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Sun A, Phelps T, Yao C, Venkatesh AG, Conrad D, Hall DA. Smartphone-Based pH Sensor for Home Monitoring of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17061245. [PMID: 28556804 PMCID: PMC5491989 DOI: 10.3390/s17061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients lack the ability to track their lung health at home, relying instead on doctor checkups leading to delayed treatment and lung damage. By leveraging the ubiquity of the smartphone to lower costs and increase portability, a smartphone-based peripheral pH measurement device was designed to attach directly to the headphone port to harvest power and communicate with a smartphone application. This platform was tested using prepared pH buffers and sputum samples from CF patients. The system matches within ~0.03 pH of a benchtop pH meter while fully powering itself and communicating with a Samsung Galaxy S3 smartphone paired with either a glass or Iridium Oxide (IrOx) electrode. The IrOx electrodes were found to have 25% higher sensitivity than the glass probes at the expense of larger drift and matrix sensitivity that can be addressed with proper calibration. The smartphone-based platform has been demonstrated as a portable replacement for laboratory pH meters, and supports both highly robust glass probes and the sensitive and miniature IrOx electrodes with calibration. This tool can enable more frequent pH sputum tracking for CF patients to help detect the onset of pulmonary exacerbation to provide timely and appropriate treatment before serious damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tom Phelps
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Chengyang Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - A G Venkatesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Douglas Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Syedmoradi L, Daneshpour M, Alvandipour M, Gomez FA, Hajghassem H, Omidfar K. Point of care testing: The impact of nanotechnology. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:373-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sajid MI, Jamshaid U, Jamshaid T, Zafar N, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Carbon nanotubes from synthesis to in vivo biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:278-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ocaña C, Lukic S, del Valle M. Aptamer-antibody sandwich assay for cytochrome c employing an MWCNT platform and electrochemical impedance. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Label free aptasensor for Lysozyme detection: A comparison of the analytical performance of two aptamers. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 105:72-7. [PMID: 26011131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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García-Mendiola T, Barreiro Martínez T, Pariente F, Molano J, Lorenzo E. Screening of Specific Gene Mutations Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ocaña C, del Valle M. Signal amplification for thrombin impedimetric aptasensor: sandwich protocol and use of gold-streptavidin nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:408-14. [PMID: 24296061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a highly specific amplification strategy demonstrated for the ultrasensitive biosensing of thrombin with the use of gold-streptavidin nanoparticles (strep-AuNPs) and silver reduction enhancement. The biotinylated aptamer of thrombin was immobilized onto an avidin-graphite epoxy composite (AvGEC) electrode surface by affinity interaction between biotin and avidin; electrochemical impedance measurements were performed in a solution containing the redox marker ferrocyanide/ferricyanide. The change in interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct) experimented by the redox marker, was recorded to confirm aptamer complex formation with target protein, thrombin (Thr), in a label-free first stage. A biotinylated second thrombin aptamer, with complementary recognition properties was then used in a sandwich approach. The addition of strep-AuNPs and silver enhancement treatment led to a further increment of Rct thus obtaining significant signal amplification. The AptThrBio1-Thr-AptThrBio2 sandwich formation was inspected by confocal microcopy after incubation with streptavidin quantum dots. In order to visualize the presence of gold nanoparticles, the same silver enhancement treatment was applied to electrodes already modified with the nanoparticle-sandwich conjugate, allowing direct observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed high sensitivity and selectivity for thrombin detection, with an improvement from ca. 4.7 pM in a simple assay to 0.3 pM in the amplified reported scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ocaña
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manel del Valle
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Loo AH, Bonanni A, Pumera M. Biorecognition on graphene: physical, covalent, and affinity immobilization methods exhibiting dramatic differences. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:198-203. [PMID: 23090869 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of biorecognition layers on the surface of a sensing platform is a very crucial step for the development of sensitive and selective biosensors. Different protocols have been used thus far for the immobilization of biomolecules onto various electrode surfaces. In this work, we investigate how the protocol followed for the immobilization of a DNA aptamer affects the performance of the fabricated thrombin aptasensor. Specifically, the differences in selectivity and optimum amount of immobilized aptamer of the fabricated aptasensors adopting either physical, covalent, or affinity immobilization were compared. It was discovered that while all three methods of immobilization uniformly show a similar optimum amount of immobilized aptamer, physical, and covalent immobilization methods exhibit higher selectivity than affinity immobilization. Hence, it is believed that our findings are very important in order to optimize and improve the performance of graphene-based aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Huiling Loo
