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Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
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Qin J, Gao S, Li H, Li C, Li M. Growth of monolayer and multilayer graphene on glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Speranza G. Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:967. [PMID: 33918769 PMCID: PMC8069879 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis has resulted in robust sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. The use of nanomaterials within sensors has accelerated new routes and opportunities for the detection of analytes or target molecules. Among others, carbon-based sensors have reported biocompatibility, better sensitivity, better selectivity and lower limits of detection to reveal a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules. Carbon nanomaterials are among the most extensively studied materials because of their unique properties spanning from the high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency fostering their use in sensing applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to cover recent developments in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing applications. The review describes nanomaterials like fullerenes, carbon onions, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Synthesis of these nanostructures has been discussed along with their functionalization methods. The recent application of all these nanomaterials in sensing applications has been highlighted for the principal applicative field and the future prospects and possibilities have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Speranza
- CMM—FBK, v. Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- IFN—CNR, CSMFO Lab., via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, v. Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Kumari R, Osikoya AO, Opoku F, Anku WW, Shukla SK, Govender PP. Composite 2D Nanointerfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8676-8687. [PMID: 35019638 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, composite two-dimensional (2D) materials consisting of graphene (Gr) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) were coalesced with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through a self-assembly process to boost the conductivity of the resulting graphene-tungsten disulfide-gold nanoparticles (Gr-WS2-AuNPs) nanointerface structure. Structural and morphological characterization of the nanohybrid structure reveals crystalline thin flakelike agglomerates. Electrochemical characterization reveals an excellent electron transfer process for all the modified electrodes at the interface. The Gr/WS2/AuNPs/HRP/GCE modified bioelectrode exhibited a rapid electrobiocatalytic response in detecting H2O2 and a linear response from 0.40 to 23 mM, while 11.07 μA/mM/cm2 is the sensitivity value. This shows that the fabricated Gr/WS2/AuNPs/HRP interface structure is an excellent material for future developments in electrochemical biosensing and bioelectronics applications. The interactions, geometry, and energetic and electronic properties of H2O2 adsorption onto Gr/WS2/Au using the density functional theory (DFT) method have also been investigated along with the Grimme's DFT-D3 dispersion method. Different adsorption modes of the H2O2 molecule onto the Gr/WS2/Au surface were considered. In almost all the cases, the adsorption was found to be energetically favorable and chemisorbed, with energies ranging from -2.198 to -3.782 eV. It was found that the W 5d, S 3p, and Au 6s orbitals play a vital role in the adsorption process. The H2O2 adsorption on Gr/WS2/Au remarkably decreases its work function, thereby increasing the field electron emission from the H2O2 molecule to Gr/WS2/Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi Olugbenga Osikoya
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Francis Opoku
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William Wilson Anku
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sudheesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny Poomani Govender
- Department of Chemical Sciences-DFC (formally known as Department of Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tang J, Yan X, Engelbrekt C, Ulstrup J, Magner E, Xiao X, Zhang J. Development of graphene-based enzymatic biofuel cells: A minireview. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107537. [PMID: 32361268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to harvest energy from a wide range of fuels under mild conditions. Fabrication of effective bioelectrodes is essential for the practical application of EBFCs. Graphene possesses unique physiochemical properties making it an attractive material for the construction of EBFCs. Despite these promising properties, graphene has not been used for EBFCs as frequently as carbon nanotubes, another nanoscale carbon allotrope. This review focuses on current research progress in graphene-based electrodes, including electrodes modified with graphene derivatives and graphene composites, as well as free-standing graphene electrodes. Particular features of graphene-based electrodes such as high conductivity, mechanical flexibility and high porosity for bioelectrochemical applications are highlighted. Reports on graphene-based EBFCs from the last five years are summarized, and perspectives for graphene-based EBFCs are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark; Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Str., 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Sanati A, Jalali M, Raeissi K, Karimzadeh F, Kharaziha M, Mahshid SS, Mahshid S. A review on recent advancements in electrochemical biosensing using carbonaceous nanomaterials. