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Shen R, Lv A, Yi S, Wang P, Mak PI, Martins RP, Jia Y. Nucleic acid analysis on electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Yuan Y, Jia H, Wang J. A microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform for in situ detection of trace cadmium ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3802-3813. [PMID: 36124994 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among various detection and analysis platforms, a microfluidic chip-based electrochemical sensing detection platform is a new type of detection platform. In this study, a microfluidic electrochemical detection platform for cadmium ion detection is proposed, and the performance of the detection platform is optimized in terms of both the microchannel size and electrode modifications. The detection mixing processes of the detector with different microchannel sizes, including the concentration distribution in the channel, pressure decay variation and electrolyte current density variation in the detector, were investigated by finite element model calculations. The analysis shows that the size of the microchannel in the detector affects the fluid and thus further affects the chemical reaction. If the size of the electrode does not match the size of the microchannel, insufficient sample volume will lead to inaccurate measurements, reduced sensitivity and increased detection limits. It was found that the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor was highest when the size of the microchannel in the chip was 400 μm. After optimization, the optimal detection limit for cadmium ions was 0.03 μg L-1 (S/N = 3). The proposed sensing platform is simple in design and stable in structure, and is suitable for field screening and rapid response to heavy metal contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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3
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Rui X, Song S, Wang W, Zhou J. Applications of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology for droplet digital PCR. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061503. [PMID: 33312327 PMCID: PMC7719047 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics is an elegant technique based on single droplets for the design, composition, and manipulation of microfluidic systems. In digital microfluidics, especially in the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) system, each droplet acts as an independent reactor, which enables a wide range of multiple parallel biological and chemical reactions at the microscale. EWOD digital microfluidics reduces reagent and energy consumption, accelerates analysis, enables point-of-care diagnostic, simplifies integration with sensors, etc. Such a digital microfluidic system is especially relevant for droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), thanks to its nanoliter droplets and well-controlled volume distribution. At low DNA concentration, these small volumes allow less than one DNA strand per droplet on average (limited dilution) so that after a fixed number of PCR cycles (endpoint PCR), only the DNA in droplets containing the sequence of interest has been amplified and can be detected by fluorescence to yield an accurate count of the sequences of interest using statistical models. Focusing on ddPCR, this article summarizes the latest development and research on EWOD technology for droplet PCR over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Zhou
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Development of Coplanar Electro-Wetting Based Microfluidic Sorter to Select Micro-Particles in High Volume Throughput at Milliliter Amount within Twenty Minutes. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092941. [PMID: 30181484 PMCID: PMC6164432 DOI: 10.3390/s18092941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the work of developing one coplanar microfluidic sorter while using the electro-wetting on dielectrics (EWOD) technique. When connected with delivery capillary to receive sample solution containing micro-particles, this device can select about 10 micro-particles in high volume throughput of milliliter amount within 20 min, to potentially match the requirement of efficiently determining the low amounts of bacteria in concentrated food and environmental samples, of which the typical bacteria density is 10 colony forming unit or less, much smaller than that of clinical pathogen samples. This coplanar T-shape EWOD device contains two fluidic channels, one inlet channel and the other collection channel stemmed from the middle of inlet channel. When the solution droplet falls from the delivery capillary to the entrance end of inlet channel, the droplet is driven to the intersection of two channels. The droplet containing fluorescent particle will be diverted to the lower channel to collect. Otherwise, the non-fluorescent droplet keeps moving toward the other end of inlet channel to waste zone. The particle fluorescence is collected through microscope lens to detect with one photomultiplier tube. The detected signals trigger the personal computer control board to active each EWOD electrode to direct the droplet moving directions. When the solution of 1 mL containing about 10 fluorescent micro-particles is delivered into this sorting device, nearly all the particles were correctly directed into collection zone in 20 min.
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Campana O, Wlodkowic D. Ecotoxicology Goes on a Chip: Embracing Miniaturized Bioanalysis in Aquatic Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:932-946. [PMID: 29284083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological and environmental sciences are, more than ever, becoming highly dependent on technological and multidisciplinary approaches that warrant advanced analytical capabilities. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies are perhaps one the most groundbreaking offshoots of bioengineering, enabling design of an entirely new generation of bioanalytical instrumentation. They represent a unique approach to combine microscale engineering and physics with specific biological questions, providing technological advances that allow for fundamentally new capabilities in the spatiotemporal analysis of molecules, cells, tissues, and even small metazoan organisms. While these miniaturized analytical technologies experience an explosive growth worldwide, with a substantial promise of a direct impact on biosciences, it seems that lab-on-a-chip systems have so far escaped the attention of aquatic ecotoxicologists. In this Critical Review, potential applications of the currently existing and emerging chip-based technologies for aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality monitoring are highlighted. We also offer suggestions on how aquatic ecotoxicology can benefit from adoption of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for accelerated bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campana
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC , Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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A sample-to-answer, real-time convective polymerase chain reaction system for point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2017. [PMID: 28624618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurate molecular diagnostics at the point-of-care (POC) level is critical to global health. To this end, we propose a handheld convective-flow real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system capable of direct sample-to-answer genetic analysis for the first time. Such a system mainly consists of a magnetic bead-assisted photothermolysis sample preparation, a closed-loop convective PCR reactor, and a wireless video camera-based real-time fluorescence detection. The sample preparation exploits the dual functionality of vancomycin-modified magnetic beads (VMBs) for bacteria enrichment and photothermal conversion, enabling cell pre-concentration and lysis to be finished in less than 3min. On the presented system, convective thermocycling is driven by a single-heater thermal gradient, and its amplification is monitored in real-time, with an analysis speed of less than 25min, a dynamic linear range from 106 to 101 copies/µL and a detection sensitivity of as little as 1 copies/µL. Additionally, the proposed PCR system is self-contained with a control electronics, pocket-size and battery-powered, providing a low-cost genetic analysis in a portable format. Therefore, we believe that this integrated system may become a potential candidate for fast, accurate and affordable POC molecular diagnostics.
