1
|
Park SY, Lee J, Kwon I, Song H, Kim B, Kim T, Lee C, Yoon SJ, Noh J, Hong S, Khim JS. Ecotoxicological effects of suspended sediments on marine microalgae using flow cytometry and pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116968. [PMID: 39270563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal bioassays were conducted to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of suspended sediments (SS) collected from coastal environments. Growth inhibition was assessed for six microalgal species, and multiple endpoints were measured using flow cytometry (FCM) and pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry for three species (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum). Among these, the EC50 for growth inhibition of D. tertiolecta (6700 mg L-1) was notably lower compared to the other species, and among several endpoints, esterase activity was the most inhibited. Species-specific responses to SS exposure were identified, with D. tertiolecta exhibiting greater susceptibility across most endpoints. Meanwhile, measurements of Fo', Fm', and Y(NPQ) in P. tricornutum using PAM fluorometry revealed greater sensitivity. Based on the results of this study and review, the tentative predicted no-effect concentration was calculated as 12.1 mg L-1. Overall, this study provides novel insights into SS ecotoxicity, establishing a crucial baseline for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yeong Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inha Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseo Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trovão M, Schüler L, Pedroso H, Reis A, Santo GE, Barros A, Correia N, Ribeiro J, Bombo G, Gama F, Viana C, Costa MM, Ferreira S, Cardoso H, Varela J, Silva J, Freitas F, Pereira H. Isolation and Selection of Protein-Rich Mutants of Chlorella vulgaris by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting with Enhanced Biostimulant Activity to Germinate Garden Cress Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2441. [PMID: 39273926 PMCID: PMC11396921 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising feedstock with proven biostimulant activity that is enhanced by their biochemical components (e.g., amino acids and phytohormones), which turns them into an appealing feedstock to reduce the use of fertilisers in agriculture and improve crop productivity and resilience. Thus, this work aimed to isolate protein-rich microalgal mutants with increased biostimulant activity. Random mutagenesis was performed with Chlorella vulgaris, and a selection of protein-rich mutants were sorted through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), resulting in the isolation of 17 protein-rich mutant strains with protein contents 19-34% higher than that of the wildtype (WT). Furthermore, mutant F4 displayed a 38%, 22% and 62% higher biomass productivity, growth rate and chlorophyll content, respectively. This mutant was then scaled up to a 7 L benchtop reactor to produce biomass and evaluate the biostimulant potential of this novel strain towards garden cress seeds. Compared to water (control), the germination index and the relative total growth increased by 7% and 19%, respectively, after the application of 0.1 g L-1 of this bioproduct, which highlights its biostimulant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Trovão
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lisa Schüler
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Humberto Pedroso
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Barros
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Nádia Correia
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Florinda Gama
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Viana
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Monya M Costa
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ferreira
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena Cardoso
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab, Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang N, Kim EA, Park A, Heo SY, Heo JH, Lee WK, Ryu YK, Heo SJ. Antiviral Activity of Chlorophyll Extracts from Tetraselmis sp., a Marine Microalga, Against Zika Virus Infection. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:397. [PMID: 39330278 PMCID: PMC11433109 DOI: 10.3390/md22090397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the large-scale cultivation of Tetraselmis sp. in Korea have enabled year-round production of this marine microalgae. This study explores the potential industrial applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass by investigating the antiviral properties of its extracts and primary components. The antiviral effects of Tetraselmis sp. extracts were evaluated in Zika virus (ZIKV)-infected cells. Following extensive isolation and purification, the main compounds were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Their antiviral activities were confirmed using in vitro and in silico tests. Tetraselmis sp. extracts reduced infectious viral particles and non-structural protein 1 messenger RNA levels in ZIKV-infected cells without inducing cytotoxicity. Additionally, they modulated the interferon-mediated immune system responses. Tetraselmis sp. extracts are composed of four main chlorophylls: chlorophyll a, chlorin e6-131-152-dimethyl-173-phytyl ester, hydroxychlorophyll a, and hydroxypheophytin a. Among them, chlorophyll a, chlorin e6-131-152-dimethyl-173-phytyl ester, and hydroxypheophytin showed the antiviral activities in ZIKV-infected cells and molecular docking simulations predicted interactions between these chlorophylls and ZIKV. Our findings suggest that Tetraselmis sp. chlorophyll extracts exert antiviral effects against ZIKV and could serve as potential therapeutic candidates against ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalae Kang
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Areumi Park
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Jun-Ho Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Yong-Kyun Ryu
