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Zhang Z, Yuan X, Guo H, Shang P. The Influence of Electrode Design on Detecting the Effects of Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) on Pre-Osteoblast through Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS). BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 36979534 PMCID: PMC10046662 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection sensitivity is a crucial factor in the application of ECIS sensors. For these biosensors, the electrode configuration has a direct impact on sensitivity, yet few studies on monopolar electrodes have been reported. In this study, ECIS sensor arrays, which have a series of working electrode configuration with a wide diameter range and different electrode number, were fabricated to monitor living osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. The experimental results revealed that when the electrode diameter was larger than 25 μm, electrodes with smaller diameter and number yielded higher impedance values and generated more impedance shift to cell status change. The membrane capacitance obtained by equivalent circuit fitting was at the same level. When the electrode diameter was even smaller, the results in detection of cell monolayer were opposite, and there was no distinct relationship between impedance and membrane capacitance shift to cell status change and electrode geometry. The proposed sensor chip, allowing for a sustained and stable detection of cellular impedance, provides the basis for the selection of the electrode configuration of monopolar electrodes. The test results of electrodes with a diameter of 25 μm and lower indicated the possibility of single cell impedance measurement, which can provide unique insight into the heterogeneous electrical behavior of cells, and, in this case, the electrode size should be close to the cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
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2
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Anderson G, McLeod A, Bagnaninchi P, Dhillon B. Quantitative action spectroscopy reveals ARPE19 sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation at 350 nm and 380 nm. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14223. [PMID: 35988000 PMCID: PMC9392763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in the aetiology of retinal degeneration has been debated for decades with epidemiological evidence failing to find a clear consensus for or against it playing a role. A key reason for this is a lack of foundational research into the response of living retinal tissue to UVR in regard to modern ageing-specific parameters of tissue function. We therefore explored the response of cultured retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), the loss of which heralds advanced visual decline, to specific wavelengths of UVR across the UV-B and UV-A bands found in natural sunlight. Using a bespoke in vitro UVR exposure apparatus coupled with bandpass filters we exposed the immortalised RPE cell line, ARPE-19, to 10 nm bands of UVR between 290 and 405 nm. Physical cell dynamics were assessed during exposure in cells cultured upon specialist electrode culture plates which allow for continuous, non-invasive electrostatic interrogation of key cell parameters during exposure such as monolayer coverage and tight-junction integrity. UVR exposures were also utilised to quantify wavelength-specific effects using a rapid cell viability assay and a phenotypic profiling assay which was leveraged to simultaneously quantify intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, mitochondrial stress, epithelial integrity and cell viability as part of a phenotypic profiling approach to quantifying the effects of UVR. Electrical impedance assessment revealed unforeseen detrimental effects of UV-A, beginning at 350 nm, alongside previously demonstrated UV-B impacts. Cell viability analysis also highlighted increased effects at 350 nm as well as 380 nm. Effects at 350 nm were further substantiated by high content image analysis which highlighted increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We conclude that ARPE-19 cells exhibit a previously uncharacterised sensitivity to UV-A radiation, specifically at 350 nm and somewhat less at 380 nm. If upheld in vivo, such sensitivity will have impacts upon geoepidemiological risk scoring of macular sensitivity.
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3
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Wang SH, Tung TH, Chiu SP, Chou HY, Hung YH, Lai YT, Lee YW, Lee SP, Lo CM. Detecting Effects of Low Levels of FCCP on Stem Cell Micromotion and Wound-Healing Migration by Time-Series Capacitance Measurement. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093017. [PMID: 33923058 PMCID: PMC8123359 DOI: 10.3390/s21093017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been used as a real-time impedance-based method to quantify cell behavior in tissue culture. The method is capable of measuring both the resistance and capacitance of a cell-covered microelectrode at various AC frequencies. In this study, we demonstrate the application of high-frequency capacitance measurement (f = 40 or 64 kHz) for the sensitive detection of both the micromotion and wound-healing migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Impedance measurements of cell-covered electrodes upon the challenge of various concentrations of carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), from 0.1 to 30 μM, were conducted using ECIS. FCCP is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thereby reducing mitochondrial ATP production. By numerically analyzing the time-series capacitance data, a dose-dependent decrease in hMSC micromotion and wound-healing migration was observed, and the effect was significantly detected at levels as low as 0.1 μM. While most reported works with ECIS use the resistance/impedance time series, our results suggest the potential use of high-frequency capacitance time series for assessing migratory cell behavior such as micromotion and wound-healing migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Tse-Hua Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Sheng-Po Chiu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yi Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (C.-M.L.)
| | - Chun-Min Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (C.-M.L.)