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Das D, Phan DT, Zhao Y, Kang Y, Chan V, Yang C. A multi-module microfluidic platform for continuous pre-concentration of water-soluble ions and separation of oil droplets from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using a DC-biased AC electrokinetic technique. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:645-652. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Dinh-Tuan Phan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yugang Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Khalifa University; Abu Dhabi Campus United Arab Emirates
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
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Pérez-Ruiz E, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. Evaluation of different strategies for magnetic particle functionalization with DNA aptamers. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:755-762. [PMID: 27318011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimal bio-functionalization of magnetic particles is essential for developing magnetic particle-based bioassays. Whereas functionalization with antibodies is generally well established, immobilization of DNA probes, such as aptamers, is not yet fully explored. In this work, four different types of commercially available magnetic particles, coated with streptavidin, maleimide or carboxyl groups, were evaluated for their surface coverage with aptamer bioreceptors, efficiency in capturing target protein and non-specific protein adsorption on their surface. A recently developed aptamer against the peanut allergen, Ara h 1 protein, was used as a model system. Conjugation of biotinylated Ara h 1 aptamer to the streptavidin particles led to the highest surface coverage, whereas the coverage of maleimide particles was 25% lower. Carboxylated particles appeared to be inadequate for DNA functionalization. Streptavidin particles also showed the greatest target capturing efficiency, comparable to the one of particles functionalized with anti-Ara h 1 antibody. The performance of streptavidin particles was additionally tested in a sandwich assay with the aptamer as a capture receptor on the particle surface. While the limit of detection obtained was comparable to the same assay system with antibody as capture receptor, it was superior to previously reported values using the same aptamer in similar assay schemes with different detection platforms. These results point to the promising application of the Ara h 1 aptamer-functionalized particles in bioassay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez-Ruiz
- Department of Biosystems-MeBioS-Biosensor Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems-MeBioS-Biosensor Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems-MeBioS-Biosensor Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ben Yehezkel T, Rival A, Raz O, Cohen R, Marx Z, Camara M, Dubern JF, Koch B, Heeb S, Krasnogor N, Delattre C, Shapiro E. Synthesis and cell-free cloning of DNA libraries using programmable microfluidics. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:e35. [PMID: 26481354 PMCID: PMC4770201 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics may revolutionize our ability to write synthetic DNA by addressing several fundamental limitations associated with generating novel genetic constructs. Here we report the first de novo synthesis and cell-free cloning of custom DNA libraries in sub-microliter reaction droplets using programmable digital microfluidics. Specifically, we developed Programmable Order Polymerization (POP), Microfluidic Combinatorial Assembly of DNA (M-CAD) and Microfluidic In-vitro Cloning (MIC) and applied them to de novo synthesis, combinatorial assembly and cell-free cloning of genes, respectively. Proof-of-concept for these methods was demonstrated by programming an autonomous microfluidic system to construct and clone libraries of yeast ribosome binding sites and bacterial Azurine, which were then retrieved in individual droplets and validated. The ability to rapidly and robustly generate designer DNA molecules in an autonomous manner should have wide application in biological research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuval Ben Yehezkel
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Biological Chemistry, Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ofir Raz
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Biological Chemistry, Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rafael Cohen
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Biological Chemistry, Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zipora Marx
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Biological Chemistry, Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miguel Camara
- Centre for Bio-molecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Birgit Koch
- School of Computing Science, Claremont Tower, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Centre for Bio-molecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- School of Computing Science, Claremont Tower, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Ehud Shapiro
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science and Biological Chemistry, Weizmann institute of science, Rehovot, Israel
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Building bio-assays with magnetic particles on a digital microfluidic platform. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:485-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fronczek CF, Yoon JY. Biosensors for Monitoring Airborne Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:390-410. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215580935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rival A, Jary D, Delattre C, Fouillet Y, Castellan G, Bellemin-Comte A, Gidrol X. An EWOD-based microfluidic chip for single-cell isolation, mRNA purification and subsequent multiplex qPCR. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3739-49. [PMID: 25080028 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis circumvents the need to average data from large populations by observing each cell individually, thus enabling the analysis of cell-to-cell variability. The ability to work on this scale presents many new opportunities for the life sciences and biomedical applications. Microfluidics has become a tool of choice for such studies and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technology is well adapted for samples with reduced size and biological studies at the single cell level. In the present manuscript, for the first time, we present an integrated and automated system based on EWOD that can process the complete workflow on a single device, from the isolation of a single cell to mRNA purification and gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rival
