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Tao H, Weng S, Xu L, Ye J, Fan M, Wang Y, Lin Y, Lin D, Wang Q, Feng S. Target-triggered assembly of plasmon resonance nanostructures for quantitative detection of lncRNA in liver cancer cells via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116488. [PMID: 38905860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Long-stranded non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have important roles in disease as transcriptional regulators, mRNA processing regulators and protein synthesis factors. However, traditional methods for detecting lncRNA are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the functions of lncRNA are still being explored. Here, we present a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based biosensor for the detection of lncRNA associated with liver cancer (LC) as well as in situ cellular imaging. Using the dual SERS probes, quantitative detection of lncRNA (DAPK1-215) can be achieved with an ultra-low detection limit of 952 aM by the target-triggered assembly of core-satellite nanostructures. And the reliability of this assay can be further improved with the R2 value of 0.9923 by an internal standard probe that enables the signal dynamic calibration. Meanwhile, the high expression of DAPK1-215 mainly distributed in the cytoplasm was observed in LC cells compared with the normal ones using the SERS imaging method. Moreover, results of cellular function assays showed that DAPK1-215 promoted the migration and invasion of LC by significantly reducing the expression of the structural domain of death associated protein kinase. The development of this biosensor based on SERS can provide a sensitive and specific method for exploring the expression of lncRNA that would be a potential biomarker for the screening of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tao
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Shuyun Weng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Luyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Jianqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Min Fan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medical University Medicine, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China.
| | - Qingshui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medical University Medicine, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China.
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, PR China.
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Wu X, Fan T, Eftekhar AA, Hosseinnia AH, Adibi A. High-Q ultrasensitive integrated photonic sensors based on slot-ring resonator on a 3C-SiC-on-insulator platform. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4316-4319. [PMID: 34470003 DOI: 10.1364/ol.434689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first high-Q silicon carbide (SiC) integrated photonic sensor based on slot-ring resonators on a 3C-SiC-on-insulator (SiCOI) platform. We experimentally demonstrate an intrinsic Q of 17,400 at around 1310 nm wavelength for a slot-ring resonator with 40 µm radius with water cladding. By applying different concentrations of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution that covers the devices, measured bulk sensitivities of 264-300 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) are achieved in the slot-ring resonator with a 400-450 nm rail width and a 100-200 nm slot width. The device performance for biomolecular layer sensing (BMLS) is proved by the detection of the cardiac biomarker troponin with 248-322 pm/nm surface sensitivity. The reported slot-ring resonators can be of great interest for diverse sensing applications from visible to infrared wavelengths.
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Zhang S, Huang J, Lu J, Liu M, Chen X, Su S, Mo F, Zheng J. Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing Strategies for DNA Methylation Analysis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:6159-6187. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190903161750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is considered as a crucial part of epigenetic modifications and a popular
research topic in recent decades. It usually occurs with a methyl group adding to the fifth carbon
atom of cytosine while the base sequence of DNA remains unchanged. DNA methylation has significant
influences on maintaining cell functions, genetic imprinting, embryonic development and
tumorigenesis procedures and hence the analysis of DNA methylation is of great medical significance.