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4
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Biswas P, Borooah S, Matsui H, Voronchikhina M, Zhou J, Zawaydeh Q, Raghavendra PB, Ferreyra H, Riazuddin SA, Wahlin K, Frazer KA, Ayyagari R. Detection and validation of novel mutations in MERTK in a simplex case of retinal degeneration using WGS and hiPSC-RPEs model. Hum Mutat 2020; 42:189-199. [PMID: 33252167 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous conditions with a broad phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we report detection and validation of the underlying cause of progressive retinal degeneration in a nuclear family of European descent with a single affected individual. Whole genome sequencing of the proband and her unaffected sibling identified a novel intron 8 donor splice site variant (c.1296 + 1G>A) and a novel 731 base pair deletion encompassing exon 9 (Chr2:g.112751488_112752218 del) resulting in c.1297_1451del; p.K433_G484fsTer3 in the Mer tyrosine kinase protooncogene (MERTK), which is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The proband carried both variants in the heterozygous state, which segregated with disease in the pedigree. These MERTK variants are predicted to result in the defective splicing of exon 8 and loss of exon 9 respectively. To evaluate the impact of these novel variants, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the proband and her parents were reprogrammed to humaninduced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, which were subsequently differentiated to hiPSC-RPE. Analysis of the proband's hiPSC-RPE revealed the absence of both MERTK transcript and its respective protein as well as abnormal phagocytosis when compared with the parental hiPSC-RPE. In summary, whole genome sequencing identified novel compound heterozygous variants in MERTK as the underlying cause of progressive retinal degeneration in a simplex case. Further, analysis using an hiPSC-RPE model established the functional impact of novel MERTK mutations and revealed the potential mechanism underlying pathology in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marina Voronchikhina
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Zhou
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qais Zawaydeh
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pongali B Raghavendra
- REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University-MAHE, Bangalore, India
| | - Henry Ferreyra
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Univesity School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, Division of Genome Information Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Boutzen J, Valet M, Alviset A, Fradot V, Rousseau L, Picaud S, Lissorgues G, Français O. A detailed in-vitro study of Retinal pigment epithelium's growth as seen from the perspective of impedance spectroscopy analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112469. [PMID: 32862069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to assess growth and maturation phases of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in-vitro at the cell layer level using impedance spectroscopy measurements on platinum electrodes. We extracted relevant parameters from an electrical circuit model fitted with the measured spectra. Based on microscopic imaging, the growth state of an independent culture developing in the same conditions is used as reference. We show that the confluence point is identified from a graphical analysis of the spectra transition as well as by observing a reconstructed parameter representing the average capacitance of the cell layer. More generally, this work presents a detailed investigation on how cell culture's state relates with either model parameter analysis or with graphical analysis of the measured spectra over a wide frequency band. While applied to the RPE, this work is also suitable for the study of any kind of monolayer epithelial cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Boutzen
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France.
