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Glass P, Shar A, Pemberton C, Nguyen E, Park SH, Joung D. 3D-Printed Artificial Cilia Arrays: A Versatile Tool for Customizable Mechanosensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303164. [PMID: 37483144 PMCID: PMC10502633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired cilium-based mechanosensors offer a high level of responsiveness, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. Despite great promise, the development of sensors with multifunctionality, scalability, customizability, and sensing linearity presents challenges due to the complex sensing mechanisms and fabrication methods involved. To this end, high-aspect-ratio polycaprolactone/graphene cilia structures with high conductivity, and facile fabrication are employed to address these challenges. For these 3D-printed structures, an "inter-cilium contact" sensing mechanism that enables the sensor to function akin to an on-off switch, significantly enhancing sensitivity and reducing ambiguity in detection, is proposed. The cilia structures exhibit high levels of customizability, including thickness, height, spacing, and arrangement, while maintaining mechanical robustness. The simplicity of the sensor design enables highly sensitive detection in diverse applications, encompassing airflow and water flow monitoring, braille detection, and debris recognition. Overall, the unique conductive cilia-based sensing mechanism that is proposed brings several advantages, advancing the development of multi-sensing capabilities and flexible electronic skin applications in smart robotics and human prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Glass
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
| | - Andy Shar
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
| | - Charles Pemberton
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
| | - Ethan Nguyen
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D GroupKorea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Jeju‐siJeju‐do63243Republic of Korea
| | - Daeha Joung
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
- Massey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23298USA
- Institute for Sustainable Energy and EnvironmentVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA
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Wlodkowic D, Jansen M. High-throughput screening paradigms in ecotoxicity testing: Emerging prospects and ongoing challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135929. [PMID: 35944679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of new production chemicals coupled with stringent implementation of global chemical management programs necessities a paradigm shift towards boarder uses of low-cost and high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies as well as deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity that can be used in effective risk assessment. The latter will require automated acquisition of biological data, new capabilities for big data analysis as well as computational simulations capable of translating new data into in vivo relevance. However, very few efforts have been so far devoted into the development of automated bioanalytical systems in ecotoxicology. This is in stark contrast to standardized and high-throughput chemical screening and prioritization routines found in modern drug discovery pipelines. As a result, the high-throughput and high-content data acquisition in ecotoxicology is still in its infancy with limited examples focused on cell-free and cell-based assays. In this work we outline recent developments and emerging prospects of high-throughput bioanalytical approaches in ecotoxicology that reach beyond in vitro biotests. We discuss future importance of automated quantitative data acquisition for cell-free, cell-based as well as developments in phytotoxicity and in vivo biotests utilizing small aquatic model organisms. We also discuss recent innovations such as organs-on-a-chip technologies and existing challenges for emerging high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies. Lastly, we provide seminal examples of the small number of successful high-throughput implementations that have been employed in prioritization of chemicals and accelerated environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Marcus Jansen
- LemnaTec GmbH, Nerscheider Weg 170, 52076, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Civelekoglu O, Wang N, Arifuzzman A, Boya M, Sarioglu AF. Automated lightless cytometry on a microchip with adaptive immunomagnetic manipulation. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kuang S, Singh NM, Wu Y, Shen Y, Ren W, Tu L, Yong KT, Song P. Role of microfluidics in accelerating new space missions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:021503. [PMID: 35497325 PMCID: PMC9033306 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous revolutionary space missions have been initiated and planned for the following decades, including plans for novel spacecraft, exploration of the deep universe, and long duration manned space trips. Compared with space missions conducted over the past 50 years, current missions have features of spacecraft miniaturization, a faster task cycle, farther destinations, braver goals, and higher levels of precision. Tasks are becoming technically more complex and challenging, but also more accessible via commercial space activities. Remarkably, microfluidics has proven impactful in newly conceived space missions. In this review, we focus on recent advances in space microfluidic technologies and their impact on the state-of-the-art space missions. We discuss how micro-sized fluid and microfluidic instruments behave in space conditions, based on hydrodynamic theories. We draw on analyses outlining the reasons why microfluidic components and operations have become crucial in recent missions by categorically investigating a series of successful space missions integrated with microfluidic technologies. We present a comprehensive technical analysis on the recently developed in-space microfluidic applications such as the lab-on-a-CubeSat, healthcare for manned space missions, evaluation and reconstruction of the environment on celestial bodies, in-space manufacturing of microfluidic devices, and development of fluid-based micro-thrusters. The discussions in this review provide insights on microfluidic technologies that hold considerable promise for the upcoming space missions, and also outline how in-space conditions present a new perspective to the microfluidics field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishtha Manish Singh
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore
| | - Yichao Wu
- College of Resources & Environment of Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Ren