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:773. [PMID: 31720840 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review, with 201 references, describes the recent advancement in the application of carbonaceous nanomaterials as highly conductive platforms in electrochemical biosensing. The electrochemical biosensing is described in introduction by classifying biosensors into catalytic-based and affinity-based biosensors and statistically demonstrates the most recent published works in each category. The introduction is followed by sections on electrochemical biosensors configurations and common carbonaceous nanomaterials applied in electrochemical biosensing, including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanospheres. In the following sections, carbonaceous catalytic-based and affinity-based biosensors are discussed in detail. In the category of catalytic-based biosensors, a comparison between enzymatic biosensors and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors is carried out. Regarding the affinity-based biosensors, scholarly articles related to biological elements such as antibodies, deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) and aptamers are discussed in separate sections. The last section discusses recent advancements in carbonaceous screen-printed electrodes as a growing field in electrochemical biosensing. Tables are presented that give an overview on the diversity of analytes, type of materials and the sensors performance. Ultimately, general considerations, challenges and future perspectives in this field of science are discussed. Recent findings suggest that interests towards 2D nanostructured electrodes based on graphene and its derivatives are still growing in the field of electrochemical biosensing. That is because of their exceptional electrical conductivity, active surface area and more convenient production methods compared to carbon nanotubes. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of carbonaceous nanomaterials used in electrochemical biosensing. The content is classified into non-enzymatic sensors and affinity/ catalytic biosensors. Recent publications are tabulated and compared, considering materials, target, limit of detection and linear range of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.,Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Keyvan Raeissi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada.
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Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.
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Osikoya AO, Opoku F, Dikio ED, Govender PP. High-Throughput 2D Heteroatom Graphene Bioelectronic Nanosculpture: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11238-11250. [PMID: 30817112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chemical vapor deposition-synthesized heteroatom graphene (HGr) bioelectronic interfaces have been developed for ultrafast, all-electronic detection and analysis of molecules by driving them through tiny holes-or atompores-in a thin lattice of the graphene sheet, including the efforts toward facilitating enhanced electrocatalytic and mapping electron transport activities. The presence of chlorine, nitrogen, and oxygen in the crystalline graphitic layers (<7) has been confirmed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We report a swift bioelectrocatalytic response to step-by-step additions of the substrate with the achievement of a steady current within a few seconds. The response limit was 2.07 μM with a dynamic range of sensing from 2.07 μM to 2.97 mM. The electronic properties and adsorption energies of hydroquinone and p-benzophenone molecule adsorption on pristine, O-, N-, and Cl-doped graphene nanosheet surfaces were systematically investigated using first-principles calculations. The results revealed that the adsorption capacity was improved upon doping graphene nanosheets with O, N, and Cl atoms. Hence, Cl-doped graphene nanosheets were shown as a promising adsorbent toward hydroquinone and p-benzophenone detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi Olugbenga Osikoya
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Francis Opoku
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Ezekiel Dixon Dikio
- Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Vaal University of Technology , P.O. Box X021, 1900 Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
| | - Penny Poomani Govender
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg , P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg , South Africa
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Safaei M, Beitollahi H, Shishehbore MR. Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Folic Acid Using the Fe3O4@SiO2/GR Nanocomposite Modified Graphite. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liao Y, Zhang R, Qian J. Printed electronics based on inorganic conductive nanomaterials and their applications in intelligent food packaging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29154-29172. [PMID: 35702365 PMCID: PMC9116116 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse demands of consumers for packaging functions and increasingly complex product circulation systems have spurred the development of intelligent food packaging (IFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liao
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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Krishnan SK, Singh E, Singh P, Meyyappan M, Nalwa HS. A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8778-8881. [PMID: 35517682 PMCID: PMC9062009 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, are important to the medical sciences and healthcare industry for evaluating physiological and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla 72570
- Mexico
| | - Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Meyya Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology
- NASA Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field
- Mountain View
- USA
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Chen W. Graphene-based Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Fabrication and Sensing Properties. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230029, Anhui China
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Science; Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology; Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230029, Anhui China
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Kumari R, Osikoya AO, Anku WW, Shukla SK, Govender PP. Hierarchically Assembled Two-dimensional Hybrid Nanointerfaces: A Platform for Bioelectronic Applications. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM; Linköping University; 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Adeniyi Olugbenga Osikoya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - William Wilson Anku
