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Udaypal, Goswami RK, Mehariya S, Verma P. Advances in microalgae-based carbon sequestration: Current status and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118397. [PMID: 38309563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The advancement in carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration technology has received significant attention due to the adverse effects of CO2 on climate. The mitigation of the adverse effects of CO2 can be accomplished through its conversion into useful products or renewable fuels. In this regard, microalgae is a promising candidate due to its high photosynthesis efficiency, sustainability, and eco-friendly nature. Microalgae utilizes CO2 in the process of photosynthesis and generates biomass that can be utilized to produce various valuable products such as supplements, chemicals, cosmetics, biofuels, and other value-added products. However, at present microalgae cultivation is still restricted to producing value-added products due to high cultivation costs and lower CO2 sequestration efficiency of algal strains. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop novel techniques that can be cost-effective and enhance microalgal carbon sequestration efficiency. The main aim of the present manuscript is to explain how to optimize microalgal CO2 sequestration, integrate valuable product generation, and explore novel techniques like genetic manipulations, phytohormones, quantum dots, and AI tools to enhance the efficiency of CO2 sequestration. Additionally, this review provides an overview of the mass flow of different microalgae and their biorefinery, life cycle assessment (LCA) for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions, and the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of current technologies. All of the reviewed approaches efficiently enhance microalgal CO2 sequestration and integrate value-added compound production, creating a green and economically profitable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaypal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory (BPBEL), Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory (BPBEL), Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory (BPBEL), Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Thevarajah B, Piyatilleke S, Nimarshana PHV, Koushalya S, Malik A, Ariyadasa TU. Exploring effective light spectral conversion techniques for enhanced production of Spirulina-derived blue pigment protein, c-phycocyanin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130612. [PMID: 38508281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina is a promising feedstock for c-phycocyanin, a blue pigment-protein, commercially incorporated in many food products for its desirable bright blue attributes, exceptional bioavailability, and inherent therapeutic properties. Remarkably, enhancing c-phycocyanin synthesis in Spirulina would facilitate economic viability and sustainability at large-scale production, as the forecasted market value is $ 409.8 million by 2030. Notably, the lighting source plays a key role in enhancing c-phycocyanin in Spirulina, and thus, strategies to filter/concentrate the photons of respective wavelengths, influencing light spectra, are beneficial. Enveloping open raceway ponds and greenhouses by luminescent solar concentrators and light filtering sheets enables solar spectral conversion of the sunlight at desirable wavelengths, emerges as a promising strategy to enhance synthesis of c-phycocyanin in Spirulina. Nevertheless, the conduction of techno-economic assessments and evaluation of scalability at large-scale cultivation of Spirulina are essential for the real-time implementation of lighting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavatharny Thevarajah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Sajani Piyatilleke
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - P H V Nimarshana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - S Koushalya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Thilini U Ariyadasa
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka.
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Yuan X, Gao X, Liu C, Liang W, Xue H, Li Z, Jin H. Application of Nanomaterials in the Production of Biomolecules in Microalgae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:594. [PMID: 37999418 PMCID: PMC10672109 DOI: 10.3390/md21110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are becoming more commonly used in microalgal biotechnology to empower the production of algal biomass and valuable metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, and exopolysaccharides. It provides an effective and promising supplement to the existing algal biotechnology. In this review, the potential for NMs to enhance microalgal growth by improving photosynthetic utilization efficiency and removing reactive oxygen species is first summarized. Then, their positive roles in accumulation, bioactivity modification, and extraction of valuable microalgal metabolites are presented. After the application of NMs in microalgae cultivation, the extracted metabolites, particularly exopolysaccharides, contain trace amounts of NM residues, and thus, the impact of these residues on the functional properties of the metabolites is also evaluated. Finally, the methods for removing NM residues from the extracted metabolites are summarized. This review provides insights into the application of nanotechnology for sustainable production of valuable metabolites in microalgae and will contribute useful information for ongoing and future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wensheng Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huidan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengke Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.Y.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Haojie Jin
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
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Mou Y, Liu N, Su K, Li X, Lu T, Yu Z, Song M. The growth and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus quadricauda under nitrogen starvation stress during xylose mixotrophic/heterotrophic cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98934-98946. [PMID: 36502485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to conquer the block of high cost and low yields which limit to realize the commercialization of microalgal biodiesel, the mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus quadricauda FACHB-1297 fed on xylose was separately studied employing six forms of media: phosphorus sufficient, phosphorus restricted, and phosphorus starvation were combined with nitrogen sufficient and nitrogen starvation conditions. The maximum lipid content (about 41% of dry weight) was obtained on the 5th day (heterotrophic cultivation) and 8th day (mixotrophic cultivation) under the nitrogen starved and phosphorus sufficient (N0&P) conditions, which was about twofold in comparison to the final lipid content on the sufficient nitrogen condition (control). Under mixotrophic and heterotrophic modes, the highest lipid production was achieved in the N0&P trial, with the value of 274.96 mg/L and 193.77 mg/L, respectively. Xylose utilization rate of 30-96% under heterotrophic modes was apparently higher than that of 20-50% in mixotrophic modes. In contrast, phosphorus uptake rate of 100% under mixotrophic cultivation was significantly more than that of 60-90% in heterotrophic cultivation. Furthermore, under the condition of heterotrophic cultivation using xylose as a carbon source, the phosphorus had a positive impact on microalgae cell synthesis and the lipid content enhanced with the augmentation in phosphorus concentrations. We suggested that sufficient phosphorus should be supplied for obtaining higher microalgal lipid production in the lack of nitrogen under xylose heterotrophic/mixotrophic condition. This was a highly effective way to obtain efficient microalgae lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Mou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Kunyang Su