- SPACETY, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangcheng Tu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peiyi Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wlodkowic D, Karpiński TM. Live-Cell Systems in Real-Time Biomonitoring of Water Pollution: Practical Considerations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217028. [PMID: 34770335 PMCID: PMC8588540 DOI: 10.3390/s21217028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring and early warning of potential water contamination with toxic chemicals is of paramount importance for human health and sustainable food production. During the last few decades there have been noteworthy advances in technologies for the automated sensing of physicochemical parameters of water. These do not translate well into online monitoring of chemical pollutants since most of them are either incapable of real-time detection or unable to detect impacts on biological organisms. As a result, biological early warning systems have been proposed to supplement conventional water quality test strategies. Such systems can continuously evaluate physiological parameters of suitable aquatic species and alert the user to the presence of toxicants. In this regard, single cellular organisms, such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, micro-algae and vertebrate cell lines, offer promising avenues for development of water biosensors. Historically, only a handful of systems utilising single-cell organisms have been deployed as established online water biomonitoring tools. Recent advances in recombinant microorganisms, cell immobilisation techniques, live-cell microarrays and microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technologies open new avenues to develop miniaturised systems capable of detecting a broad range of water contaminants. In experimental settings, they have been shown as sensitive and rapid biosensors with capabilities to detect traces of contaminants. In this work, we critically review the recent advances and practical prospects of biological early warning systems based on live-cell biosensors. We demonstrate historical deployment successes, technological innovations, as well as current challenges for the broader deployment of live-cell biosensors in the monitoring of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-7157; Fax: +61-3-9925-7110
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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Wlodkowic D, Czerw A, Karakiewicz B, Deptała A. Recent progress in cytometric technologies and their applications in ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment. Cytometry A 2021; 101:203-219. [PMID: 34652065 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicology focuses on identifying and predicting impact of potentially toxic anthropogenic chemicals on biosphere at various levels of biological organization. Presently there is a significant drive to gain deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity. Most notable is increased focus on elucidation of cellular-response networks, interactomes, and greater implementation of cell-based biotests using high-throughput procedures, while at the same time decreasing the reliance on standard animal models used in ecotoxicity testing. This is aimed at discovery and interpretation of molecular pathways of ecotoxicity at large scale. In this regard, the applications of cytometry are perhaps one of the most fundamental prospective analytical tools for the next generation and high-throughput ecotoxicology research. The diversity of this modern technology spans flow, laser-scanning, imaging, and more recently, Raman as well as mass cytometry. The cornerstone advantages of cytometry include the possibility of multi-parameter measurements, gating and rapid analysis. Cytometry overcomes, thus, limitations of traditional bulk techniques such as spectrophotometry or gel-based techniques that average the results from pooled cell populations or small model organisms. Novel technologies such as cell imaging in flow, laser scanning cytometry, as well as mass cytometry provide innovative and tremendously powerful capabilities to analyze cells, tissues as well as to perform in situ analysis of small model organisms. In this review, we outline cytometry as a tremendously diverse field that is still vastly underutilized and often largely unknown in environmental sciences. The main motivation of this work is to highlight the potential and wide-reaching applications of cytometry in ecotoxicology, guide environmental scientists in the technological aspects as well as popularize its broader adoption in environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Czerw
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention. Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Shrirao AB, Fritz Z, Novik EM, Yarmush GM, Schloss RS, Zahn JD, Yarmush ML. Microfluidic flow cytometry: The role of microfabrication methodologies, performance and functional specification. TECHNOLOGY 2018; 6:1-23. [PMID: 29682599 PMCID: PMC5907470 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547818300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool utilized in modern biomedical research and clinical applications requiring high throughput, high resolution particle analysis for cytometric characterization and/or sorting of cells and particles as well as for analyzing results from immunocytometric assays. In recent years, research has focused on developing microfluidic flow cytometers with the motivation of creating smaller, less expensive, simpler, and more autonomous alternatives to conventional flow cytometers. These devices could ideally be highly portable, easy to operate without extensive user training, and utilized for research purposes and/or point-of-care diagnostics especially in limited resource facilities or locations requiring on-site analyses. However, designing a device that fulfills the criteria of high throughput analysis, automation and portability, while not sacrificing performance is not a trivial matter. This review intends to present the current state of the field and provide considerations for further improvement by focusing on the key design components of microfluidic flow cytometers. The recent innovations in particle focusing and detection strategies are detailed and compared. This review outlines performance matrix parameters of flow cytometers that are interdependent with each other, suggesting trade offs in selection based on the requirements of the applications. The ongoing contribution of microfluidics demonstrates that it is a viable technology to advance the current state of flow cytometry and develop automated, easy to operate and cost-effective flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Eric M Novik
- Hurel Corporation, 671, Suite B, U.S. Highway 1, North Brunswick, NJ 08902
| | - Gabriel M Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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8