With the development of analytical techniques and further research on DNA methylation,
numerous DNA methylation detection strategies based on biosensing technology have been developed
to fulfill various study requirements. This article reviewed the development of electrochemistry
and optical biosensing analysis of DNA methylation in recent years; in addition, we also reviewed
some recent advances in the detection of DNA methylation using new techniques, such as
nanopore biosensors, and highlighted the key technical and biological challenges involved in these
methods. We hope this paper will provide useful information for the selection and establishment of
analysis of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jingrun Lu
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shasha Su
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Basic Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
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Soler M, Scholtz A, Zeto R, Armani AM. Engineering photonics solutions for COVID-19. APL PHOTONICS 2020; 5:090901. [PMID: 33015361 PMCID: PMC7523711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the impact of COVID-19 on society became apparent, the engineering and scientific community recognized the need for innovative solutions. Two potential roadmaps emerged: developing short-term solutions to address the immediate needs of the healthcare communities and developing mid/long-term solutions to eliminate the over-arching threat. However, in a truly global effort, researchers from all backgrounds came together in tackling this challenge. Short-term efforts have focused on re-purposing existing technologies and leveraging additive manufacturing techniques to address shortages in personal protective equipment and disinfection. More basic research efforts with mid-term and long-term impact have emphasized developing novel diagnostics and accelerating vaccines. As a foundational technology, photonics has contributed directly and indirectly to all efforts. This perspective will provide an overview of the critical role that the photonics field has played in efforts to combat the immediate COVID-19 pandemic as well as how the photonics community could anticipate contributing to future pandemics of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications
Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST
and CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexis Scholtz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
| | - Rene Zeto
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California 90089, USA
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Ban DK, Liu Y, Wang Z, Ramachandran S, Sarkar N, Shi Z, Liu W, Karkisaval AG, Martinez-Loran E, Zhang F, Glinsky G, Bandaru PR, Fan C, Lal R. Direct DNA Methylation Profiling with an Electric Biosensor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6743-6751. [PMID: 32407064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the principal epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression in humans, and its profiling provides critical information about health and disease. Current profiling methods require chemical modification of bases followed by sequencing, which is expensive and time-consuming. Here, we report a direct and rapid determination of DNA methylation using an electric biosensor. The device consists of a DNA-tweezer probe integrated on a graphene field-effect transistor for label-free, highly sensitive, and specific methylation profiling. The device performance was evaluated with a target DNA that harbors a sequence of the methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a promoter of glioblastoma multiforme, a lethal brain tumor. The results show that we successfully profiled the methylated and nonmethylated forms at picomolar concentrations. Further, fluorescence kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the position of the methylation site(s), their proximity, and accessibility to the toe-hold region of the tweezer probe are the primary determinants of the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Kumar Ban
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yushuang Liu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nirjhar Sarkar
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ze Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wenhan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Abhijith G Karkisaval
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Erick Martinez-Loran
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Gennadi Glinsky
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Prabhakar R Bandaru
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chunhai Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ratnesh Lal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Huertas CS, Calvo-Lozano O, Mitchell A, Lechuga LM. Advanced Evanescent-Wave Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Nucleic Acids: An Analytic Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:724. [PMID: 31709240 PMCID: PMC6823211 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evanescent-wave optical biosensors have become an attractive alternative for the screening of nucleic acids in the clinical context. They possess highly sensitive transducers able to perform detection of a wide range of nucleic acid-based biomarkers without the need of any label or marker. These optical biosensor platforms are very versatile, allowing the incorporation of an almost limitless range of biorecognition probes precisely and robustly adhered to the sensor surface by covalent surface chemistry approaches. In addition, their application can be further enhanced by their combination with different processes, thanks to their integration with complex and automated microfluidic systems, facilitating the development of multiplexed and user-friendly platforms. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of cutting-edge analytical strategies based on these label-free optical biosensors able to deal with the drawbacks related to DNA and RNA detection, from single point mutations assays and epigenetic alterations, to bacterial infections. Several plasmonic and silicon photonic-based biosensors are described together with their most recent applications in this area. We also identify and analyse the main challenges faced when attempting to harness this technology and how several innovative approaches introduced in the last years manage those issues, including the use of new biorecognition probes, surface functionalization approaches, signal amplification and enhancement strategies, as well as, sophisticated microfluidic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olalla Calvo-Lozano
