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Gunasekaran BM, Srinivasan S, Ezhilan M, Nesakumar N. Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119715. [PMID: 38735514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oxidative DNA damage, and viral infections are all significant and major health threats to human health, presenting substantial challenges in early diagnosis. In this regard, a wide range of nucleic acid-based electrochemical platforms have been widely employed as point-of-care diagnostics in health care and biosensing technologies. This review focuses on biosensor design strategies, underlying principles involved in the development of advanced electrochemical genosensing devices, approaches for immobilizing DNA on electrode surfaces, as well as their utility in early disease diagnosis, with a particular emphasis on cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogen detection. Notably, the role of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces employed in the design and development of advanced electrochemical genosensors for recognizing biomarkers related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogens has been extensively reviewed. Finally, challenges associated with the fabrication of nucleic acid-based biosensors to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit have been addressed. We believe that this review will provide valuable information for scientists and bioengineers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the fabrication and functionality of nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for biomedical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soorya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 503, India
| | - Madeshwari Ezhilan
- Department of biomedical engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang F, Li X, Liu Z, Zhao X, Zhao C, Hou G, Liu Q, Liu X. A Magnetic-Optical Triple-Mode Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Respiratory Adenovirus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2059-2067. [PMID: 38258754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Human respiratory adenovirus (ADV) is a highly infectious respiratory virus with potential for pandemics. There are currently no specific drugs to treat ADV worldwide, so early rapid detection of ADV infection is essential. In this study, we developed an innovative magnetic-optical triple-mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using magnetic quantum dots as immunomarkers. This novel approach addresses the need for rapid and accurate ADV detection, allowing for multimodal quantitative/semiquantitative analysis of magnetic, fluorescent, and visible signals within a mere 15 min. The lower limit of detection (LOD) for magnetic, fluorescent, and visual signals was determined to be 5.6 × 103, 1.2 × 103, and 1.95 × 104 copies/mL, respectively. The detection range for ADV using this approach was 1.2 × 103-5 × 107 copies/mL. Additionally, semiquantitative analysis, which is user-friendly and does not necessitate specialized equipment, was successfully implemented. Notably, seven respiratory viruses showed no cross-reactivity with the generated LFIA test strips. The intrabatch repeatability exhibited a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 5%, while the interbatch repeatability had a CV of less than 15%. Furthermore, recovery values ranged from 95% to 106.8% for samples analyzed concurrently with dual signals at the same spiking concentration. The assay developed in this study boasts a wide detection range and exceptional sensitivity and specificity. This technique is exceptionally well-suited for on-site rapid detection, with the potential for personal self-testing and early ADV infection diagnosis. Its versatility extends to a broad array of application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zhining Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Changxu Zhao
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guangzheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
- Jinzhou Medical University Huludao Central Hospital Teaching Base, Huludao 125001,PR China
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Monteil S, Casson AJ, Jones ST. Electronic and electrochemical viral detection for point-of-care use: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258002. [PMID: 34591907 PMCID: PMC8483417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a focus towards simpler and faster detection methods, specifically through the use of electronic-based detection at the point-of-care. Point-of-care sensors play a particularly important role in the detection of viruses. Tests can be performed in the field or in resource limited regions in a simple manner and short time frame, allowing for rapid treatment. Electronic based detection allows for speed and quantitative detection not otherwise possible at the point-of-care. Such approaches are largely based upon voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors, and similar electrical techniques. Here, we systematically review electronic and electrochemical point-of-care sensors for the detection of human viral pathogens. Using the reported limits of detection and assay times we compare approaches both by detection method and by the target analyte of interest. Compared to recent scoping and narrative reviews, this systematic review which follows established best practice for evidence synthesis adds substantial new evidence on 1) performance and 2) limitations, needed for sensor uptake in the clinical arena. 104 relevant studies were identified by conducting a search of current literature using 7 databases, only including original research articles detecting human viruses and reporting a limit of detection. Detection units were converted to nanomolars where possible in order to compare performance across devices. This approach allows us to identify field effect transistors as having the fastest median response time, and as being the most sensitive, some achieving single-molecule detection. In general, we found that antigens are the quickest targets to detect. We also observe however, that reports are highly variable in their chosen metrics of interest. We suggest that this lack of systematisation across studies may be a major bottleneck in sensor development and translation. Where appropriate, we use the findings of the systematic review to give recommendations for best reporting practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Monteil