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Timung S, Chaudhuri J, Borthakur MP, Mandal TK, Biswas G, Bandyopadhyay D. Electric field mediated spraying of miniaturized droplets inside microchannel. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:1450-1457. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seim Timung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Joydip Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Manash Pratim Borthakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Gautam Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati Assam India
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9
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Chaudhuri J, Timung S, Dandamudi CB, Mandal TK, Bandyopadhyay D. Discrete electric field mediated droplet splitting in microchannels: Fission, Cascade, and Rayleigh modes. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:278-286. [PMID: 27436402 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerical simulations supplemented by experiments together uncovered that strategic integration of discrete electric fields in a non-invasive manner could substantially miniaturize the droplets into smaller parts in a pressure driven oil-water flow inside microchannels. The Maxwell's stress generated from the electric field at the oil-water interface could deform, stretch, neck, pin, and disintegrate a droplet into many miniaturized daughter droplets, which eventually ushered a one-step method to form water-in-oil microemulsion employing microchannels. The interplay between electrostatic, inertial, capillary, and viscous forces led to various pathways of droplet breaking, namely, fission, cascade, or Rayleigh modes. While a localized electric field in the fission mode could split a droplet into a number of daughter droplets of smaller size, the cascade or the Rayleigh mode led to the formation of an array of miniaturized droplets when multiple electrodes generating different field intensities were ingeniously assembled around the microchannel. The droplets size and frequency could be tuned by varying the field intensity, channel diameter, electrode locations, interfacial tension, and flow ratio. The proposed methodology shows a simple methodology to transform a microdroplet into an array of miniaturized ones inside a straight microchannel for enhanced mass, energy, and momentum transfer, and higher throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Seim Timung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
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Nawaz AA, Chen Y, Nama N, Nissly RH, Ren L, Ozcelik A, Wang L, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12051-8. [PMID: 26331909 PMCID: PMC4888785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective isolation of cell subpopulations with defined biological characteristics is crucial for many biological studies and clinical applications. In this work, we present the development of an acoustofluidic fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) device that simultaneously performs on-demand, high-throughput, high-resolution cell detection and sorting, integrated onto a single chip. Our acoustofluidic FACS device uses the "microfluidic drifting" technique to precisely focus cells/particles three dimensionally and achieves a flow of single-file particles/cells as they pass through a laser interrogation region. We then utilize short bursts (150 μs) of standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) triggered by an electronic feedback system to sort fluorescently labeled particles/cells with desired biological properties. We have demonstrated continuous isolation of fluorescently labeled HeLa cells from unlabeled cells at a throughput of ∼1200 events/s with a purity reaching 92.3 ± 3.39%. Furthermore, 99.18% postsort cell viability indicates that our acoustofluidic sorting technique maintains a high integrity of cells. Therefore, our integrated acoustofluidic FACS device is demonstrated to achieve two-way cell sorting with high purity, biocompatibility, and biosafety. We believe that our device has significant potential for use as a low-cost, high-performance, portable, and user-friendly FACS instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad H-12, Pakistan
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ruth Helmus Nissly
- Microscopy and Cytometry Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies Inc., State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Anazawa T, Yokoi T, Uchiho Y. Side-Entry Laser-Beam Zigzag Irradiation of Multiple Channels in a Microchip for Simultaneous and Highly Sensitive Detection of Fluorescent Analytes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8623-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Anazawa
- Hitachi, Ltd., Research and Development Group, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Takahide Yokoi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Research and Development Group, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uchiho
- Hitachi, Ltd., Research and Development Group, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
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12
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Timung S, Tiwari V, Singh AK, Mandal TK, Bandyopadhyay D. Capillary force mediated flow patterns and non-monotonic pressure drop characteristics of oil-water microflows. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seim Timung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
| | - Vijeet Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; India
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13
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A multi-functional bubble-based microfluidic system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9942. [PMID: 25906043 PMCID: PMC4407724 DOI: 10.1038/srep09942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the bubble-based systems have offered a new paradigm in microfluidics. Gas bubbles are highly flexible, controllable and barely mix with liquids, and thus can be used for the creation of reconfigurable microfluidic systems. In this work, a hydrodynamically actuated bubble-based microfluidic system is introduced. This system enables the precise movement of air bubbles via axillary feeder channels to alter the geometry of the main channel and consequently the flow characteristics of the system. Mixing of neighbouring streams is demonstrated by oscillating the bubble at desired displacements and frequencies. Flow control is achieved by pushing the bubble to partially or fully close the main channel. Patterning of suspended particles is also demonstrated by creating a large bubble along the sidewalls. Rigorous analytical and numerical calculations are presented to describe the operation of the system. The examples presented in this paper highlight the versatility of the developed bubble-based actuator for a variety of applications; thus providing a vision that can be expanded for future highly reconfigurable microfluidics.
