1
|
Ding X, Yang B, Liu Z, Shen M, Fan Z, Wang X, Yu W. A novel intramolecular charge transfer-based near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for highly sensitive detection of cysteine in vivo. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341873. [PMID: 37858558 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) distribute widely in organisms as the crucial components of proteins, and play important roles in pathophysiological processes of human body. Low level of Cys might induce hepatic injury, edema and growth retardation, while superfluous level of Cys is found to be closely relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this work, a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe PFQ-C was developed for highly selective detection of Cys in living cells and mice by utilizing the cyclization removal reaction between acrylate group and Cys. The superior sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.036 μM), NIR emission (655 nm), large Stokes shift (135 nm) and low cytotoxicity of the probe highlight its broad potential for future clinical applications. The response mechanism of the probe towards Cys was clarified by spectroscopy, chromatography and theoretical calculation. In addition, results of fluorescence imaging of cells and mice revealed the good performance of the probe for monitoring the distributions and variations of Cys activity in vivo, which is very useful for the researches on diseases associated with Cys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Zhongling Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Meidi Shen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Xueyuan Street 38, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zheyuan Fan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Xiantai Street 126, Changchun, 130033, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ilhan H, Cakmak Y. Functionalization of BODIPY Dyes with Additional C-N Double Bonds and Their Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:28. [PMID: 37676540 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY (4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) dyes are regarded as highly useful compounds due to their rich photophysical properties, stability, and ease of functionalization. In recent years, hot topics studied with this class of compounds are targeted photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, fluorescent bioimaging agents, structural modification of the BODIPY core, synthesis of BODIPY analogs, and BODIPY-based supramolecular constructs. This review covers the advances in BODIPY structures substituted with additional carbon-nitrogen double bonds, namely imines, hydrazones, oximes, and related derivatives for various applications. Works based on fluorescent indicators of anions, cations, and neutral molecules are included in this review. In addition, the use of such structures for pharmaceutical applications, photodynamic therapy, fluorescent switches, and fluorescent building blocks are also investigated. In addition to covering the major literature within the mentioned subclass, design principles, working mechanisms, and outlooks are also provided to enlighten forthcoming promising efforts. With this work, we aim to provide insights about the synthesis, photophysical properties, contribution of C=N bonds to a class of dye, and possible areas of use and stimulate researchers to present new ideas and overcome the current problems using these derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huriye Ilhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cakmak
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and BITAM-Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
She Z, Zou H, You L. Tuning the selectivity of amino acid recognition with dynamic covalent bond constrained fluorophores in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6897-6904. [PMID: 35972458 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and discrimination of amino acids are generating continuous interest due to their importance. Herein we developed a series of dynamic covalent reaction constrained aldehyde-derived fluorescent probes for the binding of amino acids with tunable selectivity. Diverse emission behaviors were obtained via pH triggered movement of ring-chain tautomerization equilibrium of aldehyde probes. By taking advantage of the distinct pKa and reactivity of aldehyde probes and amino acids, unique fluorescence signaling patterns were generated, and the selectivity for amino acid recognition was further modulated. The selective recognition of Cys/Hcy was attained at pH 7.4 as a result of thiazolidine formation. The manipulation of the reactivity at pH 10 enabled the realization of high selectivity for His and Cys, respectively. Moreover, pH and redox stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent networks were constructed for the regulation of amino acid recognition. The strategies and results described should be appealing in many aspects, including dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, biological labeling, and smart materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian She
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lei You