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Rohrbach F, Karadeniz H, Erdem A, Famulok M, Mayer G. Label-free impedimetric aptasensor for lysozyme detection based on carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed electrodes. Anal Biochem 2011; 421:454-9. [PMID: 22200651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on the direct electrochemical detection of aptamer-protein interactions, namely between a DNA aptamer and lysozyme (LYS) based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. First, the affinity of the aptamer to LYS and control proteins was presented by using filter retention assay. An amino-modified version of the DNA aptamer-recognizing lysozyme was covalently immobilized on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed electrodes (MWCNT-SPEs), which were employed for measurements and have improved properties compared with bare SPEs. This carbon nanotube setup enabled the reliable monitoring of the interaction of lysozyme with its cognate aptamer by EIS transduction of the resistance to charge transfer (R(ct)) in the presence of 2.5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻/⁴⁻. This assay system provides a means for the label-free, concentration-dependent, and selective detection of lysozyme with an observed detection limit of 12.09 μg/ml (equal to 862 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Rohrbach
- LIMES Institute, Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Electrochemical molecular beacon DNA biosensor for the detection and discrimination of the DF508 cystic fibrosis mutation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. The application of carbon nanotubes in target drug delivery systems for cancer therapies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:555. [PMID: 21995320 PMCID: PMC3210734 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Among all cancer treatment options, chemotherapy continues to play a major role in killing free cancer cells and removing undetectable tumor micro-focuses. Although chemotherapies are successful in some cases, systemic toxicity may develop at the same time due to lack of selectivity of the drugs for cancer tissues and cells, which often leads to the failure of chemotherapies. Obviously, the therapeutic effects will be revolutionarily improved if human can deliver the anticancer drugs with high selectivity to cancer cells or cancer tissues. This selective delivery of the drugs has been called target treatment. To realize target treatment, the first step of the strategies is to build up effective target drug delivery systems. Generally speaking, such a system is often made up of the carriers and drugs, of which the carriers play the roles of target delivery. An ideal carrier for target drug delivery systems should have three pre-requisites for their functions: (1) they themselves have target effects; (2) they have sufficiently strong adsorptive effects for anticancer drugs to ensure they can transport the drugs to the effect-relevant sites; and (3) they can release the drugs from them in the effect-relevant sites, and only in this way can the treatment effects develop. The transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with appropriate surface modifications and their unique physicochemical properties show great promise to meet the three pre-requisites. Here, we review the progress in the study on the application of carbon nanotubes as target carriers in drug delivery systems for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxu Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Nanotechnology Research Center for Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingge Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Bonanni A, Pumera M. Graphene platform for hairpin-DNA-based impedimetric genosensing. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2356-2361. [PMID: 21355609 DOI: 10.1021/nn200091p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is enormous need for sensitive and selective detection of single nucleotide polymorphism of a DNA strand as this issue is related to many major diseases and disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. To achieve sensitivity and selectivity of the detection, a highly sensitive transducer of the signal with high surface area is required. In this work we employ a graphene platform to combine the sensitivity of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with the high selectivity of hairpin-shaped DNA probes for the rapid detection of single nucleotide polymorphism correlated to the development of Alzheimer's disease. We investigate the influence of various graphene platforms consisting of different numbers of same-sized graphene layers. We believe that our findings are an important step toward highly sensitive and selective sensing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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Baptista PV, Doria G, Quaresma P, Cavadas M, Neves CS, Gomes I, Eaton P, Pereira E, Franco R. Nanoparticles in molecular diagnostics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:427-88. [PMID: 22093226 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the available and emerging molecular diagnostic methods that take advantage of the unique nanoscale properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the sensitivity, detection capabilities, ease of operation, and portability of the biodetection assemblies. The focus will be on noble metal NPs, especially gold NPs, fluorescent NPs, especially quantum dots, and magnetic NPs, the three main players in the development of probes for biological sensing. The chapter is divided into four sections: a first section covering the unique physicochemical properties of NPs of relevance for their utilization in molecular diagnostics; the second section dedicated to applications of NPs in molecular diagnostics by nucleic acid detection; and the third section with major applications of NPs in the area of immunoassays. Finally, a concluding section highlights the most promising advances in the area and presents future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V Baptista
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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