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Pilevar M, Kim KT, Lee WH. Recent advances in biosensors for detecting viruses in water and wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124656. [PMID: 33308919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As there is a considerable number of virus particles in wastewater which cause numerous infectious diseases, it is necessary to eliminate viruses from domestic wastewater before it is released in the environment. In addition, on-site detection of viruses in wastewater can provide information on possible virus exposures in the community of a given wastewater catchment. For this purpose, the pre-detection of different strains of viruses in wastewaters is an essential environmental step. Epidemiological studies illustrate that viruses are the most challenging pathogens to be detected in water samples because of their nano sizes, discrete distribution, and low infective doses. Over the past decades, several methods have been applied for the detection of waterborne viruses which include polymerase chain reaction-based methods (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA). Although they have shown acceptable performance in virus measurements, their drawbacks such as complicated and time-consuming procedures, low sensitivity, and high analytical cost call for alternatives. Although biosensors are still in an early stage for practical applications, they have shown great potential to become an alternative means for virus detection in water and wastewater. This comprehensive review addresses the different types of viruses found in water and the recent development of biosensors for detecting waterborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Pilevar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Keug Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18323, South Korea
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Schulze H, Arnott A, Libori A, Obaje EA, Bachmann TT. Temperature-Enhanced mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene Detection with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Biosensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6025-6033. [PMID: 33819015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is now one of the biggest threats humankind is facing, as highlighted in a declaration by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2016. In particular, the growing resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria cause increasing concerns. The occurrence of the easily transferable, plasmid-encoded mcr-1 colistin resistance gene further worsened the situation, significantly enhancing the risk of the occurrence of pan-resistant bacteria. There is therefore a strong demand for new rapid molecular diagnostic tests for the detection of mcr-1 gene-associated colistin resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a well-suited method for rapid antimicrobial resistance detection as it enables rapid, label-free target detection in a cost-efficient manner. Here, we describe the development of an EIS-based mcr-1 gene detection test, including the design of mcr-1-specific peptide nucleic acid probes and assay specificity optimization through temperature-controlled real-time kinetic EIS measurements. A new flow cell measurement setup enabled for the first time detailed real-time, kinetic temperature-controlled hybridization and dehybridization studies of EIS-based nucleic acid biosensors. The temperature-controlled EIS setup allowed single-nucleotide polymorphism discrimination. Target hybridization at 60 °C enhanced the perfect match/mismatch (PM/MM) discrimination ratio from 2.1 at room temperature to 3.4. A hybridization and washing temperature of 55 °C further increased the PM/MM discrimination ratio to 5.7 by diminishing the mismatch signal during the washing step while keeping the perfect match signal. This newly developed mcr-1 gene detection test enabled the direct, specific label, and amplification-free detection of mcr-1 gene harboring plasmids from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schulze
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Andrew Arnott
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Adriana Libori
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Eleojo A Obaje
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
| | - Till T Bachmann
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K
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Wang C, Wang C, Wang X, Wang K, Zhu Y, Rong Z, Wang W, Xiao R, Wang S. Magnetic SERS Strip for Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Respiratory Viruses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19495-19505. [PMID: 31058488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and early diagnosis of respiratory viruses is key to preventing infections from spreading and guiding treatments. Here, we developed a sensitive and quantitative surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based lateral flow immunoassay (SERS-based LFIA) strip for simultaneous detection of influenza A H1N1 virus and human adenovirus (HAdV) by using Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles as magnetic SERS nanotags. The new type of Fe3O4@Ag magnetic tags, which were conjugated with dual-layer Raman dye molecules and target virus-capture antibodies, performs the following functions: specific recognition and magnetic enrichment of target viruses in the solution and SERS detection of the viruses on the strip. Based on this strategy, the magnetic SERS strip can directly be used for real biological samples without any sample pretreatment steps. The limits of detection for H1N1 and HAdV were 50 and 10 pfu/mL, respectively, which were 2000 times more sensitive than those from the standard colloidal gold strip method. Moreover, the proposed strip is easy to operate, rapid, stable, and can achieve high throughput and is thus a potential tool for early detection of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoguang Wang