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao J, Liu Y, Huo F, Chao J, Zhang Y. Real-time imaging of intracellular cysteine level fluctuations during Cu 2+ or H 2O 2 induced redox imbalance using a turn-on fluorescence sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 273:121060. [PMID: 35228086 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox balance is a necessary guarantee to maintain the normal physiological activities of organisms. Cysteine (Cys), a critical biological thiol, has the effect of maintaining redox balance in the body. The concentration of intracellular Cys is abnormal under redox imbalance, thereby resulting in multiple diseases. Additionally, studies have revealed that Cu2+ can stimulate the body to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS, similar to H2O2), and the generated ROS will consume reducing substances (such as Cys) in the body, leading to redox imbalance. Thus, finding a simple and effective method to monitor Cys under redox imbalance is pressing. Here, a turn on probe (DDNO) was proposed by connecting SBD-Cl to a red dye (HDM). The probe can specifically recognize Cys with rapid response (180 s) and low detection limit (0.61 μM) through substitution-rearrangement reaction between sulfhydryl and chlorine atom. Bioimaging experiments indicated that the probe has good biocompatibility and cell membrane permeability, which can be applied to monitor the fluctuation of Cys levels in live cells and zebrafish under the redox imbalance induced by Cu2+ or H2O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhao
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Shi L, Liu JY, Yang DW, Fu Y, Ma XY, Zhang BY, Zhang XF. A cysteine and Hg 2+ detection method based on transformation supramolecular assembly of cyanine dye by AGRO100. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120779. [PMID: 34974293 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETC (3,3'-di(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine triethylammonium salt), as a derivative of thiazole, is capable of forming various aggregates by the short-range noncovalent interaction forces under specific conditions, accompanying with significant absorbance and fluorescence characteristics. In this work, a label-free probe (ETC) for the detection of Cys (Cysteine) and Hg2+ was developed based on transformation between monomers and J-aggregations by AGRO100. AGRO100 can transform between single-stranded DNA and G-quadruplex to realize recognition of Cys and Hg2+ in dual-channel mode. These recognitional signals can be captured by UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectroscopy. ETC exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity with the detection limit of 0.197 nM in a wide range of 0-15 μM, which can apply of Cys and Hg2+ detection in human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Bu-Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Feng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Review of recent advancements in fluorescent chemosensor for ion detection via coumarin derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
7
|
Gao C, Ding Z, Tan J, You J, Li Z. Homocysteine-specific fluorescence detection and quantification for evaluating S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity. Analyst 2022; 147:3675-3683. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00945e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The medium Ks value of copper complex contributed to the specific reduction of Cu2+ by homocysteine and the formation of a stable six-membered ring species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jiangkun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P. R. China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qi S, Zhang H, Wang X, Lv J, Liu D, Shen W, Li Y, Du J, Yang Q. Development of a NIR fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of cysteine in living cells and in vivo. Talanta 2021; 234:122685. [PMID: 34364484 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) plays important physiological roles in the human body, and abnormal Cys concentrations can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, detecting Cys with high selectivity and sensitivity in vivo is important. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are widely employed in biological detection because of their excellent optical properties such as minimal damage to biological samples, low background interference and high signal-to-noise ratio. However, few NIR fluorescent probes that can detect Cys over homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) have been reported because of their similar reactivity and structure. In this work, a highly water-soluble NIR probe (CYNA) for detecting Cys whose structure is similar to that of indocyanine green and is based on cyanine skeleton was synthesized and via aromatic nucleophilic substitution-rearrangement (SNAr-rearrangement) to specific recognize the cysteine. The probe showed high selectivity toward Cys and superior biosecurity, excellent biocompatibility and prolonged dynamic imaging. It also has long fluorescence emission wavelength (820 nm), low detection limit (14 nM) and was successfully applied for visualizing Cys in living cells and mice, which has great promise for applications in noninvasive vivo biological imaging and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Qi
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Jialin Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Wenbin Shen
- Department of Lymphsurgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China.
