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Liu L, Wang H, Zou W, Zhao L, Liang F, Zhai Y. Ionic liquid catalyzed low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge to produce hydrochar with low heavy metal content and positive energy recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130803. [PMID: 38734263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
An ionic liquid (IL, [DMAPA]HSO4) was prepared to facilitate the removal of heavy metals by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in sewage sludge (SS) and to obtain a positive energy recovery (ER, (Energyoutput/Energyinput - 1) > 0). The results found that the removal efficiencies of the Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, and Cd from SS exceeded 75 % with positive ER (6 %) at 20 wt% IL dosage (IL:SS). IL promoted the HTC reactions of proteins and polysaccharides to produce fixed carbon and small molecule polymers. The process mainly relies on IL to catalyze the dehydration and graphitization of SS and to destroy the heavy metal binding sites such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Additionally, IL aids in constructing the macropore structures in hydrochar, thereby facilitating the release of heavy metals and water during the HTC process. This discovery holds promise for removing heavy metals from SS by one-pot HTC processes with positive energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 612-8236, Japan
| | - Hongxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Luna Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Fashen Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
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Luo X, Du H, Du J, Zhang X, Xiao W, Qin L. The influence of biomass type on hydrothermal carbonization: Role of calcium oxalate in enhancing carbon sequestration of hydrochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119586. [PMID: 37984272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Addressing climate change through effective carbon sequestration strategies is critical. This study presents an investigation into the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of invasive plants (IPs) to produce hydrochars to unveil the significant impact of biomass type and unique mineral on the stability of hydrochars. Nine hydrochars were produced from six IPs, utilizing both single and mixed biomass. A key finding is the observable that calcium oxalate forms as a surface mineral during HTC through different characterization techniques, the presence of which notably influenced the stability of hydrochars, resulting in enhanced thermal (highest R50 = 0.81) and chemical (lowest carbon loss rate = 4.02%) stability of hydrochars, possibly acting as a protective layer. Besides, a positive correlation was established between the yield of hydrochars and the lignin content of the original biomass. It is also observed that Co-HTC of plant materials rich in Ca2+ can enhance the formation of calcium oxalate minerals. This is likely due to their synergistic role in the HTC process, promoting the release of more C2O42- and Ca2+. Our results signify the crucial role of biomass composition in the HTC process and spotlight the potential of calcium oxalate in augmenting hydrochar stability. This study offers valuable insights that bolster the theoretical framework for employing hydrochar derived from IPs as a potent material for carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Haiying Du
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administration, Aba, 623400, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059, China.
| | | | - Liang Qin
- Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
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Chen C, Wang Z, Ge Y, Liang R, Hou D, Tao J, Yan B, Zheng W, Velichkova R, Chen G. Characteristics prediction of hydrothermal biochar using data enhanced interpretable machine learning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128893. [PMID: 36931444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal biochar is a promising sustainable soil remediation agent for plant growth. Demands for biochar properties differ due to the diversity of soil environment. In order to achieve accurate biochar properties prediction and overcome the interpretability bottleneck of machine learning models, this study established a series of data-enhanced machine learning models and conducted relevant sensitivity analysis. Compared with traditional support vector machine, artificial neural network, and random forest models, the accuracy after data enhancement increased in average from 5.8% to 15.8%, where the optimal random forest model showed the average of accuracy was 94.89%. According to sensitivity analysis results, the essential factors influencing the predicting results of the models were reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and specific element of biomass feedstock. As a result, data-enhanced interpretable machine learning proved promising for the characteristics prediction of hydrothermal biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yadong Ge
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Donghao Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wandong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rositsa Velichkova
- Department of Hydroaerodynamics and Hydraulic machines, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