| | - Manon Valet
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Agathe Alviset
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Valérie Fradot
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Lionel Rousseau
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Gaëlle Lissorgues
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Olivier Français
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
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6
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Eldawud R, Wagner A, Dong C, Gupta N, Rojanasakul Y, O'Doherty G, Stueckle TA, Dinu CZ. Potential antitumor activity of digitoxin and user-designed analog administered to human lung cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129683. [PMID: 32679249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac glycosides (CGs), such as digitoxin, are traditionally used for treatment of congestive heart failure; recently they also gained attention for their anticancer properties. Previous studies showed that digitoxin and a synthetic L-sugar monosaccharide analog treatment decreases cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and pro-adhesion abilities; however, no reports are available on their potential to alter lung cancer cell cytoskeleton structure and reduce migratory ability. Herein, we investigated the anticancer effects of digitoxin and its analog, digitoxigenin-α-L-rhamnoside (D6MA), to establish whether cytoskeleton reorganization and reduced motility are drug-induced cellular outcomes. METHODS We treated non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (NSCLCs) with sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic concentrations of digitoxin and D6MA respectively, followed by both single point and real-time assays to evaluate changes in cellular gene and protein expression, adhesion, elasticity, and migration. RESULTS Digitoxin and D6MA induced a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases expression via altered focal adhesion signaling and a suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases / protein kinase B pathway which lead to enhanced adhesion, altered elasticity, and reduced motility of NSCLCs. Global gene expression analysis identified dose-dependent changes to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer, epithelial tumor, and microtubule dynamics signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that digitoxin and D6MA can target antitumor signaling pathways to alter NSCLC cytoskeleton and migratory ability to thus potentially reduce their tumorigenicity. SIGNIFICANCE Discovering signaling pathways that control cancer's cell phenotype and how such pathways are affected by CG treatment will potentially allow for active usage of synthetic CG analogs as therapeutic agents in advanced lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Eldawud
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - George O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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7
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Jiang W, Chen H, Tai Z, Li T, Luo L, Tong Z, Zhu W. Apigenin and Ethaverine Hydrochloride Enhance Retinal Vascular Barrier In Vitro and In Vivo. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:8. [PMID: 32821505 PMCID: PMC7409011 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to develop an impedance-based drug screening platform that will help identify drugs that can enhance the vascular barrier function by stabilizing vascular endothelial cell junctions. Methods Changes in permeability of cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) monolayer were monitored in real-time with the xCELLigence RTCA system. Using this platform, we performed a primary screen of 2100 known drugs and confirmed hits using two additional secondary permeability assays: the transwell permeability assay and the XPerT assay. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of action and in vivo therapeutic efficacy were also assessed. Results Eleven compounds blocked interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induced hyperpermeability in the primary screen. Two of 11 compounds, apigenin and ethaverine hydrochloride, reproducibly blocked multiple cytokines induced hyperpermeability. In addition to HRMEC monolayers, the two compounds stabilized three other types of primary vascular endothelial cell monolayers. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the two compounds stabilize the endothelium by blocking ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) activation, which results in enhanced VE-cadherin membrane localization. The two compounds showed in vivo efficacy in an animal model of retinal permeability. Conclusions We developed an impedance-based cellular phenotypic drug screening platform that can identify drugs that enhance vascular barrier function. We found apigenin and ethaverine hydrochloride stabilize endothelial cell junctions and enhance the vascular barrier by blocking ARF6 activation and increasing VE-cadherin membrane localization. Translational Relevance The drugs identified from the phenotypic screen would have potential therapeutic efficacy in retinal vascular diseases regardless of the underlying mechanisms that promote vascular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Boutzen J, Valet M, Alviset A, Fradot V, Rousseau L, Français O, Picaud S, Lissorgues G. Impedance spectroscopy study of the retinal pigment epithelium: Application to the monitoring of blue light exposure effect on A2E-loaded in-vitro cell cultures. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 161:112180. [PMID: 32365009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In age-related macular degeneration, the retinal pigment epithelium can be damaged by light acting on photosensitizers like N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). In this paper, the underlying cellular mechanism of lesion at the cell layer scale is analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are cultured on top of custom-made electrodes capable of taking impedance measurements, with the help of a custom-made electronic setup but without the use of any chemical markers. An incubator is used to house the cells growing on the electrodes. An electrical model circuit is presented and linked to the constituents of the cell layer in which various electrical elements have been defined including a constant phase element (CPE) associated to the interface between the cell layer and the electrolyte. Their values are extracted from the fitted model of the measured impedance spectra. In this paper, we first investigate which parameters of the model can be analyzed independently. In that way, the parameter's evolution is examined with respect to two different targeted changes of the epithelium: 1. degradation of tight junctions between cells by extracellular calcium sequestration with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); 2. application of high amplitude short length electric field pulses. Based on the results obtained showing a clear relation between the model and the physiological state of the cell layer, the same procedure is applied to blue light exposure experiment. When A2E-loaded cells are exposed to blue light, the model parameters indicate, as expected, a clear degradation of the cell layer opposed to a relative stability of the not loaded ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Boutzen
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM - UMR 9007, Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France.