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Hu Z, Glidle A, Ironside C, Cooper JM, Yin H. An integrated microspectrometer for localised multiplexing measurements. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:283-289. [PMID: 25367674 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of an integrated lensed Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) microspectrometer for localized multiplexing fluorescence measurements. The device, which has a footprint that is only 1 mm wide and 1 cm long, is capable of spectroscopic measurements on chip. Multiple fluorescence signals were measured simultaneously based upon simple intensity readouts from a CCD camera. We also demonstrate the integration of the AWG spectrometer with a microfluidic platform using a lensing function to confine the beam shape for focused illumination. This capability enhances signal collection, gives better spatial resolution, and provides a route for the analysis of small volume samples (e.g. cells) in flow. To show these capabilities we developed a novel "bead-AWG" platform with which we demonstrate localized multiplexed fluorescence detection either simultaneously or successively. Such an integrated system provides the basis for a portable system capable of optical detection of multi-wavelength fluorescence from a single defined location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Hu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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Benavente-Babace A, Gallego-Pérez D, Hansford D, Arana S, Pérez-Lorenzo E, Mujika M. Single-cell trapping and selective treatment via co-flow within a microfluidic platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Sharma A, Tiwari V, Kumar V, Mandal TK, Bandyopadhyay D. Localized electric field induced transition and miniaturization of two-phase flow patterns inside microchannels. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2930-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Vijeet Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
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Immunological Analyses of Whole Blood via “Microfluidic Drifting” Based Flow Cytometric Chip. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2303-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Chen Y, Nawaz AA, Zhao Y, Huang PH, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Wang L, Huang TJ. Standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)-based microfluidic cytometer. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:916-23. [PMID: 24406848 PMCID: PMC3956078 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of microfluidic chip-based cytometers has become an important area due to their advantages of compact size and low cost. Herein, we demonstrate a sheathless microfluidic cytometer which integrates a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)-based microdevice capable of 3D particle/cell focusing with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system. Using SSAW, our microfluidic cytometer was able to continuously focus microparticles/cells at the pressure node inside a microchannel. Flow cytometry was successfully demonstrated using this system with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10% at a throughput of ~1000 events s(-1) when calibration beads were used. We also demonstrated that fluorescently labeled human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) could be effectively focused and detected with our SSAW-based system. This SSAW-based microfluidic cytometer did not require any sheath flows or complex structures, and it allowed for simple operation over a wide range of sample flow rates. Moreover, with the gentle, bio-compatible nature of low-power surface acoustic waves, this technique is expected to be able to preserve the integrity of cells and other bioparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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19
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Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Sacristán C, Depoil D, Wlodkowic D, McIntyre P, Mitchell A. Immunology on chip: Promises and opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:333-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Nawaz AA, Zhang X, Mao X, Rufo J, Lin SCS, Guo F, Zhao Y, Lapsley M, Li P, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. Sub-micrometer-precision, three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing via "microfluidic drifting". LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:415-23. [PMID: 24287742 PMCID: PMC3989543 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50810b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate single-layered, "microfluidic drifting" based three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing devices with particle/cell focal positioning approaching submicron precision along both lateral and vertical directions. By systematically optimizing channel geometries and sample/sheath flow rates, a series of "microfluidic drifting" based 3D hydrodynamic focusing devices with different curvature angles are designed and fabricated. Their performances are then evaluated using confocal microscopy, fast camera imaging, and side-view imaging techniques. Using a device with a curvature angle of 180°, we have achieved a standard deviation of ±0.45 μm in particle focal position and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.37% in flow cytometric measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best CV that has been achieved using a microfluidic flow cytometry device. Moreover, the device showed the capability to distinguish 8 peaks when subjected to a stringent 8-peak rainbow calibration test, signifying the ability to perform sensitive, accurate tests similar to commercial flow cytometers. We have further tested and validated our device by detection of HEK-293 cells. With its advantages in simple fabrication (i.e., single-layered device), precise 3D hydrodynamic focusing (i.e., submicrometer precision along both lateral and vertical directions), and high detection resolution (i.e., low CV), our method could serve as an important basis for high-performance, mass-producible microfluidic flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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21
