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Zhang C, Wu J, Sun Q, Ding S, Tao H, He Y, Qiu H, Shu B, Zhu D, Zhu H, Hong K. De novo production of bioactive sesterterpenoid ophiobolins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:129. [PMID: 38711040 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesterterpenoids are rare species among the terpenoids family. Ophiobolins are sesterterpenes with a 5-8-5 tricyclic skeleton. The oxidized ophiobolins exhibit significant cytotoxic activity and potential medicinal value. There is an urgent need for large amounts of ophiobolins supplication for drug development. The synthetic biology approach has been successfully employed in lots of terpene compound production and inspired us to develop a cell factory for ophiobolin biosynthesis. RESULTS We developed a systematic metabolic engineering strategy to construct an ophiobolin biosynthesis chassis based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The whole-cell biotransformation methods were further combined with metabolic engineering to enhance the expression of key ophiobolin biosynthetic genes and improve the supply of precursors and cofactors. A high yield of 5.1 g/L of ophiobolin F was reached using ethanol and fatty acids as substrates. To accumulate oxidized ophiobolins, we optimized the sources and expression conditions for P450-CPR and alleviated the toxicity of bioactive compounds to cells through PDR engineering. We unexpectedly obtained a novel ophiobolin intermediate with potent cytotoxicity, 5-hydroxy-21-formyl-ophiobolin F, and the known bioactive compound ophiobolin U. Finally, we achieved the ophiobolin U titer of 128.9 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS We established efficient cell factories based on S. cerevisiae, enabling de novo biosynthesis of the ophiobolin skeleton ophiobolin F and oxidized ophiobolins derivatives. This work has filled the gap in the heterologous biosynthesis of sesterterpenoids in S. cerevisiae and provided valuable solutions for new drug development based on sesterterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuhua He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bei Shu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Xu M, Yang N, Pan J, Hua Q, Li CX, Xu JH. Remodeling the Homologous Recombination Mechanism of Yarrowia lipolytica for High-Level Biosynthesis of Squalene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9984-9993. [PMID: 38635942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Squalene is a high-value antioxidant with many commercial applications. The use of microbial cell factories to produce squalene as an alternative to plant and animal extracts could meet increasing market demand. Yarrowia lipolytica is an excellent host for squalene production due to its high levels of acetyl-CoA and a hydrophobic environment. However, the need for precise and complicated gene editing has hindered the industrialization of this strain. Herein, the rapid construction of a strain with high squalene production was achieved by enhancing the homologous recombination efficiency in Y. lipolytica. First, remodeling of the homologous recombination efficiency resulted in a 10-fold increase in the homologous recombination rate. Next, the whole mevalonate pathway was integrated into the chromosome to enhance squalene production. Then, a higher level of squalene accumulation was achieved by increasing the level of acetyl coenzyme A and regulating the downstream steroid synthesis pathway. Finally, the squalene production reached 35 g/L after optimizing the fermentation conditions and performing a fed-batch culture in a 5 L jar fermenter. This is the highest squalene production ever reported to date by de novo biosynthesis without adding any inhibitors, paving a new path toward the industrial production of squalene and its downstream products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Ning Y, Liu M, Ru Z, Zeng W, Liu S, Zhou J. Efficient synthesis of squalene by cytoplasmic-peroxisomal engineering and regulating lipid metabolism in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130379. [PMID: 38281547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Squalene, a high-value acyclic triterpenoid compound, is broadly used in the food and medical industries. Although the large acetyl-CoA pool and hydrophobic space of Yarrowia lipolytica are suitable for the accumulation of squalene, the current production level in Y. lipolytica is still not sufficient for industrial production. In this study, two rounds of multicopy integration of genes encoding key enzymes were performed to enhance squalene anabolic flux in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the mevalonate pathway was imported into peroxisomes through the compartmentalization strategy, and the production of squalene was significantly increased. By augmenting the acetyl-CoA supply in peroxisomes and the cytoplasm, the squalene was boosted to 2549.1 mg/L. Finally, the squalene production reached 51.2 g/L by fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor. This is the highest squalene production reported to date for microbial production, and this study lays the foundation for the synthesis of steroids and squalene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ning
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ziyun Ru
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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