| | - Manon Valet
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Agathe Alviset
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Valérie Fradot
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Lionel Rousseau
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM - UMR 9007, Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Olivier Français
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM - UMR 9007, Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Gaëlle Lissorgues
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM - UMR 9007, Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
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9
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Gasser A, Eveness J, Kiely J, Attwood D, Luxton R. A non-contact impedimetric biosensing system for classification of toxins associated with cytotoxicity testing. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107448. [PMID: 31991387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel impedance spectroscopy measurement and data analysis technique for cytotoxicity testing. The technique combines non-contact measurement with real-time impedance data analysis based on the toxin dose dependency of the outputs, making it suitable for high throughput screening. A multi-electrode array was designed and fabricated such that a standard well plate could be positioned above the electrodes, negating the requirement for bespoke culture wells with integrated electrodes. For cytotoxicity testing, endothelial cells, type ECV304, within the wells were exposed to various concentrations of 3 toxins, dimethyl sulphoxide, cadmium chloride and saponin, which exhibit different modes of action on cells. Impedance spectra were recorded every 30 min over a 24 h period. From the spectra 'toxin maps' were produced which presented the correlation between impedance output and dose of toxin versus frequency and time. The results demonstrated characteristic toxin maps for each toxin and significantly differences between the three toxins studied. Using complementary measurement methods, we showed that these differences in toxin maps related to morphological and physiological changes in the cells due to the differing mode of action of each toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelines Gasser
- University of the West of England, Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - John Eveness
- University of the West of England, Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Janice Kiely
- University of the West of England, Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - David Attwood
- University of the West of England, Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Richard Luxton
- University of the West of England, Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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10
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A Review of Electrical Impedance Characterization of Cells for Label-Free and Real-Time Assays. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Ozkaya EK, Anderson G, Dhillon B, Bagnaninchi PO. Blue-light induced breakdown of barrier function on human retinal epithelial cells is mediated by PKC-ζ over-activation and oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107817. [PMID: 31563609 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to study the time course decrease of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) barrier function when exposed to blue light. To this end, we cultured ARPE-19 cells on Electrical Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) multi-well arrays. Using an ad hoc light emitting diode (LED) array illumination system together with a set of neutral density filters and a 3-dimensional (3D) printed filter holder, cells were exposed to a gradient of irradiances of blue-light with a measured peak at 468 nm. The electrical resistance between 4 kHz and 64 kHz was recorded during the exposure. Blue light exposure induced a dose-dependent decrease in the resistances at 4 kHz, however the time course resistance at 64 kHz did not show any decrease before t = 52 h. Quantification of the barrier function using mathematical model integrated in the ECIS software showed that blue-light exposure induced a dose-dependent decrease in the barrier function associated with tight junction formation (P < 0.05). This was confirmed by the immunostaining of the tight-junction associated structural protein, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The detection of reactive oxygen species by carboxy-H2DCFDA confirmed that the blue light induced dose-dependent decrease in the barrier function is mediated by oxidative stress. On a separate experiment, blue-light exposed ARPE-19 cells were treated with 100 nM Protein Kinase C zeta (PKC-ζ) pseudo substrate inhibitor to identify underlying pathway for blue-light induced damage on the barrier function. The treatment with 100 nM PKC-ζ pseudo substrate inhibitor induced faster recovery of the barrier function compared to no treatment. Altogether our results document that blue LED light exposure decreased RPE barrier function in-vitro in a dose-dependent manner, before any cell death occurred. This damage induced by blue-light on tight junctions is mediated by oxidative stress through PKC-ζ activation. The quantification of the healing effect observed by inhibition of PKC-ζ might lead to development of high throughput wound healing assays through ECIS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Kaan Ozkaya
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Anderson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.
