cell (MFC) system. In one-stage process, ammonia-N recovery was 32 - 42% with 57 - 154 kJ/m3 waste stream of electricity generation. For further enhancing recovery efficiency, a two-stage process was developed, achieving efficiency of 53 - 61%. Subsequently, MP was grown with the extracted ammonia-N, and amino acid concentration was 421 and 272 mg/L under 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Similar essential amino acid content of MP (especially under 25 °C) with the one from fish demonstrated the attractiveness of upcycling residues to proteins. Based on simplified economic evaluation, the produced energy performed the potential to catch 1.63 - 6.54 €/m3 waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wen Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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20
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Sahoo KK, Goswami G, Das D. Biotransformation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Into High-Value Products by Methanotrophs: Current State of Art and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636486. [PMID: 33776968 PMCID: PMC7987672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemical methods to transform methane and carbon dioxide into useful chemicals are plagued by the requirement for extreme operating conditions and expensive catalysts. Exploitation of microorganisms as biocatalysts is an attractive alternative to sequester these C1 compounds and convert them into value-added chemicals through their inherent metabolic pathways. Microbial biocatalysts are advantageous over chemical processes as they require mild-operating conditions and do not release any toxic by-products. Methanotrophs are potential cell-factories for synthesizing a wide range of high-value products via utilizing methane as the sole source of carbon and energy, and hence, serve as excellent candidate for methane sequestration. Besides, methanotrophs are capable of capturing carbon dioxide and enzymatically hydrogenating it into methanol, and hence qualify to be suitable candidates for carbon dioxide sequestration. However, large-scale production of value-added products from methanotrophs still presents an overwhelming challenge, due to gas-liquid mass transfer limitations, low solubility of gases in liquid medium and low titer of products. This requires design and engineering of efficient reactors for scale-up of the process. The present review offers an overview of the metabolic architecture of methanotrophs and the range of product portfolio they can offer. Special emphasis is given on methanol biosynthesis as a potential biofuel molecule, through utilization of methane and alternate pathway of carbon dioxide sequestration. In view of the gas-liquid mass transfer and low solubility of gases, the key rate-limiting step in gas fermentation, emphasis is given toward reactor design consideration essential to achieve better process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kalyani Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Gargi Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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21
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Khider MLK, Brautaset T, Irla M. Methane monooxygenases: central enzymes in methanotrophy with promising biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:72. [PMID: 33765207 PMCID: PMC7994243 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the use of methane is limited to generating power, electricity, heating, and for production of chemicals. We believe this valuable gas can be employed more widely. Here we review the possibility of using methane as a feedstock for biotechnological processes based on the application of synthetic methanotrophs. Methane monooxygenase (MMO) enables aerobic methanotrophs to utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source, in contrast to industrial microorganisms that grow on carbon sources, such as sugar cane, which directly compete with the food market. However, naturally occurring methanotrophs have proven to be difficult to manipulate genetically and their current industrial use is limited to generating animal feed biomass. Shifting the focus from genetic engineering of methanotrophs, towards introducing metabolic pathways for methane utilization in familiar industrial microorganisms, may lead to construction of efficient and economically feasible microbial cell factories. The applications of a technology for MMO production are not limited to methane-based industrial synthesis of fuels and value-added products, but are also of interest in bioremediation where mitigating anthropogenic pollution is an increasingly relevant issue. Published research on successful functional expression of MMO does not exist, but several attempts provide promising future perspectives and a few recent patents indicate that there is an ongoing research in this field. Combining the knowledge on genetics and metabolism of methanotrophy with tools for functional heterologous expression of MMO-encoding genes in non-methanotrophic bacterial species, is a key step for construction of synthetic methanotrophs that holds a great biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- May L K Khider
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marta Irla
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Tikhomirova TS, But SY. Laboratory scale bioreactor designs in the processes of methane bioconversion: Mini-review. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107709. [PMID: 33548452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global methane emissions have been steadily increasing over the past few decades, exerting a negative effect on the environment. Biogas from landfills and sewage treatment plants is the main anthropogenic source of methane. This makes methane bioconversion one of the priority areas of biotechnology. This process involves the production of biochemical compounds from non-food sources through microbiological synthesis. Methanotrophic bacteria are a promising tool for methane bioconversion due to their ability to use this greenhouse gas and to produce protein-rich biomass, as well as a broad range of useful organic compounds. Currently, methane is used not only to produce biomass and chemical compounds, but also to increase the efficiency of water and solid waste treatment. However, the use of gaseous substrates in biotechnological processes is associated with some difficulties. The low solubility of methane in water is one of the major problems. Different approaches have been involved to encounter these challenges, including different bioreactor and gas distribution designs, solid carriers and bulk sorbents, as well as varying air/oxygen supply, the ratio of volumetric flow rate of gas mixture to its consumption rate, etc. The aim of this review was to summarize the current data on different bioreactor designs and the aspects of their applications for methane bioconversion and wastewater treatment. The bioreactors used in these processes must meet a number of requirements such as low methane emission, improved gas exchange surface, and controlled substrate supply to the reaction zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Tikhomirova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Institutskaya 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Sergey Y But
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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23
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Zha X, Tsapekos P, Zhu X, Khoshnevisan B, Lu X, Angelidaki I. Bioconversion of wastewater to single cell protein by methanotrophic bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124351. [PMID: 33161316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single cell protein (SCP) provides an alternative protein source to partially replace the conventional agricultural resources and support the increased nutritional needs. Inexpensive feeding source is one of the key limiting factors for the expansion of SCP production. The present study examined the valorization of biogas derived from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge and the discarded effluent as nutrients source to produce SCP using methanotrophic bacteria. Results indicated that the mixed methanotrophic culture can grow well on the pasteurized AD supernatant and biogas, succeeding in promising dry weight (DW) yield (0.66 ± 0.01 g-DW/g-CH4 and 11.54 ± 0.12 g-DW/g-NH4+). Methylomonas (56.26%) and Methylophilus (24.60%) spp. were the two main representatives of the mixed culture. The produced dried biomass had a protein content higher than 41% w/w, including essential amino acids like histidine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine and lysine. The cultivated SCP shows potential utilization as protein source for animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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