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Said Z, Sharma P, Thi Bich Nhuong Q, Bora BJ, Lichtfouse E, Khalid HM, Luque R, Nguyen XP, Hoang AT. Intelligent approaches for sustainable management and valorisation of food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128952. [PMID: 36965587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is a severe environmental and social concern that today's civilization is facing. Therefore, it is necessary to have an efficient and sustainable solution for managing FW bioprocessing. Emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) are critical to achieving this, in which IoT sensors' data is analyzed using AI and ML techniques, enabling real-time decision-making and process optimization. This work describes recent developments in valorizing FW using novel tactics such as the IoT, AI, and ML. It could be concluded that combining IoT, AI, and ML approaches could enhance bioprocess monitoring and management for generating value-added products and chemicals from FW, contributing to improving environmental sustainability and food security. Generally, a comprehensive strategy of applying intelligent techniques in conjunction with government backing can minimize FW and maximize the role of FW in the circular economy toward a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Said
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi-110089, India
| | | | - Bhaskor J Bora
- Energy Institute Bengaluru, Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 PR China
| | - Haris M Khalid
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah 7947, United Arab Emirates; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Santiago, Avenida Libertador 3363, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Rafael Luque
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Li L, Qian J, Zhao Y, Wang T. Nitrogen distribution and evolution during persulfate assisted hydrothermal carbonization of spirulina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125980. [PMID: 34583113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulfate was used during hydrothermal processing of spirulina (160℃-220℃) for enhancement of nitrogen conversion. The nitrogen distribution in aqueous phase, hydrochar and biocrude-oil was evaluated, and the elemental composition and chemical forms of hydrochar were investigated. Results suggested that the addition of persulfate during hydrothermal processing of spirulina increased the atomic N/O of hydrochar for 1.2%-2.4%, whereas the NH4+-N concentration in liquid phase increased by approximately 67-155 mg/L regardless of temperature, suggesting that the persulfate could facilitate the organic nitrogen degradation and protein deamination. The N1s XPS analysis indicated that the protein-N, pyrrole-N, and inorganic-N ratio in spirulina were decreased, while more pyridine-N in hydrochar was formed, suggesting that more stable N forms were generated. In addition, the elementary composition also showed that more N was formed on the surface of hydrochar instead of the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limei Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Abstract
Urban food waste issues in developing economies have recently attracted the attention of policymakers, practitioners, and academics in the course of implementing the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. In our case study city of Bangkok, Thailand, household food waste generation doubled from 2003 to 2018, with a similar increase in per capita amounts. Using an extensive literature review, statistical models, and a questionnaire survey, the authors clarified factors influencing food waste generation and separation before disposal, and reuse/recycling activity in urban households. Results showed that pre-purchase checks can not only prevent food waste but can also increase the reuse/recycling of food waste. Citizens with higher levels of education and those showing more concern about social issues and global warming are more likely to separate food waste before disposal and to participate in reuse/recycling activities. Finally, this paper proposes a seven-stage action-based model of integrated strategies for improving household food and food waste management to prevent/reduce food waste generation as well as remedy existing policy gaps in Bangkok.
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Qian J, Zhao Y, Wang T, Zhai Y. Biowaste hydrothermal carbonization for hydrochar valorization: Skeleton structure, conversion pathways and clean biofuel applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124686. [PMID: 33454447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), as one of thermal conversion techniques, shows promising commercial potential for hydrochar production from wet biowaste. This technique was re-discovered and regraded as artificial coalification to mimic natural process. In recent years, researchers concern more about hydrochar obtained from HTC, since large amount of organic waste including sludge, algae, food waste, manure etc. are generated with high moisture, which can be directly used as reaction medium, and hydrochar has high carbon density and energy retention. With this regard, application of hydrochar as biofuel is a renewable and sustainable way for biowaste recycling. In this review, HTC process and pathways about hydrochar formation from (N-free/N-rich biowaste), carbon-skeleton structure, critical elements on clean properties, and hydrochar pelletization for biofuel production were presented. Potential applications and challenges for HTC as green and sustainable way were presented, which will provide prospect for hydrochar as clean and renewable biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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