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12
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Chiu SP, Lee YW, Wu LY, Tung TH, Gomez S, Lo CM, Wang JY. Application of ECIS to Assess FCCP-Induced Changes of MSC Micromotion and Wound Healing Migration. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19143210. [PMID: 31330904 PMCID: PMC6679573 DOI: 10.3390/s19143210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an emerging technique for sensitively monitoring morphological changes of adherent cells in tissue culture. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to different concentrations of carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) for 20 h and their subsequent concentration-dependent responses in micromotion and wound healing migration were measured by ECIS. FCCP disrupts ATP synthesis and results in a decrease in cell migration rates. To detect the change of cell micromotion in response to FCCP challenge, time-series resistances of cell-covered electrodes were monitored and the values of variance were calculated to verify the difference. While Seahorse XF-24 extracellular flux analyzer can detect the effect of FCCP at 3 μM concentration, the variance calculation of the time-series resistances measured at 4 kHz can detect the effect of FCCP at concentrations as low as 1 μM. For wound healing migration, the recovery resistance curves were fitted by sigmoid curve and the hill slope showed a concentration-dependent decline from 0.3 μM to 3 μM, indicating a decrease in cell migration rate. Moreover, dose dependent incline of the inflection points from 0.3 μM to 3 μM FCCP implied the increase of the half time for wound recovery migration. Together, our results demonstrate that partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduces micromotion and wound healing migration of hMSCs. The ECIS method used in this study offers a simple and sensitive approach to investigate stem cell migration and its regulation by mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Po Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sofia Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Min Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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13
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Cavallini F, Tarantola M. ECIS based wounding and reorganization of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in co-cultures. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 144:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Gamal W, Wu H, Underwood I, Jia J, Smith S, Bagnaninchi PO. Impedance-based cellular assays for regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0226. [PMID: 29786561 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on regenerative techniques have the potential to radically improve healthcare in the coming years. As a result, there is an emerging need for non-destructive and label-free technologies to assess the quality of engineered tissues and cell-based products prior to their use in the clinic. In parallel, the emerging regenerative medicine industry that aims to produce stem cells and their progeny on a large scale will benefit from moving away from existing destructive biochemical assays towards data-driven automation and control at the industrial scale. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCA) have emerged as an alternative approach to study stem-cell properties and cumulative studies, reviewed here, have shown their potential to monitor stem-cell renewal, differentiation and maturation. They offer a novel method to non-destructively assess and quality-control stem-cell cultures. In addition, when combined with in vitro disease models they provide complementary insights as label-free phenotypic assays. IBCA provide quantitative and very sensitive results that can easily be automated and up-scaled in multi-well format. When facing the emerging challenge of real-time monitoring of three-dimensional cell culture dielectric spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography represent viable alternatives to two-dimensional impedance sensing.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gamal
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
| | - H Wu
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - I Underwood
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - J Jia
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - S Smith
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - P O Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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15