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Tianxiang Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
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Krishnani KK, Boddu VM, Singh RD, Chakraborty P, Verma AK, Brooks L, Pathak H. Plants, animals, and fisheries waste-mediated bioremediation of contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs)-a circular bioresource utilization approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84999-85045. [PMID: 37400699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The release of contaminants of environmental concern including heavy metals and metalloids, and contaminants of emerging concern including organic micropollutants from processing industries, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and anthropogenic sources, is a growing threat worldwide. Mitigating inorganic and organic contaminants, which can be coined as contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs), is a big challenge as traditional physicochemical processes are not economically viable for managing mixed contaminants of low concentrations. As a result, low-cost materials must be designed to provide high CEEC removal efficiency. One of the environmentally viable and energy-efficient approaches is biosorption, which involves using biomass or biopolymers isolated from plants or animals to decontaminate heavy metals in contaminated environments using inherent biological mechanisms. Among chemical constituents in plant biomass, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, proteins, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and animal biomass include polysaccharides and other compounds to bind heavy metals covalently and non-covalently. These functional groups include carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide, amine, and sulfhydryl. Cation-exchange capacities of these bioadsorbents can be improved by applying chemical modifications. The relevance of chemical constituents and bioactives in biosorbents derived from agricultural production such as food and fodder crops, bioenergy and cash crops, fruit and vegetable crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, plantation trees, aquatic and terrestrial weeds, and animal production such as dairy, goatery, poultry, duckery, and fisheries is highlighted in this comprehensive review for sequestering and bioremediation of CEECs, including as many as ten different heavy metals and metalloids co-contaminated with other organic micropollutants in circular bioresource utilization and one-health concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Veera Mallu Boddu
- Homeland Security & Material Management Division (HSMMD), Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Debarjeet Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Puja Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Lance Brooks
- Homeland Security & Material Management Division (HSMMD), Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Zhou JL, Yang L, Huang KX, Chen DZ, Gao F. Mechanisms and application of microalgae on removing emerging contaminants from wastewater: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128049. [PMID: 36191750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews the development of the ability of microalgae to remove emerging contaminants (ECs) from wastewater. Contaminant removal by microalgae-based systems (MBSs) includes biosorption, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, photolysis, hydrolysis, and volatilization. Usually, the existence of ECs can inhibit microalgae growth and reduce their removal ability. Therefore, three methods (acclimation, co-metabolism, and algal-bacterial consortia) are proposed in this paper to improve the removal performance of ECs by microalgae. Finally, due to the high removal performance of contaminants from wastewater by algal-bacterial consortia systems, three kinds of algal-bacterial consortia applications (algal-bacterial activatedsludge, algal-bacterial biofilm reactor, and algal-bacterial constructed wetland system) are recommended in this paper. These applications are promising for ECs removal. But most of them are still in their infancy, and limited research has been conducted on operational mechanisms and removal processes. Extra research is needed to clarify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of hybrid processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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Zhao Z, Yang H, Feng Z, Huo Y, Fu L, Zhou D. Role of naphthaleneacetic acid in the degradation of bisphenol A and wastewater treatment by microalgae: Enhancement and signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135829. [PMID: 35948092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coupling microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment is a promising environmentally sustainable development strategy. However, toxics such as Bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater damage microalgae cells and reduces bioresources production. Phytohormone regulation has the potential to solve this issue. However, phytohormone research is still in its infancy. In this work, 0.2 μM naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) significantly enhanced Chlorella vulgaris BPA detoxification by 127.3% and Chlorella biomass production by 46.4%. NAA helps Chlorella convert bisphenol A into small non-toxic intermediates by enhancing the expression of associated enzymes. Simultaneously, NAA promoted carbon fixation and photosynthetic metabolism. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway strengthened the downstream antioxidant system while improving photosynthesis and intracellular starch and lipid synthesis. Carbohydrates, pigment, and lipid production was significantly enhanced by 20.0%, 46.9%, and 21.8%, respectively. A new insight is provided into how phytohormones may increase microalgae in wastewater's bioresource transformation and toxicity resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhao
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Huiwen Yang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhixuan Feng
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yang Huo