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura M. Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Sun H, Wang H, Bai W, Bao L, Lin J, Li Y. Sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing method for the determination of DNA hydroxymethylation based on Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles labeling and MoS2-poly(acrylic acid) nanosheets modified electrode. Talanta 2019; 191:350-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Cui L, Hu J, Wang M, Li CC, Zhang CY. Label-Free and Immobilization-Free Electrochemical Magnetobiosensor for Sensitive Detection of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genomic DNA. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1232-1236. [PMID: 30588799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is an important epigenetic biomarker for tumorigenesis, and the loss of 5-hmC levels is associated with leukemia and melanoma cancers. However, it is a great challenge to discriminate 5-hmC from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) using the conventional bisulfite conversion methods. Herein, we report a label-free and immobilization-free electrochemical magnetobiosensor for sensitive quantification of 5-hmC in genomic DNA based on a dual signal amplification strategy coupled with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) enzymatic amplification and Ru(III) redox cycling. This screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based electrochemical magnetobiosensor shows distinct advantages of having low cost and simple fabrication and being label-free, immobilization-free, PCR-free, and radioactive-free. It exhibits high sensitivity with a detection limit of as low as 9.06 fM and a large dynamic range from 0.01 to 1000 pM. Importantly, this biosensor can discriminate 5-hmC from cytosine and 5-mC, and it can successfully detect 5-hmC in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , Shandong 250014 , PR China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , Shandong 250014 , PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , Shandong 250014 , PR China
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , Shandong 250014 , PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , Shandong 250014 , PR China
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9
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Zhang YN, Zhou T, Han B, Zhang A, Zhao Y. Optical bio-chemical sensors based on whispering gallery mode resonators. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13832-13856. [PMID: 30020301 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have attracted extensive attention and their unique characteristics have led to some remarkable achievements. In particular, when combined with optical sensing technology, the WGM reonator-based sensor offers the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and a real-time dynamic response. At present, this type of sensor is widely applied in the bio-chemical sensing field. In this paper, we briefly review the sensing principle, the structures and the sensing applications of optical bio-chemical sensors based on the WGM resonator, with particular focuses on their sensing properties and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the existing problems and future development trends of WGM resonator-based optical bio-chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianmin Zhou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Bo Han
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and Liaoning Provincial Institute of Measurement, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Aozhuo Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
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10
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Label-Free Optical Biodetection of Pathogen Virulence Factors in Complex Media Using Microtoroids with Multifunctional Surface Functionality. ACS Sens 2018; 3:352-359. [PMID: 29336141 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogens or their virulence factors in complex media has a key role in early diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Nanomolar and selective detection of Exotoxin A, which is a virulence factor secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, can pave the way for early diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infections. In this study, we conducted a preliminary study to demonstrate the feasibility of optical biodetection of P. aeruginosa Exotoxin A in a diluted artificial sputum mimicking the CF respiratory environment. Our surface engineering approach provides an effective biointerface enabling highly selective detection of the Exotoxin A molecules in the complex media using monoclonal anti-Exotoxin A functionalized microtoroids. The highly resilient microtoroid surface toward other constituents of the sputum provides Exotoxin A detection ability in the complex media by reproducible measurements. In this study, the limit-of-detection of Exotoxin A in the complex media is calculated as 2.45 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Wang ZY, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhang CY. Sensitive and label-free discrimination of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine in DNA by ligation-mediated rolling circle amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8602-8605. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03938k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop a label-free fluorescence method for sensitive discrimination of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by ligation-mediated rolling circle amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-yue Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals
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12
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Posha B, Nambiar SR, Sandhyarani N. Gold atomic cluster mediated electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of lipopolysaccharide. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 101:199-205. [PMID: 29078201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed an aptamer immobilized gold atomic cluster mediated, ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor (Apt/AuAC/Au) for LPS detection without any additional signal amplification strategy. The aptamer self-assemble onto the gold atomic clusters makes Apt/AuAC/Au an excellent platform for the LPS detection. Differential pulse voltammetry and EIS were used for the quantitative LPS detection. The Apt/AuAC/Au sensor offers an ultrasensitive and selective detection of LPS down to 7.94 × 10-21M level with a wide dynamic range from 0.01 attomolar to 1pM. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and stability. The real sample analysis was performed by spiking the diluted insulin sample with various concentration of LPS and obtained recovery within 2% error value. The sensor is found to be more sensitive than most of the literature reports. The simple and easy way of construction of this sensor provides an efficient and promising detection of an even trace amount of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyas Posha
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India
| | - Sindhu R Nambiar
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630006, India
| | - N Sandhyarani
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India.