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun, 130031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dos Santos APA, da Silva JK, Neri JM, Neves ACO, de Lima DF, Menezes FG. Nucleophilicity of cysteine and related biothiols and the development of fluorogenic probes and other applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9398-9427. [PMID: 33200155 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols such as l-cysteine, l-homocysteine, and glutathione play essential roles in many biological processes, and are directly associated with several health conditions. Therefore, the development of fast, selective, sensitive, and inexpensive methods for quantitatively analyzing biothiols in aqueous solution, but especially in biological samples, is a very attractive research field. In this feature review, we have approached the relevance of biothiols' nucleophilicity to develop selective fluorogenic probes. Since biothiols have considerable structural similarity, relevant strategies are in full development, including several fluorescent molecular platforms, specific receptor sites, reaction conditions, and optical responses. All of these features are properly presented and discussed. Biothiol sensing protocols are based on traditional organic chemistry reactions such as (hetero)aromatic nucleophilic substitution, addition, and substitution at carbonyl carbon, conjugate addition, and nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon, amongst others including combined processes; furthermore, mechanistic aspects are detailed herein, including some interesting historical contexts. The feasibility of related fluorogenic probes is illustrated by analysis in complex matrices such as serum, cells, tissues, and animal models. Applications of these reactions in more complex systems such as sulfhydryl-based peptides and proteins are also presented, aiming at functionalizing and detecting these nucleophiles. Most literature cited in this review is recent; however, some other prominent works are also detailed. It is believed that this review may be accessible for many academic levels and may efficiently contribute not only to popularizing science but also to the rational development of fluorogenic probes for biothiol sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alane P A Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jordan K da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jannyely M Neri
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana C O Neves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Djalan F de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício G Menezes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhai X, Li S, Chen X, Hua Y, Wang H. Coating silver metal-organic frameworks onto nitrogen-doped porous carbons for the electrochemical sensing of cysteine. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:493. [PMID: 32770362 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped porous carbons (N-PC) were coated for the first time with silver metal-organic frameworks (Ag-MOF) by the hydrothermal route. The resulted N-PC@Ag-MOF composites present high stability because of the strong interaction between N atoms of N-PC and Ag+ ions of Ag-MOF. It was discovered that the electrodes modified with N-PC@Ag-MOF composites display much higher conductivity than the one modified with Ag-MOF. Especially, they provide stable and sharp electrochemical signals of solid-state AgBr at a low potential approaching zero (i.e., 0.02 V), which may aid to overcome the drawback of the traditional electroanalysis at high overpotentials with serious interferences from the samples background. More importantly, the yielded AgBr signals selectively decrease induced by cysteine (Cys) through the specific thiol-bromine replacement reactions that transfer AgBr into non-electroactive Ag-Cys. The proposed method facilitates the selective detection of Cys with two linear working ranges of 0.10 to 100 μM and 100 to 1300 μM, respectively. The N-PC@Ag-MOF-based sensors have been used for detection of spiked Cys in milk samples with good recovery efficiencies. The developed electroanalysis strategy for probing Cys through the specific thiol-bromine replacement has potential applications in the food analysis fields. Ag-MOF was coated onto heteroatoms co-doped porous carbons carriers for the selective electroanalysis strategy for cysteine at the potential approaching zero using Br- ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu City, 273155, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, 273165, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, 273165, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hua
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, 273165, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, 273165, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent advances in the development of responsive probes for selective detection of cysteine. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Fu YL, Chen XG, Li H, Feng W, Song QH. Quinolone-based fluorescent probes for distinguished detection of Cys and GSH through different fluorescence channels. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dual-channel discrimination of Cys and GSH using a red fluorescent probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Long Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Miao Y, Cheng Z, Liang L, Ma X, Liu C. A paper-based colorimetric assay system for sensitive cysteine detection using a fluorescent probe. Analyst 2020; 145:1878-1884. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive analysis of Cys on a paper-based platform via colorimetric detection which abandons sophisticated instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
- Institute of Medicine
| | - Yanqing Miao
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
- Institute of Medicine
| | - Zhao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
- Institute of Medicine
| | - Lingling Liang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
- Institute of Medicine
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Chunye Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’ an Medical University
- Xi'an 710021
- China
- Institute of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kashyap KS, Kumar A, Hira SK, Dey S. Recognition of Al3+ through the off-on mechanism as a proficient driving force for the hydrolysis of BODIPY conjugated Schiff base and its application in bio-imaging. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
BODIPY-based asymmetric monosubstituted (turn-on) and symmetric disubstituted (ratiometric) fluorescent probes for selective detection of phosgene in solution and gas phase. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1078:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Kashyap KS, Hira SK, Dey S. Photo-physical aspects of BODIPY-coumarin conjugated sensor and detection of Al3+ in MCF-7 cell. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1659267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Kumar Hira
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Swapan Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A New Quinone Based Fluorescent Probe for High Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biothiols and Its Application in Living Cell Imaging. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:7536431. [PMID: 31093288 PMCID: PMC6481154 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7536431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the vital role of biothiols in many physiological processes, the development of simple and efficient probe for the detection of biothiols is of great medical significance. In this work, we demonstrate the use of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), which respond rapidly to biothiols especially to glutathione, as a new fluorescent probe for the selective detection and bioimaging of biothiols. This new fluorescent probe can distinguish glutathione from cysteine and homocysteine easily under physiological concentration and detect glutathione quickly within three minutes. This probe exhibits high selectivity to biothiols and the detection limit was determined to be 3.08 × 10−9 M for glutathione, 8.55 × 10−8 M for cysteine, and 2.17 × 10−9 M for homocysteine, respectively. The sensing mechanism was further explored by density functional theory (DFT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment; results showed that the interaction forces between the probe and biothiols were electrostatic interaction. In addition, the probe has been successfully applied to the detection of biothiols in Eca9706 cells by fluorescence confocal imaging technology.