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Dalvi S, Galloway CA, Singh R. Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Degenerative Retinal Diseases: The RPE Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:1-31. [PMID: 31654384 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell technology, including human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), has provided a suitable platform to investigate molecular and pathological alterations in an individual cell type using patient's own cells. Importantly, hiPSCs/hESCs are amenable to genome editing providing unique access to isogenic controls. Specifically, the ability to introduce disease-causing mutations in control (unaffected) and conversely correct disease-causing mutations in patient-derived hiPSCs has provided a powerful approach to clearly link the disease phenotype with a specific gene mutation. In fact, utilizing hiPSC/hESC and CRISPR technology has provided significant insight into the pathomechanism of several diseases. With regard to the eye, the use of hiPSCs/hESCs to study human retinal diseases is especially relevant to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-based disorders. This is because several studies have now consistently shown that hiPSC-RPE in culture displays key physical, gene expression and functional attributes of human RPE in vivo. In this book chapter, we will discuss the current utility, limitations, and plausible future approaches of pluripotent stem cell technology for the study of retinal degenerative diseases. Of note, although we will broadly summarize the significant advances made in modeling and studying several retinal diseases utilizing hiPSCs/hESCs, our specific focus will be on the utility of patient-derived hiPSCs for (1) establishment of human cell models and (2) molecular and pharmacological studies on patient-derived cell models of retinal degenerative diseases where RPE cellular defects play a major pathogenic role in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Dalvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chad A Galloway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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16
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Zhou W, Graham K, Lucendo-Villarin B, Flint O, Hay DC, Bagnaninchi P. Combining stem cell-derived hepatocytes with impedance sensing to better predict human drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:77-83. [PMID: 30572740 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1558208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The liver plays a central role in human drug metabolism. To model drug metabolism, the major cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is commonly used. Hepatocytes can be derived from human and animal sources, including pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based models have shown promise in modeling human drug exposure. The assays used in those studies are normally 'snap-shot' in nature, and do not provide the complete picture of human drug exposure. Research design and methods: In this study, we employ stem cell-derived hepatocytes and impedance sensing to model human drug toxicity. This impedance-based stem cell assay reports hepatotoxicity in real time after treatment with compounds provided by industry. Results: Using electric cell-substrate impedance Sensing (ECIS), we were able to accurately measure drug toxicity post-drug exposure in real time and more quickly than gold standard biochemical assays. Conclusions: ECIS is robust and non-destructive methodology capable of monitoring human drug exposure with superior performance to current gold standard 'snapshot' assays. We believe that the methodology presented within this article could prove valuable in the quest to better predict off-target effects of drugs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Changzheng Hospital, Navy medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Karen Graham
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Baltasar Lucendo-Villarin
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Oliver Flint
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David C Hay
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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17
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In Vitro Wounding Models Using the Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)-Zθ Technology. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040090. [PMID: 30314393 PMCID: PMC6315451 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) can produce reproducible wounding models by mechanically disrupting a cell monolayer. This study compared in vitro wound-healing using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVEC) with both single electrode (8W1E) and multiple electrodes (8W10E+) arrays. Measurements of hCMVEC migration and barrier functions were conducted, revealing variable levels of barrier disruption could be achieved by altering the duration and magnitude of the applied current. In all scenarios, the barrier (Rb) did not recover the strength observed prior to injury. Localization of junctional proteins following wounding were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Following wounding, cell migration was generally faster on the 8W10E+ than the 8W1E array. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed non-viable cells remained on the 8W1E electrodes but not the 8W10E+ electrodes. However, viable cells partially remained on the 8W10E+ electrodes following wounding. In addition, the 8W10E+ electrodes demonstrated variation in cell loss across electrodes within the same well. This suggests the type of wounding is different on the two array types. However, our data show both arrays can be used to model incomplete barrier recovery and therefore both have potential for testing of drugs to improve endothelial barrier function. This is the first time that the possibility of using the 8W10E+ array as a wounding model is addressed. We highlight the differences in wounding produced between the two arrays, and can be used to study the underlying causes for impaired barrier function following CNS injuries.
