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Sakata T. Technical Perspectives on Applications of Biologically Coupled Gate Field-Effect Transistors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4991. [PMID: 35808482 PMCID: PMC9269775 DOI: 10.3390/s22134991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing technologies are required for point-of-care testing (POCT). We determine some physical parameters such as molecular charge and mass, redox potential, and reflective index for measuring biological phenomena. Among such technologies, biologically coupled gate field-effect transistor (Bio-FET) sensors are a promising candidate as a type of potentiometric biosensor for the POCT because they enable the direct detection of ionic and biomolecular charges in a miniaturized device. However, we need to reconsider some technical issues of Bio-FET sensors to expand their possible use for biosensing in the future. In this perspective, the technical issues of Bio-FET sensors are pointed out, focusing on the shielding effect, pH signals, and unique parameters of FETs for biosensing. Moreover, other attractive features of Bio-FET sensors are described in this perspective, such as the integration and the semiconductive materials used for the Bio-FET sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Poghossian A, Schöning MJ. Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195639. [PMID: 33023133 PMCID: PMC7584023 DOI: 10.3390/s20195639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshak Poghossian
- MicroNanoBio, Liebigstr. 4, 40479 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.J.S.)
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3
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Sakata T. Biologically Coupled Gate Field-Effect Transistors Meet in Vitro Diagnostics. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11852-11862. [PMID: 31460295 PMCID: PMC6682067 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, recent works on biologically coupled gate field-effect transistor (bio-FET) sensors are introduced and compared to provide a perspective. Most biological phenomena are closely related to behaviors of ions and biomolecules. This is why biosensing devices for detecting ionic and biomolecular charges contribute to the direct analysis of biological phenomena in a label-free and enzyme-free manner. Potentiometric biosensors such as bio-FET sensors, which allow the direct detection of these charges on the basis of the field effect, meet this requirement and have been developed as simple devices for in vitro diagnostics (IVD). A variety of biological ionic behaviors generated by biomolecular recognition events and cellular activities are being targeted for clinical diagnostics as well as the study of neuroscience using the bio-FET sensors. To realize these applications, bioelectrical interfaces should be formed between the electrolyte solution and the gate electrode by modifying artificially synthesized and biomimetic membranes, resulting in the selective detection of targets based on intrinsic molecular charges. Various types of semiconducting materials, not only inorganic semiconductors but also organic semiconductors, can be selected for use in bio-FET sensors, depending on the application field. In addition, a semiconductor integrated circuit device is ideal for the massively parallel detection of multiple samples. Thus, platforms based on bio-FET sensors are suitable for use in simple and miniaturized electrical circuit systems for IVD to enable the prevention and early detection of diseases.
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4
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Bhattacharyya IM, Cohen S, Shalabny A, Bashouti M, Akabayov B, Shalev G. Specific and label-free immunosensing of protein-protein interactions with silicon-based immunoFETs. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:143-161. [PMID: 30870641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of specific and label-free detection of proteins via antigen-antibody interactions for the development of point-of-care testing devices has greatly influenced the search for a more accessible, sensitive, low cost and robust sensors. The vision of silicon field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors has been an attractive venue for addressing the challenge as it potentially offers a natural path to incorporate sensors with the existing mature Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) industry; this provides a stable and reliable technology, low cost for potential disposable devices, the potential for extreme minituarization, low electronic noise levels, etc. In the current review we focus on silicon-based immunological FET (ImmunoFET) for specific and label-free sensing of proteins through antigen-antibody interactions that can potentially be incorporated into the CMOS industry; hence, immunoFETs based on nano devices (nanowire, nanobelts, carbon nanotube, etc.) are not treated here. The first part of the review provides an overview of immunoFET principles of operation and challenges involved with the realization of such devices (i.e. e.g. Debye length, surface functionalization, noise, etc.). In the second part we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art silicon-based immunoFET structures and novelty, principles of operation and sensing performance reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ie Mei Bhattacharyya
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shira Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Awad Shalabny
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Seder Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Muhammad Bashouti
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Seder Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000 Sede Boqer, Israel; The Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gil Shalev
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; The Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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5