- College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan 250355 , P. R. China
| | - Keli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | | | - Rui Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Disease , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan 250355 , P. R. China
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7
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Anantha-Iyengar G, Shanmugasundaram K, Nallal M, Lee KP, Whitcombe MJ, Lakshmi D, Sai-Anand G. Functionalized conjugated polymers for sensing and molecular imprinting applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Pali M, Suni II. Impedance Detection of 3‐Phenoxybenzoic Acid Comparing Wholes Antibodies and Antibody Fragments for Biomolecular Recognition. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Pali
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryMaterials Technology CenterSouthern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 USA
| | - Ian I. Suni
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryMaterials Technology CenterSouthern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Energy ProcessesSouthern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 USA
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9
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LIN CH, LIN MJ, WU CC. Effect of the Chain Length of a Modified Layer and Surface Roughness of an Electrode on Impedimetric Immunosensors. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:327-333. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung LIN
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ming-Jie LIN
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ching-Chou WU
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
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10
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Tran TB, Son SJ, Min J. Nanomaterials in label-free impedimetric biosensor: Current process and future perspectives. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-0408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Abadian PN, Yildirim N, Gu AZ, Goluch ED. SPRi-based adenovirus detection using a surrogate antibody method. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:808-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Marmisollé WA, Gregurec D, Moya S, Azzaroni O. Polyanilines with Pendant Amino Groups as Electrochemically Active Copolymers at Neutral pH. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar A. Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET; 64 and 113 - La Plata 1900) Argentina
| | - Danijela Gregurec
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group; CIC biomaGUNE; Paseo Miramón 182 20009 San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group; CIC biomaGUNE; Paseo Miramón 182 20009 San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET; 64 and 113 - La Plata 1900) Argentina
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13
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A regenerating ultrasensitive electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the detection of adenovirus. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Bahadır EB, Sezgintürk MK. A review on impedimetric biosensors. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:248-62. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.942456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Rushworth JV, Ahmed A, Griffiths HH, Pollock NM, Hooper NM, Millner PA. A label-free electrical impedimetric biosensor for the specific detection of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta oligomers. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 56:83-90. [PMID: 24480125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with over 37 million sufferers worldwide and a global cost of over $600 billion. There is currently no cure for AD and no reliable method of diagnosis other than post-mortem brain examination. The development of a point-of-care test for AD is an urgent requirement in order to provide earlier diagnosis and, thus, useful therapeutic intervention. Here, we present a novel, label-free impedimetric biosensor for the specific detection of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO), which are the primary neurotoxic species in AD. AβO have been proposed as the best biomarker for AD and levels of AβO in the blood have been found to correlate with cerebrospinal fluid load. The biorecognition element of our biosensor is a fragment of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C), residues 95-110), a highly expressed synaptic protein which mediates the neuronal binding and toxicity of AβO. During the layer-by-layer sensor construction, biotinylated PrP(C) (95-110) was attached via a biotin/NeutrAvidin bridge to polymer-functionalised gold screen-printed electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to validate biosensor assembly and functionality. EIS was employed for biosensor interrogation in the presence of Aβ oligomers or monomers. The biosensor was specific for the detection of synthetic AβO and gave a linear response, without significant detection of monomeric Aβ, down to an equivalent AβO concentration of ~0.5 pM. The biosensor was also able to detect natural, cell-derived AβO present in conditioned medium. The eventual commercialisation of this biosensor system could allow for the early diagnosis and disease monitoring of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo V Rushworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Asif Ahmed