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18
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Yeste J, Illa X, Alvarez M, Villa R. Engineering and monitoring cellular barrier models. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:18. [PMID: 30214484 PMCID: PMC6134550 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia and endothelia delineate tissue compartments and control their environments by regulating the passage of ions and solutes. This barrier function is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, and its dysfunction is associated with numerous human diseases. Recent advances in biomaterials and microfabrication technologies have evolved in vitro approaches for modelling biological barriers. Current microphysiological systems have become more efficient and reliable in mimicking the cell microenvironment. Additionally, methods for the quantification of barrier permeability have long provided significant insight into their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we outline the current techniques to quantify the barrier function of engineered tissues, and we also give an overview of recent microphysiological systems of biological barriers that emulate the microenvironment and microarchitecture of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Yeste
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Song JH, Lee SM, Yoo KH. Label-free and real-time monitoring of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in 2D and 3D cell culture systems using impedance cell sensors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31246-31254. [PMID: 35548770 PMCID: PMC9085567 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) stem cell culture has recently received considerable attention because it may enable the development of in vitro 3D tissue models. In particular, label-free and real-time monitoring of stem cell differentiation is of importance for tissue engineering applications; however, only a few non-invasive monitoring methods are available, especially for 3D cell culture. Here, we describe impedance cell sensors that allowed the monitoring of cellular behaviors in 2D and 3D cell cultures in real-time. Specifically, apparent capacitance peaks appeared in both 2D and 3D cell culture systems when human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in osteogenic induction medium. In contrast, when hMSCs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium, the capacitance increased monotonically. In addition, distinct characteristics were noted in the plots of capacitance versus conductance for the cells cultured in osteogenic and adipocyte induction media. These results demonstrated that the differentiation of hMSCs toward osteoblasts and adipocytes in 2D and 3D cell culture systems could be discriminated non-invasively by measuring the real-time capacitance and conductance. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of cellular activities in 3D cell cultures could be monitored in real-time using the 3D impedance cell sensors. Thus, these sensors may be suitable for monitoring the differentiation of various stem cells into different types of cells with distinct dielectric properties for tissue engineering applications. 3D impedance cell sensors are developed to monitor hMSC differentiation in label-free and real-time. Analyzing capacitance and conductance with these sensors shows that osteoblast and adipocyte lineages can be discriminated non-invasively in 3D cell culture systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Song
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Yoo
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology
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20
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Hillger JM, Lieuw WL, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Label-free technology and patient cells: from early drug development to precision medicine. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1808-1815. [PMID: 28778587 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug development requires physiologically more appropriate model systems and assays to increase understanding of drug action and pathological processes in individual humans. Specifically, patient-derived cells offer great opportunities as representative cellular model systems. Moreover, with novel label-free cellular assays, it is often possible to investigate complex biological processes in their native environment. Combining these two offers distinct opportunities for increasing physiological relevance. Here, we review impedance-based label-free technologies in the context of patient samples, focusing on commonly used cell types, including fibroblasts, blood components, and stem cells. Applications extend as far as tissue-on-a-chip models. Thus, applying label-free technologies to patient samples can produce highly biorelevant data and, with them, unique opportunities for drug development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hillger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Wai-Ling Lieuw
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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21
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Yuan L, Tao N, Wang W. Plasmonic Imaging of Electrochemical Impedance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:183-200. [PMID: 28301751 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measures the frequency spectrum of an electrochemical interface to resist an alternating current. This method allows label-free and noninvasive studies on interfacial adsorption and molecular interactions and has applications in biosensing and drug screening. Although powerful, traditional EIS lacks spatial resolution or imaging capability, hindering the study of heterogeneous electrochemical processes on electrodes. We have recently developed a plasmonics-based electrochemical impedance technique to image local electrochemical impedance with a submicron spatial resolution and a submillisecond temporal resolution. In this review, we provide a systematic description of the theory, instrumentation, and data analysis of this technique. To illustrate its present and future applications, we further describe several selected samples analyzed with this method, including protein microarrays, two-dimensional materials, and single cells. We conclude by summarizing the technique's unique features and discussing the remaining challenges and new directions of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
| | - Nongjian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
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22