- College of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Shrivastava V, Ali I, Marjub MM, Rene ER, Soto AMF. Wastewater in the food industry: Treatment technologies and reuse potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133553. [PMID: 35016953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is the most extensively used raw material in the food and beverage industry. This industrial sector has a negative impact on the environment and economy as a result of rising water demand and wastewater production. With the increasing scarcity of drinking water, the reuse of wastewater streams has become an important economic and ecological concern. Therefore, the optimisation of water consumption and wastewater reuse in the food industry is essential. On the other hand, several countries limit the reuse of wastewater because of legal curtailment, public health and safety concerns. This represents a major challenge for both industries and administrations due to the technical complexity and financial costs involved. The present review aims at addressing the key issues related to water consumption, wastewater generation, treatment and successful implementation cases of water reuse in the food and beverage industry. Moreover, the various case studies of already employed technologies for the food industry wastewater treatment and reuse have been analysed for their performance. Also, this review reveals future research on the application of other innovative technologies such as ultraviolet irradiation and micro electrolysis. However, the successful implementation of reuse strategies is associated with the holistic evaluation of local factors such as governmental incentives, social acceptance and legislation harmonisation related to the cost, risks, and environmental performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izba Ali
- KU Leuven Technology Campus De Nayer, Jan Pieter de Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
| | - Makid Maskawat Marjub
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Ailén María Florencia Soto
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands; Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin Removal and the Effect on the Biochemical Composition of Chlorella vulgaris. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040134. [PMID: 35447694 PMCID: PMC9032391 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently detected in the aquatic environment due to their excessive usage and low-efficiency removal in wastewater treatment plants. This can provide the origin to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes in the microbial community, with considerable ecotoxicity to the environment. Among the antibiotics, the occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and amoxicillin (AMX) has been detected in various water matrices at different concentrations around the Earth. They are designated as emerging contaminants (ECs). Microalga Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) has been extensively employed in phycoremediation studies for its acclimatization property, non-target organisms for antibiotics, and the production of value-added bioproducts utilizing the nutrients from the wastewater. In this study, C. vulgaris medium was spiked with 5 mg/L of CIP and AMX, and investigated for its growth-stimulating effects, antibiotic removal capabilities, and its effects on the biochemical composition of algal cells compared to the control medium for 7 days. The results demonstrated that C. vulgaris adapted the antibiotic spiked medium and removed CIP (37 ± 2%) and AMX (25 ± 3%), respectively. The operating mechanisms were bioadsorption, followed by bioaccumulation, and biodegradation, with an increase in cell density up to 46 ± 3% (CIP) and 36 ± 4% (AMX), compared to the control medium. Further investigations revealed that, in the CIP stress-induced algal medium, an increase in major photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a (30%) and biochemical composition (lipids (50%), carbohydrates (32%), and proteins (65%)) was observed, respectively, compared to the control medium. In the AMX stress-induced algal medium, increases in chlorophyll-a (22%), lipids (46%), carbohydrates (45%), and proteins (49%) production were observed compared to the control medium. Comparing the two different stress conditions and considering that CIP is more toxic than AMX, this study provided insights on the photosynthetic activity and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris during the stress conditions and the response of algae towards the specific antibiotic stress. The current study confirmed the ability of C. vulgaris to adapt, bioadsorb, bioaccumulate, and biodegrade emerging contaminants. Moreover, the results showed that C. vulgaris is not only able to remove CIP and AMX from the medium but also can increase the production of valuable biomass usable in the production of various bioproducts.
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Yu C, Pang H, Wang JH, Chi ZY, Zhang Q, Kong FT, Xu YP, Li SY, Che J. Occurrence of antibiotics in waters, removal by microalgae-based systems, and their toxicological effects: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151891. [PMID: 34826467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global antibiotics consumption has been on the rise, leading to increased antibiotics release into the environment, which threatens public health by selecting for antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes, and may endanger the entire ecosystem by impairing primary production. Conventional bacteria-based treatment methods are only moderately effective in antibiotics removal, while abiotic approaches such as advanced oxidation and adsorption are costly and energy/chemical intensive, and may cause secondary pollution. Considered as a promising alternative, microalgae-based technology requires no extra chemical addition, and can realize tremendous CO2 mitigation accompanying growth related pollutants removal. Previous studies on microalgae-based antibiotics removal, however, focused more on the removal performances than on the removal mechanisms, and few studies have concerned the toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae during the treatment process. Yet understanding the removal mechanisms can be of great help for targeted microalgae-based antibiotics removal performances improvement. Moreover, most of the removal and toxicity studies were carried out using environment-irrelevant high concentrations of antibiotics, leading to reduced guidance for real-world situations. Integrating the two research fields can be helpful for both improving antibiotics removal and avoiding toxicological effects to primary producers by the residual pollutants. This study, therefore, aims to build a link connecting the occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, the removal of antibiotics by microalgae-based processes, and the toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae. Distribution of various categories of antibiotics in different water environments were summarized, together with the antibiotics removal mechanisms and performances in microalgae-based systems, and the toxicological mechanisms and toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae after either short-term or long-term exposure. Current research gaps and future prospects were also analyzed. The review could provide much valuable information to the related fields, and provoke interesting thoughts on integrating microalgae-based antibiotics removal research and toxicity research on the basis of environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jing-Han Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Fan-Tao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yong-Ping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, PR China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, PR China
| | - Jian Che
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Biological Seed Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian 116222, PR China
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