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Heledd H Griffiths
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niall M Pollock
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul A Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Jarocka U, Sawicka R, Góra-Sochacka A, Sirko A, Zagórski-Ostoja W, Radecki J, Radecka H. Electrochemical immunosensor for detection of antibodies against influenza A virus H5N1 in hen serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 55:301-6. [PMID: 24412426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an immunosensor for detection of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. Its preparation consists of successive modification steps of glassy carbon electrodes: (i) creation of COOH groups, (ii) covalent immobilization of protein A with EDC/NHS coupling reaction, (iii) covering with anti-His IgG monoclonal antibody, (iv) immobilization of the recombinant His-tagged hemagglutinin (His6-H5 HA), (v) filling free space with BSA. The interactions between two variants of recombinant HA (short and long) from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and the anti-H5 HA monoclonal antibody (Mab 6-9-1) have been explored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedimetric immunosensor displayed a very good detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 pg/mL, the quantification limit (LOQ) of 6.3 pg/mL and a dynamic range from 4 pg/mL to 20 pg/mL. In addition, this analytical device was applied for detection of antibodies against His6-H5 HA in serum of vaccinated hen using serial 10-fold dilutions of serum. The immunosensor proposed was able to detect antibody in hen serum diluted up to 7 × 10(7)-fold. The sensitivity of immunosensor was about four orders of magnitude much better than ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jarocka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Róża Sawicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Radecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hanna Radecka
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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17
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Ahmed A, Rushworth JV, Wright JD, Millner PA. Novel impedimetric immunosensor for detection of pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes in human saliva. Anal Chem 2013; 85:12118-25. [PMID: 24256123 DOI: 10.1021/ac403253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes , also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), is a Gram positive human pathogen responsible for invasive and noninvasive human infections with a high incidence rate. Traditional detection methods involve cell culture and PCR, which are limited by long processing times or the need for high cost equipment. Impedance-based electrochemical immunosensors provide an alternative by which precise and rapid quantitative detection of the organism can help with rapid clinical decisions. To bring a biosensor for point-of-care applications to market, strict optimization of each level of construction and operation is required. In this paper, commercial screen-printed gold electrodes have been used to construct polytyramine (Ptyr)-based immunosensors. Biotin tagged whole antibodies against S. pyogenes were conjugated to Ptyr amine group via biotin-NeutrAvidin coupling. Sensors were optimized at each level of construction, particularly for Ptyr electrodeposition and antibody concentration, to optimize signal and specificity. Scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and on-sensor analysis (HRP conjugated enhanced chemiluminescence-based semiquantitative method) to detect Ptyr surface amine and bound antibody were performed as supporting techniques. Cumulative and single shot incubations had shown detection range of 100 to 10(5) cells per 10 μL and 100 to 10(4) cells per 10 μL of bacteria in PBS, respectively. Sensors were also able to specifically detect S. pyogenes in 50% (v/v) human saliva, with good selectivity and low cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmed
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Piro B, Reisberg S, Anquetin G, Duc HT, Pham MC. Quinone-based polymers for label-free and reagentless electrochemical immunosensors: application to proteins, antibodies and pesticides detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2013; 3:58-76. [PMID: 25587398 PMCID: PMC4263589 DOI: 10.3390/bios3010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyquinone derivatives are widely recognized in the literature for their remarkable properties, their biocompatibility, simple synthesis, and easy bio-functionalization. We have shown that polyquinones present very stable electroactivity in neutral aqueous medium within the cathodic potential domain avoiding side oxidation of interfering species. Besides, they can act as immobilized redox transducers for probing biomolecular interactions in sensors. Our group has been working on devices based on such modified electrodes with a view to applications for proteins, antibodies and organic pollutants using a reagentless label-free electrochemical immunosensor format. Herein, these developments are briefly reviewed and put into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Piro
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; E-Mails: (S.R.); (G.A.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Steeve Reisberg
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; E-Mails: (S.R.); (G.A.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Guillaume Anquetin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; E-Mails: (S.R.); (G.A.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Huynh-Thien Duc
- Université Paris XI, INSERM U-1014, Groupe Hospitalier Paul Brousse-94800 Villejuif, France; E-Mail:
| | - Minh-Chau Pham
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; E-Mails: (S.R.); (G.A.); (M.-C.P.)
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