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Wang L, Zhou W, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Zhao S, Xing C, Jia J, Liu C. Environmental ammonia analysis based on exclusive nitrification by nitrifying biofilm screened from natural bioresource. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139221. [PMID: 37327822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-based biological nitrification is widely used for ammonia removal, while hasn't been explored for ammonia analysis. The stumbling block is the coexist of nitrifying and heterotrophic microbes in real environment resulting in non-specific sensing. Herein, an exclusive ammonia sensing nitrifying biofilm was screened from natural bioresource, and a bioreaction-detection system for the on-line analysis of environmental ammonia based on biological nitrification was reported. The nitrifying microbes were aggregated into a nitrifying biofilm through a result-oriented bioresource enrichment strategy. The predominant nitrifying population and progressive surface reaction in the plug flow bioreactor led to the exclusive and exhaustive ammonia biodegradation for the establishment of a novel analytical method. The on-line ammonia monitoring prototype achieved complete biodegradation for determining ammonium nitrogen within 5 min and showed exceptional reliability in long-term real sample measurements without frequent calibration. This work offers a low-threshold natural screening paradigm for developing sustainable bioresource-based analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Wuping Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China.
| | - Zehua Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Song Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Chao Xing
- UQ Dow Center, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China.
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Arlyapov VA, Plekhanova YV, Kamanina OA, Nakamura H, Reshetilov AN. Microbial Biosensors for Rapid Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Approaches, Tendencies and Development Prospects. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:842. [PMID: 36290979 PMCID: PMC9599453 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the main indices of the quality of water is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A little over 40 years have passed since the practical application of the first microbial sensor for the determination of BOD, presented by the Japanese professor Isao Karube. This time span has brought new knowledge to and practical developments in the use of a wide range of microbial cells based on BOD biosensors. At present, this field of biotechnology is becoming an independent discipline. The traditional BOD analysis (BOD5) has not changed over many years; it takes no less than 5 days to carry out. Microbial biosensors can be used as an alternative technique for assessing the BOD attract attention because they can reduce hundredfold the time required to measure it. The review examines the experience of the creation and practical application of BOD biosensors accumulated by the international community. Special attention is paid to the use of multiple cell immobilization methods, signal registration techniques, mediators and cell consortia contained in the bioreceptor. We consider the use of nanomaterials in the modification of analytical devices developed for BOD evaluation and discuss the prospects of developing new practically important biosensor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Tula State University”, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kamanina
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Tula State University”, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Department of Liberal Arts, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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A Universal Biofilm Reactor Sensor for the Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand of Different Water Areas. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155046. [PMID: 35956996 PMCID: PMC9370119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple strategy to prepare a biofilm reactor (BFR) sensor for the universal biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination. The microorganisms in fresh water were domesticated by artificial seawater with different salinity gradients successively to prepare the BFR sensor. The prepared BFR sensor exhibits an efficient ability to degrade a variety of organic substances. The linear range of BOD determination by the BFR sensor is 1.0–10.0 mg/L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9951. The detection limit is 0.30 mg/L according to three times of signal-to-noise ratio. What is more, the BFR sensor displayed excellent performances for the BOD determination of different water samples, including both fresh water and seawater. The 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial species before and after the domestication. The results show that it is a general approach for the rapid BOD determination in different water samples.
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Lv H, Yang Q, Chen Y, Xu X, Liu C, Jia J. Determination of seawater biochemical oxygen demand based on in situ cultured biofilm reactor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A Current Sensing Biosensor for BOD Rapid Measurement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:8894925. [PMID: 33192181 PMCID: PMC7641274 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the practicality of the rapid biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) method, a highly sensitive rapid detection method for BOD that is based on establishing the correlation between current and dissolved oxygen (DO) was developed. In this experiment, Bacillus subtilis was used as the test microorganism, and the embedding method was used to achieve quantitative fixation of microorganisms, which could increase the content of microorganisms and prolong the service life of the biological element. The conductivity (COND) probe is used as a sensing element, so that the testing value can be read every second. In the program, the moving average method is used to process the collected data so that the value can be read every minute. National standard samples were detected to test the accuracy and stability of the method. The results showed that relative error and analytical standard deviations were less than 5%. Different polluted water was tested to evaluate its application range. The results showed that relative error was less than 5%. The results of the method are consistent with the results of the wastewater sample obtained by the BOD5 standard method. The proposed rapid BOD current sensing biosensor method should be promising in practical application of wastewater monitoring.