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Wei Q, McLeod E, Qi H, Wan Z, Sun R, Ozcan A. On-chip cytometry using plasmonic nanoparticle enhanced lensfree holography. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1699. [PMID: 23608952 PMCID: PMC3632884 DOI: 10.1038/srep01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational microscopy tools, in particular lensfree on-chip imaging, provide a large field-of-view along with a long depth-of-field, which makes it feasible to rapidly analyze large volumes of specimen using a compact and light-weight on-chip imaging architecture. To bring molecular specificity to this high-throughput platform, here we demonstrate the use of plasmon-resonant metallic nanoparticles to automatically recognize different cell types based on their plasmon-enhanced lensfree holograms, detected and reconstructed over a large field-of-view of e.g., ~24 mm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Wlodkowic D, Skommer J, Akagi J, Fujimura Y, Takeda K. Multiparameter analysis of apoptosis using lab-on-a-chip flow cytometry. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2013; 66:9.42.1-9.42.15. [PMID: 24510726 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0942s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The age of microfluidic flow cytometry (µFCM) is fast becoming a reality. One of the most exciting applications of miniaturized chip-based cytometers is multivariate analysis using sampling volumes as small as 10 µl while matching the multiparameter data collection of conventional flow cytometers. We outline several innovative protocols for analyzing caspase-dependent cell death and cell cycle (DNA-content) profile using a fully integrated microfluidic flow cytometry system, Fishman-R. The first protocol describes the use of a new plasma membrane-permeability marker, DRAQ7, and the fluorogenic caspase substrate PhiPhiLux to track caspase activation during programmed cell death. Also outlined is the use of DRAQ7 fluorochrome in conjunction with the mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive probe TMRM to track dissipation of inner mitochondrial cross-membrane potential. Another protocol adds the ability to measure dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (using TMRM probe) in relation to the cell cycle profile (using DRAQ5 probe) in living leukemic cells. Finally, we describe the combined use of fluorogenic caspases substrate PhiPhiLux with DRAQ5 probe to measure caspase activation in relation to the cell cycle profile in living tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna Skommer
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jin Akagi
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoo Fujimura
- R&D Division, On-chip Biotechnologies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takeda
- R&D Division, On-chip Biotechnologies, Tokyo, Japan
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Song S, Choi S. Field-free, sheathless cell focusing in exponentially expanding hydrophoretic channels for microflow cytometry. Cytometry A 2013; 83:1034-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjeong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Kyung Hee University; 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Kyung Hee University; 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
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Microflow cytometers with integrated hydrodynamic focusing. SENSORS 2013; 13:4674-93. [PMID: 23571670 PMCID: PMC3673106 DOI: 10.3390/s130404674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the suitability of microfluidic structures for high throughput blood cell analysis. The microfluidic chips exploit fully integrated hydrodynamic focusing based on two different concepts: Two-stage cascade focusing and spin focusing (vortex) principle. The sample--A suspension of micro particles or blood cells--is injected into a sheath fluid streaming at a substantially higher flow rate, which assures positioning of the particles in the center of the flow channel. Particle velocities of a few m/s are achieved as required for high throughput blood cell analysis. The stability of hydrodynamic particle positioning was evaluated by measuring the pulse heights distributions of fluorescence signals from calibration beads. Quantitative assessment based on coefficient of variation for the fluorescence intensity distributions resulted in a value of about 3% determined for the micro-device exploiting cascade hydrodynamic focusing. For the spin focusing approach similar values were achieved for sample flow rates being 1.5 times lower. Our results indicate that the performances of both variants of hydrodynamic focusing suit for blood cell differentiation and counting. The potential of the micro flow cytometer is demonstrated by detecting immunologically labeled CD3 positive and CD4 positive T-lymphocytes in blood.
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