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13
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Wei Y, Sun H, Wang H. A sensitive signal-off electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing method for the discrimination of DNA hydroxymethylation based on glycosylation modification and signal quenching from ferroceneboronic acid. Talanta 2017; 170:546-551. [PMID: 28501209 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new and sensitive signal-off electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing method for the quantification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA (5-hmC-DNA) was developed. The method achieved simple and sensitive detection of 5-hmC-DNA based on the glycosylation of 5-hmC, combining both the amplification function of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the high quenching efficiency of the tris(2, 2'-ripyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)-ferrocene (Fc) system. First, the electrode modified with a mixture of Nafion and AuNPs was utilized as the platform for electrostatically adsorbing Ru(bpy)32+(an ECL-emitting species) and assembling 5-hmC-DNA. The 5-hmC-DNA was glycosylated by T4 β-glucosyltransferase, yielding β-glucosyl-5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine in DNA (5-ghmC-DNA). Finally, quencher-FcBA was further covalently bound to 5-ghmC-DNA through formation of boronate ester covalent bonds between boronic acid and cis-diols of 5-ghmC, resulting in a decrease in ECL intensity. The results indicated that the decreased ECL intensity was directly linear to the concentration of 5-hmC-DNA in the range from 1.0×10-8 to 5.0×10-11M with a low detection limit of 1.63×10-11M. In addition, this ECL method was demonstrated to be useful for the quantification of 5-hmC in clinical serum samples. Moreover, the method allowed good discrimination among cytosine (5-C), 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and 5-hmC in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yingying Wei
- Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Huiping Sun
- Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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14
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Halonen N, Kilpijärvi J, Sobocinski M, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Hassinen A, Prakash SB, Möller P, Abshire P, Kellokumpu S, Lloyd Spetz A. Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1871-1877. [PMID: 28144536 PMCID: PMC5238666 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability monitoring is an important part of biosafety evaluation for the detection of toxic effects on cells caused by nanomaterials, preferably by label-free, noninvasive, fast, and cost effective methods. These requirements can be met by monitoring cell viability with a capacitance-sensing integrated circuit (IC) microchip. The capacitance provides a measurement of the surface attachment of adherent cells as an indication of their health status. However, the moist, warm, and corrosive biological environment requires reliable packaging of the sensor chip. In this work, a second generation of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology was combined with flip-chip bonding to provide a durable package compatible with cell culture. The LTCC-packaged sensor chip was integrated with a printed circuit board, data acquisition device, and measurement-controlling software. The packaged sensor chip functioned well in the presence of cell medium and cells, with output voltages depending on the medium above the capacitors. Moreover, the manufacturing of microfluidic channels in the LTCC package was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Halonen
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Joni Kilpijärvi
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Maciej Sobocinski
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Someshekar B Prakash
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Advanced Design Organization, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, USA
| | - Peter Möller
- Division of Applied Sensor Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pamela Abshire
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anita Lloyd Spetz
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Division of Applied Sensor Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
In the field of genetics, epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression without any change in DNA sequences. Chemical base modification in DNA by DNA methyltransferase, and specifically methylation, has been well studied as the main mechanism of epigenetics. Therefore, the determination of DNA methylation of, for example, 5'-methylcytosine in the CpG sequence in mammals has attracted attention because it should prove valuable in a wide range of research fields including diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapy. Methylated DNA bases and DNA methyltransferase activity are analyzed using conventional methods; however, these methods are time-consuming and require complex multiple operations. Therefore, new methods and devices for DNA methylation analysis are now being actively developed. Furthermore, microfluidic technology has also been applied to DNA methylation analysis because the microfluidic platform offers the promising advantage of making it possible to perform thousands of DNA methylation reactions in small reaction volumes, resulting in a high-throughput analysis with high sensitivity. This review discusses epigenetics and the microfluidic platforms developed for DNA methylation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and DAILAB, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan.
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16
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Ma S, Sun H, Li Y, Qi H, Zheng J. Discrimination between 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-Methylcytosine in DNA via Selective Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) Labeling. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9934-9940. [PMID: 27620533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is used to dynamically reprogram cells in the course of early embryonic development in mammals. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA (5-hmC-DNA) plays essential roles in the demethylation processes. 5-Methylcytosine in DNA (5-mC-DNA) is oxidized to 5-hmC-DNA by 10-11 translocation proteins, which are relatively high abundance in embryonic stem cells and neurons. A new method was developed herein to quantify 5-hmC-DNA based on selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) labeling with the specific oxidation of 5-hmC to 5-fC by KRuO4. A thiolated capture probe (ssDNA, 35-mer) for the target DNA containing 5-hmC was self-assembled on a gold surface. The 5-hmC in the target DNA was selectively transformed to 5-fC via oxidation by KRuO4 and then subsequently labeled with N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI). The ABEI-labeled target DNA was hybridized with the capture probe on the electrode, resulting in a strong ECL emission. An extremely low detection limit of 1.4 × 10-13 M was achieved for the detection of 5-hmC-DNA. In addition, this ECL method was useful for the quantification of 5-hmC in serum samples. This work demonstrates that selective 5-hmC oxidation in combination with an inherently sensitive ECL method is a promising tactic for 5-hmC biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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17