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Sonawane JM, Ezugwu CI, Ghosh PC. Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biological Oxygen Demand Sensors for Monitoring Wastewater: State-of-the-Art and Practical Applications. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2297-2316. [PMID: 32786393 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has been a continuous threat to sustainable development and global well-being. It has become a significant concern worldwide to combat the ecological crisis using low-cost innovative technologies. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a key indicator to comprehend the quality of water to guarantee environmental safety and human health; however, none of the present technologies are capable of online monitoring of the water at the source. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are a promising technology for simultaneous power generation and wastewater treatment. MFCs have also been shown in fascinating applications to measure and detect the toxic pollutants present in wastewater. These are the bioreactors where exoelectrogenic microorganisms catalyze the conversion of the inherent chemical energy stored in organic compounds to electrical energy. Sensors employ energy conversion to measure BOD, which is considered an international index for the detection of organic material load present in wastewater. The MFC-based BOD sensors have gone through a wide range of advancement from mediator to mediator-less, double chamber to single-chamber, and large size to miniature. There have been detailed studies to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the sensors for commercial applications. Additionally, multistage MFC-based BOD biosensors and miniature MFC-BOD sensors have also been ubiquitous in recent years. A considerable amount of work has been carried out to improve the performance of these devices by fabricating the proton exchange membranes and altering catalysts at the cathode. However, there remains a dearth for the fabrication of the devices in aspects like suitable microbes, proton exchange membranes, and cheaper catalysts for cathodes for effective real-time monitoring of wastewater. In this review, an extensive study has been carried out on various MFC-based BOD sensors. The efficiency and drawbacks associated with the different MFC-based BOD sensors have been critically evaluated, and future perspectives for their development have been investigated. The breadth of work compiled in this review will accelerate further research in MFC-based BOD biosensors. It will be of great importance to broad ranges of scientific research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh M. Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Chizoba I. Ezugwu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Prakash C. Ghosh
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, 400 076
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Ngoc LTB, Tu TA, Hien LTT, Linh DN, Tri N, Duy NPH, Cuong HT, Phuong PTT. Simple approach for the rapid estimation of BOD 5 in food processing wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20554-20564. [PMID: 32274695 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach was developed for the rapid and accurate estimation of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in food processing wastewater. Immobilization of the natural microbial consortium that was collected from an aerobic compartment of a food processing wastewater treatment plant was simply performed by adhesion using a low-cost porous carrier. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Streptomyces, whose salt-tolerance and ability to break down organic compounds have been widely reported, were found to be predominant. These microorganisms may cause an enhancement of the bioreactor response in the presence of sodium chloride. Consequently, a modified glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) calibration standard was proposed in which an appropriate amount of NaCl was added; this solution was found to be more effective in terms of accuracy and practicality than both conventional GGA and the synthetic wastewater recipe from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The calibrated self-built packed-bed bioreactor exhibited good precision of 3% or less in predicting BOD5 in influent, which is similar to the performance of the most common commercial biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) bioreactors. There was a statistical agreement between the results obtained from this rapid BOD biosensor and the conventional methods, even when testing treated wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Bao Ngoc
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology-Institute of Chemical Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Anh Tu
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Luu Thi Thanh Hien
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Nhat Linh
- Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tri
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology-Institute of Chemical Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuc Hoang Duy
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology-Institute of Chemical Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Tien Cuong
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology-Institute of Chemical Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Thuy Phuong