- CEA, IRTSV, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Tsaloglou MN, Jacobs A, Morgan H. A fluorogenic heterogeneous immunoassay for cardiac muscle troponin cTnI on a digital microfluidic device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5967-76. [PMID: 25074544 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a fluorogenic two-site noncompetitive heterogeneous immunoassay with magnetic beads on a low-voltage digital microfluidic platform using closed electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). All the steps of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed on the device using 9H-(1, 3-dichloro-9, 9-dimethylacridin-2-one-7-yl) phosphate as the fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The performance of the system was demonstrated with cardiac marker Troponin I (cTnI) as a model analyte in phosphate-buffered saline samples. cTnI was detected within the diagnostically relevant range with a limit of detection of 2.0 ng/mL (CV = 6.47 %). Washing of magnetic beads was achieved by movement through a narrow region of buffer bridging one drop to another with minimal fluid transfer. More than 90 % of the unbound reagents were removed after five washes. Further experiments testing human blood serum on the same platform demonstrated a sample-to-answer time at ∼18.5 min detecting 6.79 ng/mL cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Nefeli Tsaloglou
- Electronics and Computer Science and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK,
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Schultz A, Papautsky I, Heikenfeld J. Investigation of Laplace barriers for arrayed electrowetting lab-on-a-chip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5349-5356. [PMID: 24738982 DOI: 10.1021/la500314v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial-post Laplace barriers have been postulated as a means to allow electrowetting transport and geometrical reshaping of fluids, followed by the preservation of fluid geometry after the electrowetting voltage is removed. Reported here is the first investigation of Laplace barriers with the arrayed electrodes and splitting/merging transport functions for an electrowetting lab-on-a-chip. Laplace barriers optimized for 500 × 500 μm(2) electrodes and 78 μm channel height are shown to provide geometrical control of fluid shape down to radii of curvature of ~70 μm. The Laplace barriers increase the splitting volume error, but with proper electrical control, the average error in the split volume is reduced to 5%. Improved programmable fluid storage in droplets or reservoirs and continuous channel flow are also shown. This work confirms the potential benefits of Laplace barriers for lab-on-a-chip and also reveals the unique challenges and operation requirements for Laplace barriers in lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schultz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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Shu B, Zhang C, Xing D. Segmented continuous-flow multiplex polymerase chain reaction microfluidics for high-throughput and rapid foodborne pathogen detection. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 826:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Davoust L, Fouillet Y, Malk R, Theisen J. Coplanar electrowetting-induced stirring as a tool to manipulate biological samples in lubricated digital microfluidics. Impact of ambient phase on drop internal flow pattern. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44104. [PMID: 24404038 PMCID: PMC3739825 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oscillating electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD) with coplanar electrodes is investigated in this paper as a way to provide efficient stirring within a drop with biological content. A supporting model inspired from Ko et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 194102 (2009)] is proposed allowing to interpret oscillating EWOD-induced drop internal flow as the result of a current streaming along the drop surface deformed by capillary waves. Current streaming behaves essentially as a surface flow generator and the momentum it sustains within the (viscous) drop is even more significant as the surface to volume ratio is small. With the circular electrode pair considered in this paper, oscillating EWOD sustains toroidal vortical flows when the experiments are conducted with aqueous drops in air as ambient phase. But when oil is used as ambient phase, it is demonstrated that the presence of an electrode gap is responsible for a change in drop shape: a pinch-off at the electrode gap yields a peanut-shaped drop and a symmetry break-up of the EWOD-induced flow pattern. Viscosity of oil is also responsible for promoting an efficient damping of the capillary waves which populate the surface of the actuated drop. As a result, the capillary network switches from one standing wave to two superimposed traveling waves of different mechanical energy, provided that actuation frequency is large enough, for instance, as large as the one commonly used in electrowetting applications (f ∼ 500 Hz and beyond). Special emphasis is put on stirring of biological samples. As a typical application, it is demonstrated how beads or cell clusters can be focused under flow either at mid-height of the drop or near the wetting plane, depending on how the nature of the capillary waves is (standing or traveling), and therefore, depending on the actuation frequency (150 Hz-1 KHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Davoust
- Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), Materials and Processes Science and Engineering Laboratory (SIMAP), BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | | | - Rachid Malk
- CEA-LETI-MINATEC, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes Theisen
- University of Grenoble (UJF), Laboratory of Geophysical and Industrial Fluid Flows (LEGI), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Campos CDM, da Silva JAF. Applications of autonomous microfluidic systems in environmental monitoring. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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