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Yong KJ, Wu TY. Fractionation of oil palm fronds using ethanol-assisted deep eutectic solvent: Influence of ethanol concentration on enhancing enzymatic saccharification and lignin β-O-4 content. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118366. [PMID: 38331153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Numerous fractionation methods have been developed in recent years for separating components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from lignocellulosic biomass wastes. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been widely investigated as captivating green solvents for biomass fractionation. However, most acidic-based deep eutectic solvent fractionation produces condensed lignin with low β-O-4 content. Besides, most DESs exhibit high viscosity, which results in poor mass transfer properties. This study aimed to address the challenges above by incorporating ethanol into the deep eutectic solvent at various concentrations (10-50 wt%) to fractionate oil palm fronds at a mild condition, i.e., 80 °C, 1 atm. Cellulose residues fractionated with ethanol-assisted deep eutectic solvent showed a maximum glucose yield of 85.8% when 20 wt% of ethanol was incorporated in the deep eutectic solvent, significantly higher than that achieved by pure DES (44.8%). Lignin extracted with ethanol-assisted deep eutectic solvent is lighter in color and higher in β-O-4 contents (up to 44 β-O-4 per 100 aromatic units) than pure DES-extracted lignin. Overall, this study has demonstrated that incorporating ethanol into deep eutectic solvents could enhance the applicability of deep eutectic solvents in the complete valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Highly enzymatic digestible cellulose-rich solid and β-O-4-rich lignin attained from the fractionation could serve as sustainable precursors for the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Jie Yong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Plant Oils Research Laboratory (MIPO), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre for Net-Zero Technology, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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2
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Chettri D, Verma AK, Ghosh S, Verma AK. Biogas from lignocellulosic feedstock: current status and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1-26. [PMID: 37697197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The organic wastes and residues generated from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities have the potential to be converted to bioenergy. One such energy is biogas, which has already been included in rural areas as an alternative cooking energy source and agricultural activities. It is produced via anaerobic digestion of a wide range of organic nutrient sources and is an essential renewable energy source. The factors influencing biogas yield, i.e., the various substrate, their characteristics, pretreatment methods involved, different microbial types, sources, and inoculum properties, are analyzed. Furthermore, the optimization of these parameters, along with fermentation media optimization, such as optimum pH, temperature, and anaerobic digestion strategies, is discussed. Novel approaches of bioaugmentation, co-digestion, phase separation, co-supplementation, nanotechnology, and biorefinery approach have also been explored for biogas production. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of the process are discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India, 737102
| | - Ashwani Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shilpi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India, 734104
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India, 737102.
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Lakmini LMN, Deshan ADK, Bartley J, Rackemann D, Moghaddam L. One pot synthesis of furan-modified lignin from agricultural waste via lignin-first approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130728. [PMID: 38657827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated a lignin-first approach to produce furan-modified lignin from sugarcane bagasse (SB), rice hull (RH), and sunn hemp biomass (SHB) using 5 methylfurfural (MF) and 5 methul-2-furanmethanol (MFM). The reaction time (5 h) was selected based on the delignification of SB using methanol and Ru/C catalyst which yielded the highest hydroxyl content. Delignification of SB with various MF weight ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) revealed that 1:1 and 2:1 ratios produced the highest hydroxyl content (7.7 mmol/g) and bio-oil yield (23.2 % wt% total weight). Further exploration identified that RH and MF at 1:1 ratio and SHB and MF at a 2:1 ratio produced the highest hydroxyl content (13.0 mmol/g) and bio-oil yield (31.6 % wt% tot. weight). This study developed a one-step method to extract and modify lignin with furan compounds simultaneously while opening new avenues for developing value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loku Mannage N Lakmini
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy, School of Chemistry & Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Athukoralage Don K Deshan
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - John Bartley
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Darryn Rackemann
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy, School of Chemistry & Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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Khounani Z, Abdul Razak NN, Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Madadi M, Sun F, Mohammadi P, Mahlia TMI, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Biphasic pretreatment excels over conventional sulfuric acid in pinewood biorefinery: An environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118286. [PMID: 38280524 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the environmental impact of pine chip-based biorefinery processes, focusing on bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin production. A cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is employed, comparing a novel biphasic pretreatment method (p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)/pentanol, Sc-1) with conventional sulfuric acid pretreatment (H2SO4, Sc-2). The analysis spans biomass handling, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast fermentation, and distillation. Sc-1 yielded an environmental impact of 1.45E+01 kPt, predominantly affecting human health (96.55%), followed by ecosystems (3.07%) and resources (0.38%). Bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin contributed 32.61%, 29.28%, and 38.11% to the total environmental burdens, respectively. Sc-2 resulted in an environmental