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology-Institute of Chemical Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Jouanneau S, Grangé E, Durand MJ, Thouand G. Rapid BOD assessment with a microbial array coupled to a neural machine learning system. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115079. [PMID: 31539666 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The domestic usage of water generates approximately 310 km3 of wastewater worldwide (2015, AQUASTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations). This sewage contains an important organic load due to the use of this water; this organic load is characterized using a standard method, namely, the biological oxygen demand measurement (BOD5). The BOD5 provides information about the biodegradable organic load (standard ISO 5815). However, this measurement protocol is very time-consuming (5 days) and may produce variability in approximately 20% of results mainly due to variation in the environmental inocula. To remedy these limitations, this work proposes an innovative concept relying on the implementation of a set of rigorously selected bacterial strains. This publication depicts the different steps used in this study, from bio-indicator selection to validation with real wastewater samples. The results obtained in the final step show a strong correlation between the developed approach and the reference method (ISO 5815) with a correlation rate of approximately 0.9. In addition, the optimization of the experimental conditions and the use of controlled strains (8 selected strains) allow significant reduction in the duration of the BOD5 analysis, with only 3 h required for the proposed method versus 5 days for the reference method. This technological breakthrough should simplify the monitoring of wastewater treatment plants and provide quicker, easier and more coherent control in terms of the treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulivan Jouanneau
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, 18 Boulevard Gaston Defferre, 85035, La Roche sur Yon, France.
| | - Emilie Grangé
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, 18 Boulevard Gaston Defferre, 85035, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Marie-José Durand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, 18 Boulevard Gaston Defferre, 85035, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Gérald Thouand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, 18 Boulevard Gaston Defferre, 85035, La Roche sur Yon, France.
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9
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Pham TTP, Nguyen PHD, Nguyen TTV, Duong HTL. Self-build packed-bed bioreactor for rapid and effective BOD estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25656-25667. [PMID: 31267402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrated a simple, low-cost, rapid, and effective biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) estimation system based on a packed-bed bioreactor that can be easily self-built on-site at a particular wastewater treatment plant for continuous monitoring of the influent and effluent. The use of natural microbial consortium that were collected from the target wastewater and immobilized on a cheap porous carrier simply by adhesion resulted in an acceptable accuracy of over 95%. The newly developed semi-continuous operating mode with peak-type signals was shown to be able to continuously estimate BOD at a high flow rate to overcome the flow dependence of the oxygen electrode, limit clogging issues, enhance the response time, and lower the limit of detection. The resulting packed-bed bioreactors could work continuously for 22 h with a coefficient of variance (CoV) of only 1.8% or for 13 h a day for several days with a maximum CoV of 1.4% and their response was observed to be stable over 80 consecutive measurements. They exhibited stable responses at a wide pH range of 6.5-8.5, which is also the recommended range for aerobic wastewater treatment, emphasizing the greater ease of use of natural microorganisms for BOD estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Phuong Pham
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phuc Hoang Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Van Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thanh Linh Duong
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Li J, Peng Z, Wang E. Tackling Grand Challenges of the 21st Century with Electroanalytical Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10629-10638. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Li Y, Sun J, Wang J, Bian C, Tong J, Li Y, Xia S. A microbial electrode based on the co-electrodeposition of carboxyl graphene and Au nanoparticles for BOD rapid detection. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang J, Li Y, Bian C, Tong J, Fang Y, Xia S. Ultramicroelectrode array modified with magnetically labeled Bacillus subtilis, palladium nanoparticles and reduced carboxy graphene for amperometric determination of biochemical oxygen demand. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu C, Li Z, Jiang D, Jia J, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Cheng X, Dong S. Demonstration study of biofilm reactor based rapid biochemical oxygen demand determination of surface water. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Jordan MA, Welsh DT, Teasdale PR. Ubiquity of activated sludge ferricyanide-mediated BOD methods: a comparison of sludge seeds across wastewater treatment plants. Talanta 2014; 125:293-300. [PMID: 24840446 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have described alternatives to the BOD5 standard method, with substantial decreases in incubation time observed. However, most of these have not maintained the features that make the BOD5 assay so relevant - a high level of substrate bio-oxidation and use of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge as the biocatalyst. Two recently described ferricyanide-mediated (FM)-BOD assays, one for trade wastes and one for WWTP influents and treated effluents, satisfy these criteria and were investigated further here for their suitability for use with diverse biocatalysts. Both FM-BOD assays responded proportionately to increasing substrate concentration with sludges from 11 different WWTPs and temporally (months to years) using sludges from a single WWTP, confirming the broad applicability of both assays. Sludges from four WWTPs were selected as biocatalysts for each FM-BOD assay to compare FM-BOD equivalent values with BOD5 (three different sludge seeds) measurements for 12 real wastewater samples (six per assay). Strong and significant relationships were established for both FM-BOD assays. This study has demonstrated that sludge sourced from many WWTPs may be used as the biocatalyst in either FM-BOD assay, as it is in the BOD5 assay. The industry potential of these findings is substantial given the widespread use of the BOD5 assay, the dramatically decreased incubation period (3-6h) and the superior analytical range of both assays compared to the standard BOD5 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jordan
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld 4222, Australia; School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - David T Welsh
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld 4222, Australia
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Jouanneau S, Recoules L, Durand MJ, Boukabache A, Picot V, Primault Y, Lakel A, Sengelin M, Barillon B, Thouand G. Methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:62-82. [PMID: 24316182 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is one of the most widely used criteria for water quality assessment. It provides information about the ready biodegradable fraction of the organic load in water. However, this analytical method is time-consuming (generally 5 days, BOD5), and the results may vary according to the laboratory (20%), primarily due to fluctuations in the microbial diversity of the inoculum used. Work performed during the two last decades has resulted in several technologies that are less time-consuming and more reliable. This review is devoted to the analysis of the technical features of the principal methods described in the literature in order to compare their performances (measuring window, reliability, robustness) and to identify the pros and the cons of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jouanneau
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - L Recoules
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France; BIONEF, 73 rue de la Plaine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - M J Durand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - A Boukabache
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - V Picot
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Y Primault
- BIONEF, 73 rue de la Plaine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Lakel
- CSTB, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, 44323 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Sengelin
- Sotralentz, 3 rue de Bettwiller, BP 10028, 67320 Drulingen, France
| | - B Barillon
- SUEZ Environment, 38, Rue du Président Wilson, 78230 LE PECQ, France
| | - G Thouand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France.
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Liu C, Zhao H, Ma Z, An T, Liu C, Zhao L, Yong D, Jia J, Li X, Dong S. Novel environmental analytical system based on combined biodegradation and photoelectrocatalytic detection principles for rapid determination of organic pollutants in wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1762-1768. [PMID: 24428671 DOI: 10.1021/es4031358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a novel biofilm reactor-photoelectrocatalytic chemical oxygen demand (BFR-PeCOD) analytical system for rapid online determination of biodegradable organic matters (BOMs). A novel air bubble sample delivery approach was developed to dramatically enhance the BFR's biodegradation efficiency and extend analytical linear range. Because the air bubble sample delivery invalidates the BOD quantification via the determination of oxygen consumption using dissolved oxygen probe, the PeCOD technique was innovatively utilized to resolve the BOD quantification issue under air bubble sample delivery conditions. The BFR was employed to effectively and efficiently biodegrade organic pollutants under oxygen-rich environment provided by the air bubbles. The BOD quantification was achieved by measuring the COD change (Δ[COD]) of the original sample and the effluent from BFR using PeCOD technique. The measured Δ[COD] was found to be directly proportional to the BOD5 values of the original sample with a slope independent of types and concentrations of organics. The slope was used to convert Δ[COD] to BOD5. The demonstrated analytical performance by BFR-PeCOD system surpasses all reported systems in many aspects. It has demonstrated ability to near real-time, online determining the organic pollution levels of wide range wastewaters without the need for dilution and ongoing calibration. The system possesses the widest analytical liner range (up to 800 mg O2 L(-1)) for BOD analysis, superior long-term stability, high accuracy, reliability, and simplicity. It is an environmentally friendly analytical system that consumes little reagent and requires minimal operational maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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17