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Kajisa T, Sakata T. Molecularly Imprinted Artificial Biointerface for an Enzyme-Free Glucose Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34983-34990. [PMID: 30234958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A platform based on a highly selective and sensitive detection device functionalized with a well-designed artificial biointerface is required for versatile biosensors. We develop a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated gate field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor for low-concentration glucose detection in biological fluid samples such as tears in an enzyme-free manner. The MIP includes glucose templates (GluMIP), in which glucose binds to vinylphenylboronic acid in the copolymerized membrane, resulting in the change in the density of molecular charges of the phenylboronic acid (PBA)/glucose complex. The FET biosensor can detect small biomolecules as long as biomolecular recognition events cause intrinsic changes in the density of molecular charges. As a result, the changes in the output voltage detected using the GluMIP-based FET sensor are fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation at various concentrations of sugars, showing the low detection limit of 3 μM and the high sensitivity of 115 mV/decade from 100 μM to 4 mM glucose. On the basis of the equation, the stability constant ( Ka) of PBA with glucose is calculated and found to markedly increase to Ka = 1192 M-1, which is higher by a factor of a few hundreds than Ka = 4.6 M-1 obtained by nonelectrical detection methods. Moreover, the GluMIP-coated gate FET sensor shows an approximately 200-fold higher selectivity for glucose than for fructose. This is because glucose binds to PBA more selectively than fructose in the templates, resulting in the generation of negative charges. The electrical properties of the MIP-coated electrode are also evaluated by measuring capacitance. Our work suggests a new strategy of designing a platform based on the MIP-coated gate FET biosensor, which is suitable for a highly selective, sensitive, enzyme-free biosensing system.
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6
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Kajisa T, Yanagimoto Y, Saito A, Sakata T. Biocompatible Poly(catecholamine)-Film Electrode for Potentiometric Cell Sensing. ACS Sens 2018; 3:476-483. [PMID: 29359919 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface-coated poly(catecholamine) (pCA) films have attracted attention as biomaterial interfaces owing to their biocompatible and physicochemical characteristics. In this paper, we report that pCA-film-coated electrodes are useful for potentiometric biosensing devices. Four different types of pCA film, l-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, with thicknesses in the range of 7-27 nm were electropolymerized by oxidation on Au electrodes by using cyclic voltammetry. By using the pCA-film electrodes, the pH responsivities were found to be 39.3-47.7 mV/pH within the pH range of 1.68 to 10.01 on the basis of the equilibrium reaction with hydrogen ions and the functional groups of the pCAs. The pCA films suppressed nonspecific signals generated by other ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+) and proteins such as albumin. Thus, the pCA-film electrodes can be used in pH-sensitive and pH-selective biosensors. HeLa cells were cultivated on the surface of the pCA-film electrodes to monitor cellular activities. The surface potential of the pCA-film electrodes changed markedly because of cellular activity; therefore, the change in the hydrogen ion concentration around the cell/pCA-film interface could be monitored in real time. This was caused by carbon dioxide or lactic acid that is generated by cellular respiration and dissolves in the culture medium, resulting in the change of hydrogen concentration. pCA-film electrodes are suitable for use in biocompatible and pH-responsive biosensors, enabling the more selective detection of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Kajisa
- PROVIGATE
Inc., Entrepreneur Plaza, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yanagimoto
- PROVIGATE
Inc., Entrepreneur Plaza, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sakata
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Yang H, Honda M, Saito A, Kajisa T, Yanase Y, Sakata T. Nonoptical Detection of Allergic Response with a Cell-Coupled Gate Field-Effect Transistor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12918-12923. [PMID: 29116752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Yang
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Honda
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taira Kajisa
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yanase
- Department
of Dermatology, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School
of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sakata
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4335-4352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Surface modification of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and titanium oxynitride for lactate dehydrogenase immobilization. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:134-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Maekawa Y, Shibuta Y, Sakata T. Effect of double-stranded DNA on electrical double layer structure at oxide/electrolyte interface in classical molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Maekawa Y, Shibuta Y, Sakata T. Distinctive Potential Behavior at the Oxidized Surface of a Semiconductor Device in a Concentrated Aqueous Salt Solution. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Kumar P, Maikap S, Prakash A, Tien TC. Time-dependent pH sensing phenomena using CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in EIS structure. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:179. [PMID: 24725352 PMCID: PMC3991880 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent pH sensing phenomena of the core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) sensors in EIS (electrolyte insulator semiconductor) structure have been investigated for the first time. The quantum dots are immobilized by chaperonin GroEL protein, which are observed by both atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. The diameter of one QD is approximately 6.5 nm. The QDs are not oxidized over a long time and core-shell CdSe/ZnS are confirmed by X-ray photon spectroscopy. The sensors are studied for sensing of hydrogen ions concentration in different buffer solutions at broad pH range of 2 to 12. The QD sensors show improved sensitivity (38 to 55 mV/pH) as compared to bare SiO2 sensor (36 to 23 mV/pH) with time period of 0 to 24 months, owing to the reduction of defects in the QDs. Therefore, the differential sensitivity of the QD sensors with respect to the bare SiO2 sensors is improved from 2 to 32 mV/pH for the time period of 0 to 24 months. After 24 months, the sensitivity of the QD sensors is close to ideal Nernstian response with good linearity of 99.96%. Stability and repeatability of the QD sensors show low drift (10 mV for 10 cycles) as well as small hysteresis characteristics (<10 mV). This QD sensor is very useful for future human disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Thin Film Nano Technology Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Taiwan
| | - Siddheswar Maikap
- Thin Film Nano Technology Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Taiwan
- Bio-Sensor Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Taiwan
| | - Amit Prakash