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Oligonucleotide-based label-free detection with optical microresonators: strategies and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2572-2595. [PMID: 27306702 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review targets diversified oligonucleotide-based biodetection techniques, focusing on the use of microresonators of whispering gallery mode (WGM) type as optical biosensors mostly integrated with lab-on-a-chip systems. On-chip and microfluidics combined devices along with optical microresonators provide rapid, robust, reproducible and multiplexed biodetection abilities in considerably small volumes. We present a detailed overview of the studies conducted so far, including biodetection of various oligonucleotide biomarkers as well as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. We particularly advert to chemical surface modifications for specific and selective biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Wade JH, Bailey RC. Applications of Optical Microcavity Resonators in Analytical Chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:1-25. [PMID: 27049629 PMCID: PMC5818158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical resonator sensors are an emerging class of analytical technologies that use recirculating light confined within a microcavity to sensitively measure the surrounding environment. Bolstered by advances in microfabrication, these devices can be configured for a wide variety of chemical or biomolecular sensing applications. We begin with a brief description of optical resonator sensor operation, followed by discussions regarding sensor design, including different geometries, choices of material systems, methods of sensor interrogation, and new approaches to sensor operation. Throughout, key developments are highlighted, including advancements in biosensing and other applications of optical sensors. We discuss the potential of alternative sensing mechanisms and hybrid sensing devices for more sensitive and rapid analyses. We conclude with our perspective on the future of optical microcavity sensors and their promise as versatile detection elements within analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Wade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
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19
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Heimer BW, Tam BE, Minkovsky A, Sikes HD. Using nanobiotechnology to increase the prevalence of epigenotyping assays in precision medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27126368 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of genes that are important for DNA repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix has been causally linked to several subtypes of cancer. Translating this knowledge of the implications of promoter methylation to wide and routine use in clinical pathology laboratories has been more challenging than the case of genetic analyses because epigenetic modifications do not change the underlying sequence of the affected nucleic acid, rendering polymerase chain reaction analysis alone uninformative. Two epigenotyping assays that detect promoter methylation are currently standard of care in treatment of two distinct tumor types in only a few top hospitals across the United States. Both rely on a harsh chemical step that degrades over 90% of tumor DNA samples, which are often available in limited quantities, and imparts the potential for false-negative or false-positive results if the reaction conditions are not exactly correct. Using nanotechnology and biotechnology to devise practical new analysis techniques that avoid the drawbacks of current techniques represents a powerful approach that is likely to significantly increase the clinical use of this class of biomarkers in the coming years. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1407. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1407 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Heimer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brooke E Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alissa Minkovsky
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Rydosz A, Brzozowska E, Górska S, Wincza K, Gamian A, Gruszczynski S. A broadband capacitive sensing method for label-free bacterial LPS detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 75:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Real-Time and Selective Detection of Single Nucleotide DNA Mutations Using Surface Engineered Microtoroids. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10920-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Zhou Y, Yang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Yin H, Ai S. Electrochemical biosensor for detection of DNA hydroxymethylation based on glycosylation and alkaline phosphatase catalytic signal amplification. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Label-free, single molecule resonant cavity detection: a double-blind experimental study. SENSORS 2015; 15:6324-41. [PMID: 25785307 PMCID: PMC4435135 DOI: 10.3390/s150306324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical resonant cavity sensors are gaining increasing interest as a potential diagnostic method for a range of applications, including medical prognostics and environmental monitoring. However, the majority of detection demonstrations to date have involved identifying a “known” analyte, and the more rigorous double-blind experiment, in which the experimenter must identify unknown solutions, has yet to be performed. This scenario is more representative of a real-world situation. Therefore, before these devices can truly transition, it is necessary to demonstrate this level of robustness. By combining a recently developed surface chemistry with integrated silica optical sensors, we have performed a double-blind experiment to identify four unknown solutions. The four unknown solutions represented a subset or complete set of four known solutions; as such, there were 256 possible combinations. Based on the single molecule detection signal, we correctly identified all solutions. In addition, as part of this work, we developed noise reduction algorithms.
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24
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Abstract
Polymeric microring resonator platform employing a flow-through approach is realized. A reduction of more than one order of magnitude of the sensor response time respect to standard flow-over approach is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Grimaldi
- Institute for Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Environment (IREA)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- Naples
- Italy
| | - G. Testa
- Institute for Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Environment (IREA)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- Naples
- Italy
| | - R. Bernini
- Institute for Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Environment (IREA)
- National Research Council (CNR)
- Naples
- Italy
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