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Field application of a biofilm reactor based BOD prototype in Taihu Lake, China. Talanta 2013; 109:147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biofilm reactor based real-time analysis of biochemical oxygendemand. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 42:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A reagent-free tubular biofilm reactor for on-line determination of biochemical oxygen demand. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:213-8. [PMID: 23500366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported a reagent-free tubular biofilm reactor (BFR) based analytical system for rapid online biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination. The BFR was cultivated using microbial seeds from activated sludge. It only needs tap water to operate and does not require any chemical reagent. The analytical performance of this reagent-free BFR system was found to be equal to or better than the BFR system operated using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and high purity deionized water. The system can readily achieve a limit of detection of 0.25 mg O2 L(-1), possessing superior reproducibility, and long-term operational and storage stability. More importantly, we confirmed for the first time that the BFR system is capable of tolerating common toxicants found in wastewaters, such as 3,5-dichlorophenol and Zn(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II), enabling the method to be applied to a wide range of wastewaters. The sloughing and clogging are the important attributes affecting the operational stability, hence, the reliability of most online wastewater monitoring systems, which can be effectively avoided, benefiting from the tubular geometry of the reactor and high flow rate conditions. These advantages, coupled with simplicity in device, convenience in operation and minimal maintenance, make such a reagent-free BFR analytical system promising for practical BOD online determination.
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Jordan MA, Welsh DT, John R, Catterall K, Teasdale PR. A sensitive ferricyanide-mediated biochemical oxygen demand assay for analysis of wastewater treatment plant influents and treated effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:841-849. [PMID: 23200506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Representative and fast monitoring of wastewater influent and effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is an elusive goal for the wastewater industry and regulatory bodies alike. The present study describes a suitable assay, which incorporates activated sludge as the biocatalyst and ferricyanide as the terminal electron acceptor for respiration. A number of different sludges and sludge treatments were investigated, primarily to improve the sensitivity of the assay. A limit of detection (LOD) (2.1 mg BOD₅ L⁻¹) very similar to that of the standard 5-day BOD₅ method was achieved in 4 h using raw influent sludge that had been cultured overnight as the biocatalyst. Reducing the microbial concentration was the most effective means to improve sensitivity and reduce the contribution of the sludge's endogenous respiration to total ferricyanide-mediated (FM) respiration. A strong and highly significant relationship was found (n = 33; R = 0.96; p < 0.001; slope = 0.94) between BOD₅ and FM-BOD equivalent values for a diverse range of samples including wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and treated effluent, as well as several grey water samples. The activated sludge FM-BOD assay presented here is an exceptional surrogate method to the standard BOD₅ assay, providing representative, same-day BOD analysis of WWTP samples with a comparable detection limit, a 4-fold greater analytical range and much faster analysis time. The industry appeal of such an assay is tremendous given that ~90% of all BOD₅ analysis is dedicated to measurement of WWTP samples, for which this assay is specifically designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jordan
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Qld 4222, Australia
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Verma N, Singh AK. Development of biological oxygen demand biosensor for monitoring the fermentation industry effluent. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 2013:236062. [PMID: 25969770 PMCID: PMC4403562 DOI: 10.5402/2013/236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor was developed for the determination of BOD value of fermentation industry effluent. The developed biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the microbial consortium on cellulose acetate (CA) membrane in close proximity to a DO probe electrode. The microbial consortium was harvested from the fermentation industry effluent. The BOD biosensor was calibrated by using a solution containing the equivalent amount of glucose/glutamic acid (GGA) as a standard sample solution. The response time was optimized by immobilizing different concentrations of cell biomass on CA membrane. Once the response time was optimized, it was used for determination of BOD of fermentation industry effluent. For analysis of fermentation industry effluent, the response time was observed 7 minutes with detection limit 1 mg/L. Good linear range with GGA standard solution was observed, R2 0.99 with relative standard deviation (RSD) <%. The observed BOD value by biosensor showed a good comparison with the conventional method for the determination of BOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, Patiala 147 002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, Patiala 147 002, India
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