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Sudheesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Penny Poomani Govender
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
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Parlak O, Keene ST, Marais A, Curto VF, Salleo A. Molecularly selective nanoporous membrane-based wearable organic electrochemical device for noninvasive cortisol sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2904. [PMID: 30035216 PMCID: PMC6054510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors have emerged as an alternative evolutionary development in the field of healthcare technology due to their potential to change conventional medical diagnostics and health monitoring. However, a number of critical technological challenges including selectivity, stability of (bio)recognition, efficient sample handling, invasiveness, and mechanical compliance to increase user comfort must still be overcome to successfully bring devices closer to commercial applications. We introduce the integration of an electrochemical transistor and a tailor-made synthetic and biomimetic polymeric membrane, which acts as a molecular memory layer facilitating the stable and selective molecular recognition of the human stress hormone cortisol. The sensor and a laser-patterned microcapillary channel array are integrated in a wearable sweat diagnostics platform, providing accurate sweat acquisition and precise sample delivery to the sensor interface. The integrated devices were successfully used with both ex situ methods using skin-like microfluidics and on human subjects with on-body real-sample analysis using a wearable sensor assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Parlak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Tom Keene
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Marais
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincenzo F. Curto
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Centre Microélectronique de Provence–École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne, Center Microelectronics De Provence Georges Charpak, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Pappa AM, Parlak O, Scheiblin G, Mailley P, Salleo A, Owens RM. Organic Electronics for Point-of-Care Metabolite Monitoring. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 36:45-59. [PMID: 29196057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review we focus on demonstrating how organic electronic materials can solve key problems in biosensing thanks to their unique material properties and implementation in innovative device configurations. We highlight specific examples where these materials solve multiple issues related to complex sensing environments, and we benchmark these examples by comparing them to state-of-the-art commercially available sensing using alternative technologies. We have categorized our examples by sample type, focusing on sensing from body fluids in vitro and on wearable sensors, which have attracted significant interest owing to their integration with everyday life activities. We finish by describing a future trend for in vivo, implantable sensors, which aims to build on current progress from sensing in biological fluids ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Centre Microélectronique de Provence (CMP)-École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE), Microélectronique et Objets Communicants (MOC), 13541 Gardanne, France; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OAS, UK; Equal contributions
| | - Onur Parlak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Equal contributions
| | - Gaetan Scheiblin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Laboratoire d'Électronique des Technologies de l'Information (LETI), MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble, France; Equal contributions
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Laboratoire d'Électronique des Technologies de l'Information (LETI), MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Centre Microélectronique de Provence (CMP)-École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE), Microélectronique et Objets Communicants (MOC), 13541 Gardanne, France; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OAS, UK.
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Wang X, Gao D, Li M, Li H, Li C, Wu X, Yang B. CVD graphene as an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous detection of biomolecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7044. [PMID: 28765640 PMCID: PMC5539141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of electrochemical biosensors for the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), tryptophan (Trp), and nitrite ([Formula: see text]) in human serum is reported in this work. Free-standing graphene nanosheets were fabricated on Ta wire using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. CVD graphene, which here served as a sensing platform, provided a highly sensitive and selective option, with detection limits of AA, DA, UA, Trp, and [Formula: see text] of 1.58, 0.06, 0.09, 0.10, and 6.45 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The high selectivity of the electrode is here explained by a relationship between the bandgap energy of analyte and the Fermi level of graphene. The high sensitivity in the oxidation current was determined by analyzing the influence of the high surface area and chemical structure of free-standing graphene nanosheets on analyte adsorption capacity. This finding strongly indicates that the CVD graphene electrode can be used as a biosensor to detect five analytes in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Delan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Mingji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Hongji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Cuiping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Baohe Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
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