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (A.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-K.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Fendri I, Smaoui S, Abdelkafi S. Tetraselmis species for environmental sustainability: biology, water bioremediation, and biofuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0. [PMID: 39060891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing demand of fossil fuels and water pollution and their environmental impacts, marine green microalgae have gained special attention in both scientific and industrial fields. This is due to their fast growth in non-arable lands with high photosynthetic activity, their metabolic plasticity, as well as their high CO2 capture capacity. Tetraselmis species, green and eukaryotic microalgae, are not only considered as a valuable source of biomolecules including pigments, lipids, and starch but also widely used in biotechnological applications. Tetraselmis cultivation for high-value biomolecules and industrial use was demonstrated to be a non-cost-effective strategy because of its low demand in nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Recently, phycoremediation of wastewater rich in nutrients, chemicals, and heavy metals has become an efficient and economic-alternative that allows the detoxification of waters and induces mechanisms in algal cells for biomolecules rich-energy synthesis to regulate their metabolic pathways. This review aims to shed light on Tetraselmis species for their different culture conditions and metabolites bioaccumulation, as well as their human health and environmental applications. Additionally, phycoremediation of contaminants associated to biofuel production in Tetraselmis cells and their different intracellular and extracellular mechanisms have also been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée À l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McQuillan JL, Cutolo EA, Evans C, Pandhal J. Proteomic characterization of a lutein-hyperaccumulating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant reveals photoprotection-related factors as targets for increasing cellular carotenoid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37925447 PMCID: PMC10625216 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are emerging hosts for the sustainable production of lutein, a high-value carotenoid; however, to be commercially competitive with existing systems, their capacity for lutein sequestration must be augmented. Previous attempts to boost microalgal lutein production have focussed on upregulating carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, in part due to a lack of metabolic engineering targets for expanding lutein storage. RESULTS Here, we isolated a lutein hyper-producing mutant of the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterized the metabolic mechanisms driving its enhanced lutein accumulation using label-free quantitative proteomics. Norflurazon- and high light-resistant C. reinhardtii mutants were screened to yield four mutant lines that produced significantly more lutein per cell compared to the CC-125 parental strain. Mutant 5 (Mut-5) exhibited a 5.4-fold increase in lutein content per cell, which to our knowledge is the highest fold increase of lutein in C. reinhardtii resulting from mutagenesis or metabolic engineering so far. Comparative proteomics of Mut-5 against its parental strain CC-125 revealed an increased abundance of light-harvesting complex-like proteins involved in photoprotection, among differences in pigment biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and translation. Further characterization of Mut-5 under varying light conditions revealed constitutive overexpression of the photoprotective proteins light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) and LHCSR3 and PSII subunit S regardless of light intensity, and increased accrual of total chlorophyll and carotenoids as light intensity increased. Although the photosynthetic efficiency of Mut-5 was comparatively lower than CC-125, the amplitude of non-photochemical quenching responses of Mut-5 was 4.5-fold higher than in CC-125 at low irradiance. CONCLUSIONS We used C. reinhardtii as a model green alga and identified light-harvesting complex-like proteins (among others) as potential metabolic engineering targets to enhance lutein accumulation in microalgae. These have the added value of imparting resistance to high light, although partially compromising photosynthetic efficiency. Further genetic characterization and engineering of Mut-5 could lead to the discovery of unknown players in photoprotective mechanisms and the development of a potent microalgal lutein production system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caroline Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin JY, Ng IS. Enhanced carbon capture, lipid and lutein production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under meso-thermophilic conditions using chaperone and CRISPRi system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129340. [PMID: 37343802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are widely recognized as a promising bioresource for producing renewable fuels and chemicals. Microalgal biorefinery has tremendous potential for incorporation into circular bioeconomy, including sustainability, cascading use, and waste reduction. In this study, genetic engineering was used to enhance the growth, lipid and lutein productivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii including strains of CC400, PY9, pCHS, and PG. Notably, CRISPRi mediated on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC1) gene to down-regulate the branch pathway from glycolysis to partitioning more carbon flux to lipid was explored under meso-thermophilic condition. The best chassis PGi, which has overexpressed chaperone GroELS and applied CRISPRi resulting in the highest biomass of 2.56 g/L and also boosted the lipids and lutein with 893 and 23.5 mg/L, respectively at 35 °C. Finally, all strains with CRISPRi exhibited higher transcriptional levels of the crucial genes from photosynthesis, starch, lipid and lutein metabolism, thus reaching a CO2 assimilation of 1.087 g-CO2/g-DCW in mixotrophic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Prospects of Algae-Derived Vitamins and Their Precursors for Sustainable Cosmeceuticals. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic algae are a rich source of a wide range of bioproducts intended to compete for a sizable global market share. Thanks to the gradual shift towards the use of natural products, microalgae-derived bioactive compounds offer an ecofriendly and vegan option to the cosmeceutical sector, whose products aim to improve skin health but currently consist of mostly synthetic chemicals. In particular, algae-derived vitamins and their precursors are being explored and widely used in the cosmeceuticals industry as compounds that contain biologically active ingredients with therapeutic benefits. The present review highlights the current strategies for industrial production of an array of vitamins from algae for cosmeceutical applications. When compared to traditional plant sources, algae have been found to accumulate vitamins, such as A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C and E, in high concentrations. The purpose of this review is to provide context for the development of a green and sustainable algae-derived bioeconomy by summarizing and comparing the current market for vitamins and precursors derived from algae, as well as presenting novel strategies and key findings from the most recent research in this area. Emphasis is placed on novel biotechnological interventions that encompass genetic modifications, genetic engineering, and media development to enhance vitamin biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Cultivation of Tetraselmis striata to Produce Valuable Metabolic Compounds. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020480. [PMID: 36836837 PMCID: PMC9962084 DOI: 10.3390/life13020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are considered an important feedstock of multiple valuable metabolic compounds of high biotechnological potential. In this work, the marine microalga Tetraselmis striata was cultivated in different scaled photobioreactors (PBRs). Initially, experiments were performed using two different growth substrates (a modified F/2 and the commercial fertilizer Nutri-Leaf (30% TN-10% P-10% K)) to identify the most efficient and low-cost growth medium. These experiments took place in 4 L glass aquariums at the laboratory scale and in a 9 L vertical tubular pilot column. Enhanced biomass productivities (up to 83.2 mg L-1 d-1) and improved biomass composition (up to 41.8% d.w. proteins, 18.7% d.w. carbohydrates, 25.7% d.w. lipids and 4.2% d.w. total chlorophylls) were found when the fertilizer was used. Pilot-scale experiments were then performed using Nutri-Leaf as a growth medium in different PBRs: (a) a paddle wheel, open, raceway pond of 40 L, and (b) a disposable polyethylene (plastic) bag of 280 L working volume. Biomass growth and composition were also monitored at the pilot scale, showing that high-quality biomass can be produced, with important lipids (up to 27.6% d.w.), protein (up to 45.3% d.w.), carbohydrate (up to 15.5% d.w.) and pigment contents (up to 4.2% d.w. total chlorophylls), and high percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The research revealed that the strain successfully escalated in larger volumes and the biochemical composition of its biomass presents high commercial interest and could potentially be used as a feed ingredient.
Collapse
|
10
|
Trovão M, Schüler LM, Machado A, Bombo G, Navalho S, Barros A, Pereira H, Silva J, Freitas F, Varela J. Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:440. [PMID: 35877733 PMCID: PMC9318807 DOI: 10.3390/md20070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Trovão
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lisa M. Schüler
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Adriana Machado
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Sofia Navalho
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Ana Barros
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Drying Microalgae Using an Industrial Solar Dryer: A Biomass Quality Assessment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131873. [PMID: 35804687 PMCID: PMC9265921 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a promising resource of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other functional biomolecules for food and feed markets. Competitive drying solutions are required to meet future demands for high-quality algal biomass while ensuring proper preservation at reduced costs. Since often used drying methods, such as freeze or spray drying, are energy and time consuming, more sustainable processes remain to be developed. This study tested an indirect and hybrid solar dryer as an alternative to conventional freeze drying of industrially produced Tetraselmis chui and Nannochloropsis oceanica wet paste. The effects of the drying method on biomass quality parameters, including biochemical profiles, functional properties, and microbial safety, were assessed. No significant differences were found between the applied drying technologies for total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fatty acid profiles. On the other hand, some pigments showed significant differences, displaying up to 44.5% higher contents in freeze-dried samples. Minor differences were also registered in the mineral profiles (<10%). Analyses of microbial safety and functional properties of the solar-dried biomass appear adequate for food and feed products. In conclusion, industrial solar drying is a sustainable technology with a high potential to preserve high-quality microalgal biomass for various markets at expected lower costs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are an untapped source of bioactive compounds with various biotechnological applications. Several species are industrially produced and commercialized for the feed or cosmetic industries, however, other applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical markets can be foreseen. In this study, nine industrial/commercial species were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, calcium-chelating, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most promising extracts were fractionated yielding several promising fractions namely, of Tetraselmis striata CTP4 with anti-inflammatory activity (99.0 ± 0.8% reduction in TNF-α production in LPS stimulated human macrophages at 50 µg/mL), of Phaeodactylum Tricornutum with cytotoxicity towards cancerous cell lines (IC50 = 22.3 ± 1.8 μg/mL and 27.5 ± 1.6 μg/mL for THP-1 and HepG2, respectively) and of Porphyridium sp. and Skeletonema sp. with good chelating activity for iron, copper and calcium (IC50 = 0.047, 0.272, 0.0663 mg/mL and IC50 = 0.055, 0.240, 0.0850 mg/mL, respectively). These fractions were chemically characterized by GC–MS after derivatization and in all, fatty acids at various degrees of unsaturation were the most abundant compounds. Some of the species under study proved to be potentially valuable sources of antioxidant, metal chelators, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory compounds with possible application in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Qi Z, Fan Y, Tang Y, Zhou R. The concurrent production of lipid and lutein in Chlorella vulgaris triggered by light coupling nitrogen tactics. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|