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Elfick A, Rischitor G, Mouras R, Azfer A, Lungaro L, Uhlarz M, Herrmannsdörfer T, Lucocq J, Gamal W, Bagnaninchi P, Semple S, Salter DM. Biosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles by human mesenchymal stem cells following transfection with the magnetotactic bacterial gene mms6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39755. [PMID: 28051139 PMCID: PMC5209691 DOI: 10.1038/srep39755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells to support tissue repair is facilitated by loading of the therapeutic cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) enabling magnetic tracking and targeting. Current methods for magnetizing cells use artificial MNPs and have disadvantages of variable uptake, cellular cytotoxicity and loss of nanoparticles on cell division. Here we demonstrate a transgenic approach to magnetize human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are genetically modified by transfection with the mms6 gene derived from Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, a magnetotactic bacterium that synthesises single-magnetic domain crystals which are incorporated into magnetosomes. Following transfection of MSCs with the mms6 gene there is bio-assimilated synthesis of intracytoplasmic magnetic nanoparticles which can be imaged by MR and which have no deleterious effects on cell proliferation, migration or differentiation. The assimilation of magnetic nanoparticle synthesis into mammalian cells creates a real and compelling, cytocompatible, alternative to exogenous administration of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Elfick
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
- University of Edinburgh, UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Grigore Rischitor
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rabah Mouras
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Asim Azfer
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lisa Lungaro
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marc Uhlarz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmannsdörfer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - John Lucocq
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Wesam Gamal
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Scott Semple
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Donald M Salter
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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23
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Jahnke HG, Krinke D, Seidel D, Lilienthal K, Schmidt S, Azendorf R, Fischer M, Mack T, Striggow F, Althaus H, Schober A, Robitzki AA. A novel 384-multiwell microelectrode array for the impedimetric monitoring of Tau protein induced neurodegenerative processes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:78-84. [PMID: 27506337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, countless bioelectronic monitoring systems were developed for the analysis of cells as well as complex tissues. Most studies addressed the sensitivity and specificity of the bioelectronic detection method in comparison to classical molecular biological assays. In contrast, the up scaling as a prerequisite for the practical application of these novel bioelectronic monitoring systems is mostly only discussed theoretically. In this context, we developed a novel 384-multiwell microelectrode array (MMEA) based measurement system for the sensitive label-free real-time monitoring of neurodegenerative processes by impedance spectroscopy. With respect to the needs of productive screening systems for robust and reproducible measurements on high numbers of plates, we focused on reducing the critical contacting of more than 400 electrodes for a 384-MMEA. Therefore, we introduced an on top array of immersive counter electrodes that are individually addressed by a multiplexer and connected all measurement electrodes on the 384-MMEA to a single contact point. More strikingly, our novel approach provided a comparable signal stability and sensitivity similar to an array with integrated counter electrodes. Next, we optimized a SH-SY5Y cell based tauopathy model by introducing a novel 5-fold Tau mutation eliminating the need of artificial tauopathy induction. In combination with our novel 384-MMEA based measurement system, the concentration and time dependent neuroregenerative effect of the kinase inhibitor SRN-003-556 could be quantitatively monitored. Thus, our novel screening system could be a useful tool to identify and develop potential novel therapeutics in the field of Tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Dana Krinke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Katharina Lilienthal
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Ronny Azendorf
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Till Mack
- KeyNeurotek Pharmaceuticals AG, Zenit Technologiepark, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Intervention Strategies, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, D-39120 Germany
| | - Frank Striggow
- KeyNeurotek Pharmaceuticals AG, Zenit Technologiepark, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Intervention Strategies, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, D-39120 Germany
| | - Holger Althaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany.
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Qiu Z, Tang D, Shu J, Chen G, Tang D. Enzyme-triggered formation of enzyme-tyramine concatamers on nanogold-functionalized dendrimer for impedimetric detection of Hg(II) with sensitivity enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 75:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Exonuclease III-based target recycling for ultrasensitive homogeneous monitoring of HIV DNA using Ag(+)-coordinated hairpin probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:66-70. [PMID: 26120811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new homogeneous electrochemical sensing strategy based on exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification was utilized for simple, rapid and highly sensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA on an immobilization-free Ag(I)-assisted hairpin DNA through the cytosine-Ag(+)-cytosine coordination chemistry. The assay involved target-induced strand-displacement reaction accompanying dissociation of the chelated Ag(+) in the hairpins and exonuclease III-triggered target recycling. Initially, the added target DNA hybridized with hairpin DNA to disrupt the Ag(I)-coordinated hairpin probe and releases the coordinated Ag(+) ion. Then, the newly formed DNA double-stranded DNA could be cleaved by exonuclease III, and released target HIV DNA, which retriggered the strand-displacement reaction with the hairpin for target recycling, thereby resulting in formation of numerous free Ag(+) ions in the detection cell. The released Ag(+) ions can be readily captured by the negatively charged electrode, and subsequent anodic-stripping voltammetric detection of the captured Ag(+) ions are conducted to form the anodic current for the production of the electronic signal within the applied potential. Under optimal conditions, the exonuclease III-based sensing system exhibited good electrochemical responses for the detection of HIV DNA at a concentration as low as 23 fM.
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