burden of 1.64E+01 kPt, with a primary impact on human health (96.56%) and smaller roles for ecosystems (3.07%) and resources (0.38%). Bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin contributed differently at 22.59%, 12.5%, and 64.91%, respectively. Electricity generation was predominant in both scenarios, accounting for 99.05% of the environmental impact, primarily driven by its extensive usage in biomass handling and pretreatment processes. Sc-1 demonstrated a 13.05% lower environmental impact than Sc-2 due to decreased electricity consumption and increased bioethanol and xylonic acid outputs. This study highlights the pivotal role of pretreatment methods in wood-based biorefineries and underscores the urgency of sustainable alternatives like TsOH/pentanol. Additionally, adopting greener electricity generation, advanced technologies, and process optimization are crucial for reducing the environmental footprint of waste-based biorefineries while preserving valuable bioproduct production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khounani
- Department Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering (CoE), Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenega Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normy Norfiza Abdul Razak
- Department Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering (CoE), Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenega Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Meysam Madadi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pouya Mohammadi
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2220, Australia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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Sonyeam J, Chaipanya R, Suksomboon S, Khan MJ, Amatariyakul K, Wibowo A, Posoknistakul P, Charnnok B, Liu CG, Laosiripojana N, Sakdaronnarong C. Process design for acidic and alcohol based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and high pressure homogenization of palm bunches for nanocellulose production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7550. [PMID: 38555319 PMCID: PMC10981746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study on nanocellulose production from palm bunch using process design and cost analysis. Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment was selected for high-purity cellulose separation at mild condition, followed by nano-fibrillation using mechanical treatment. Three types of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents employing different hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) namely lactic acid, 1,3-butanediol and oxalic acid were studied. The optimal cellulose extraction condition was choline chloride/lactic acid (ChLa80C) pretreatment of palm empty bunch at 80 °C followed by bleaching yielding 94.96%w/w cellulose content in product. Size reduction using ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization produced nanocellulose at 67.12%w/w based on cellulose in raw material. Different morphologies of nanocellulose were tunable in the forms of nanocrystals, nano-rods and nanofibers by using dissimilar deep eutectic solvents. This work offered a sustainable and environmentally friendly process as well as provided analysis of DES pretreatment and overview operating cost for nanocellulose production. Application of nanocellulose for the fabrication of highly functional and biodegradable material for nanomedicine, electronic, optical, and micromechanical devices is achievable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janejira Sonyeam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Chaipanya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Suksomboon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Amatariyakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Agung Wibowo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonya Charnnok
- Department of Specialized Engineering, Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chen Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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6
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Davidson DJ, Lu F, Faas L, Dawson DM, Warren GP, Panovic I, Montgomery JRD, Ma X, Bosilkov BG, Slawin AMZ, Lebl T, Chatzifragkou A, Robinson S, Ashbrook SE, Shaw LJ, Lambert S, Van Damme I, Gomez LD, Charalampopoulos D, Westwood NJ. Organosolv Pretreatment of Cocoa Pod Husks: Isolation, Analysis, and Use of Lignin from an Abundant Waste Product. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:14323-14333. [PMID: 37799817 PMCID: PMC10548466 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa pod husks (CPHs) represent an underutilized component of the chocolate manufacturing process. While industry's current focus is understandably on the cocoa beans, the husks make up around 75 wt % of the fruit. Previous studies have been dominated by the carbohydrate polymers present in CPHs, but this work highlights the presence of the biopolymer lignin in this biomass. An optimized organosolv lignin isolation protocol was developed, delivering significant practical improvements. This new protocol may also prove to be useful for agricultural waste-derived biomasses in general. NMR analysis of the high quality lignin led to an improved structural understanding, with evidence provided to support deacetylation of the lignin occurring during the optimized pretreatment. Chemical transformation, using a tosylation, azidation, copper-catalyzed click protocol, delivered a modified lignin oligomer with an organophosphorus motif attached. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to demonstrate the oligomer's potential as a flame-retardant. Preliminary analysis of the other product streams isolated from the CPHs was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Davidson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Faas
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Dawson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey P Warren
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Panovic
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James R D Montgomery
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Boris G Bosilkov
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Lebl
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Afroditi Chatzifragkou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Robinson
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Liz J Shaw
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Smilja Lambert
- Mars Wrigley Australia, Ring Road, Wendouree, VIC 3355, Australia
| | - Isabella Van Damme
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery UK Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4LG, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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