- Thin Film Nano Technology Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chang Tien
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
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13
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Goda T, Singi AB, Maeda Y, Matsumoto A, Torimura M, Aoki H, Miyahara Y. Label-free potentiometry for detecting DNA hybridization using peptide nucleic acid and DNA probes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:2267-78. [PMID: 23435052 PMCID: PMC3649381 DOI: 10.3390/s130202267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) has outstanding affinity over DNA for complementary nucleic acid sequences by forming a PNA-DNA heterodimer upon hybridization via Watson-Crick base-pairing. To verify whether PNA probes on an electrode surface enhance sensitivity for potentiometric DNA detection or not, we conducted a comparative study on the hybridization of PNA and DNA probes on the surface of a 10-channel gold electrodes microarray. Changes in the charge density as a result of hybridization at the solution/electrode interface on the self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-formed microelectrodes were directly transformed into potentiometric signals using a high input impedance electrometer. The charge readout allows label-free, reagent-less, and multi-parallel detection of target oligonucleotides without any optical assistance. The differences in the probe lengths between 15- to 22-mer dramatically influenced on the sensitivity of the PNA and DNA sensors. Molecular type of the capturing probe did not affect the degree of potential shift. Theoretical model for charged rod-like duplex using the Gouy-Chapman equation indicates the dominant effect of electrostatic attractive forces between anionic DNA and underlying electrode at the electrolyte/electrode interface in the potentiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; E-Mails: (T.G.); (A.B.S.); (Y.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ankit Balram Singi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; E-Mails: (T.G.); (A.B.S.); (Y.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; E-Mails: (T.G.); (A.B.S.); (Y.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; E-Mails: (T.G.); (A.B.S.); (Y.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Masaki Torimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; E-Mails: (T.G.); (A.B.S.); (Y.M.); (A.M.)
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14
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical DNA biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3705-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Fahrenkopf NM, Rice PZ, Bergkvist M, Deskins NA, Cady NC. Immobilization mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to hafnium dioxide (HfO2) surfaces for biosensing applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:5360-5368. [PMID: 22947770 DOI: 10.1021/am3013032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of biomolecular probes to the sensing substrate is a critical step for biosensor fabrication. In this work we investigated the phosphate-dependent, oriented immobilization of DNA to hafnium dioxide surfaces for biosensing applications. Phosphate-dependent immobilization was confirmed on a wide range of hafnium oxide surfaces; however, a second interaction mode was observed on monoclinic hafnium dioxide. On the basis of previous materials studies on these films, DNA immobilization studies, and density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we propose that this secondary interaction is between the exposed nucleobases of single stranded DNA and the surface. The lattice spacing of monoclinic hafnium dioxide matches the base-to-base pitch of DNA. Monoclinic hafnium dioxide is advantageous for nanoelectronic applications, yet because of this secondary DNA immobilization mechanism, it could impede DNA hybridization or cause nonspecific surface intereactions. Nonetheless, DNA immobilization on polycrystalline and amorphous hafnium dioxide is predominately mediated by the terminal phosphate in an oriented manner which is desirable for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Fahrenkopf
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, USA
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17
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An array of field-effect nanoplate SOI capacitors for (bio-)chemical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3023-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Venturini A, Zerbetto F. Dynamics of a lipid bilayer induced by electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9216-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Tokuda T, Noda T, Sasagawa K, Ohta J. Optical and Electric Multifunctional CMOS Image Sensors for On-Chip Biosensing Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 4:84-102. [PMID: 28879978 PMCID: PMC5448479 DOI: 10.3390/ma4010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the concept, design, performance, and a functional demonstration of multifunctional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors dedicated to on-chip biosensing applications are described. We developed a sensor architecture that allows flexible configuration of a sensing pixel array consisting of optical and electric sensing pixels, and designed multifunctional CMOS image sensors that can sense light intensity and electric potential or apply a voltage to an on-chip measurement target. We describe the sensors' architecture on the basis of the type of electric measurement or imaging functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tokuda
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanba, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Noda
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
| | - Jun Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
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20
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Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor for biological sensing. SENSORS 2009; 9:7111-31. [PMID: 22423205 PMCID: PMC3290489 DOI: 10.3390/s90907111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been great progress in applying FET-type biosensors for highly sensitive biological detection. Among them, the ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) is one of the most intriguing approaches in electrical biosensing technology. Here, we review some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, explore its application prospects, and discuss the main issues, approaches, and challenges, with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing ISFET-based biosensors and extending their applications for reliable and sensitive analysis of various biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, enzymes, and cells.
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21
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Ciampi S, Eggers PK, Le Saux G, James M, Harper JB, Gooding JJ. Silicon (100) electrodes resistant to oxidation in aqueous solutions: an unexpected benefit of surface acetylene moieties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2530-2539. [PMID: 19159188 DOI: 10.1021/la803710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the functionalization of alkyne-terminated alkyl monolayers on highly doped Si(100) using "click" reactions to immobilize ferrocene derivatives. The reaction of hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces with a diyne species was shown to afford very robust functional surfaces where the oxidation of the underlying substrate was negligible. Detailed characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray reflectometry, and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the surface acetylenes had reacted in moderate yield to give surfaces exposing ferrocene moieties. Upon extensive exposure of the redox-active architecture to oxidative environments during preparative and characterization steps, no evidence of SiOx contaminants was shown for derivatized SAMs prepared from single-component 1,8-nonadiyne, fully acetylenylated, monolayers. An analysis of the redox behavior of the prepared Si(100) electrodes based on relevant parameters such as peak splitting and position and shape of the reduction/oxidation waves depicted a well-behaved redox architecture whose spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were not significantly altered even after prolonged cycling in aqueous media between -100 and 800 mV versus Ag|AgCl. The reported strategy represents an experimentally simple approach for the preparation of silicon-based electrodes where, in addition to close-to-ideal redox behavior, remarkable electrode stability can be achieved. Both the presence of a distal alkyne moiety and temperatures of formation above 100 degrees C were required to achieve this surface stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciampi
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Ciampi S, Le Saux G, Harper J, Gooding J. Optimization of Click Chemistry of Ferrocene Derivatives on Acetylene‐Functionalized Silicon(100) Surfaces. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The selection of aptamers-nucleic acids that specifically bind low-molecular-weight substrates or proteins-by the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) procedure has attracted recent efforts directed to the development of new specific recognition units. In particular, extensive activities have been directed to the application of aptamers as versatile materials for the design of biosensors. The Minireview summarizes the recent accomplishments in developing electronic aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors), which include electrochemical, field-effect transistor, and microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance sensors, and describes methods to develop amplified aptasensor devices and label-free aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Sakata T, Maruyama S, Ueda A, Otsuka H, Miyahara Y. Stable immobilization of an oligonucleotide probe on a gold substrate using tripodal thiol derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:2269-72. [PMID: 17269799 DOI: 10.1021/la0616193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We proposed an interface molecule for immobilization of DNA probes on solid substrates of DNA chips. We have designed and synthesized tripodal thiol derivatives for stable immobilization of oligonucleotide probes on a gold surface. On the basis of the tetrahedral structure of tripod, the tripodal thiol derivatives were bonded upright to the gold substrate, which would control the orientation of oligonucleotide probes. When the gold substrate with oligonucleotide probes tethered using the thiol derivatives was exposed to deionized water at higher temperatures, the tripodal interface molecules were attached to the gold surface more stably than the single contact molecules. The DNA chip platform combined with the functional interface molecule is suitable for a reproducible, inexpensive, and high-throughput detection system for genetic analyses in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Schöning M, Poghossian A. Bio FEDs (Field-Effect Devices): State-of-the-Art and New Directions. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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