Collapse
|
18
|
Qian M, Zhang L, Wang J, Peng X. A red-emitting fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for real-time tracking of cysteine over glutathione and homocysteine in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:469-475. [PMID: 30818148 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes with high quality for highly selective detection of cysteine (Cys) are still urgently in demand because of the indispensable roles Cys plays in the biological systems. Herein, a red-emitting fluorescent probe CP was developed for the highly selective detection of Cys over glutathione (GSH) and homocysteine (Hcy) by incorporating acryloyl group as the recognition unit into the 2-(2-(4-hydroxystyryl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene) malononitrile (P-OH) fluorophore which is characterized by red emission, noteworthy Stokes shift, and appreciable photostability. Basically, CP demonstrated appreciable sensing performance toward Cys including short response time of 4 min, high sensitivity with approximately 147-fold emission enhancement, low detection limit of 41.696 nM, and good selectivity both in the solution and living cells, indicating its promising potential of visualizing Cys in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liuwei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li X, Ma H, Qian J, Cao T, Teng Z, Iqbal K, Qin W, Guo H. Ratiometric fluorescent probe based on ESIPT for the highly selective detection of cysteine in living cells. Talanta 2019; 194:717-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Chen T, Pei X, Yue Y, Huo F, Yin C. An enhanced fluorescence sensor for specific detection Cys over Hcy/GSH and its bioimaging in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 209:223-227. [PMID: 30412847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is not only the central matter of sulfur metabolism in cells but also the only amino acid with reduced thiol group in 20 kinds of natural amino acids. In animal cells, Cys is taking part in many important and essential biological functions including protein synthesis, detoxification and metabolism. The development and application of fluorescent probes for the detection of Cys have attracted more and more attention and interest. Herein, we report a new fluorescent probe NFA that utilized naphthyl carboxy fluorescein as fluorophore and acryloyl group as reaction site for Cys specific detection. The probe essentially has weak fluorescence. Cys addition to NFA containing system induced distinct enhanced fluorescence emission which was attributed to the nucleophilic reaction of cysteine and acryloyl to release the fluorophore. The signal fluorescent response detection system allows NFA to be a reliable tool for Cys detection with low detection limit (0.58 μM). And NFA has been successfully applied for Cys imaging specifically in live Hela cells, which promotes the probe as a potential tool to understand the pathology of Cys related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinggui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xueying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
“Turn-On” Fluorescent Assay of Biothiols Based on Nitrogen-Rich Polymer Carbon Nanostrips and Its Application in Cell Imaging. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2847961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive and selective turn-on fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of biothiols based on blocking Ag+-induced fluorescence quenching of nitrogen-rich polymer carbon nanostrips (NRPCNSs). Ag+ion can induce the fluorescence quenching of NRPCNSs due to the formation of nonfluorescent coordination complexes via robust Ag-N interaction. Once addition of biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH), Ag+ions prefer to interact with biothiols rather than NRPCNSs, which could be attribute to the formation of Ag-S bond, thus leading to effective fluorescent recovery of NRPCNSs. Under the optimized conditions, excellent linear relationships existed between the recovery degree of the NRPCNSs and the concentrations of Cys and GSH in the range of 0.05 μM to 10 μM and 0.2 μM to 30 μM, respectively. And, the limits of detection (LODs) for Cys and GSH are 16.5 nM and 65.1 nM, respectively. The detection system also shows high selectivity against other non-thiol amino acids. Moreover, the potential in practical applications of this proposed method has been demonstrated by detecting biothiols in human serum and fluorescence imaging of biothiols in living cells.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Shi N, Li M. An efficient ruthenium(ii) tris(bipyridyl)-based chemosensor for the specific detection of cysteine and its luminescence imaging in living zebrafish. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble, red emissive and cysteine-specific probe has been achieved through 1,4-addition of cysteine to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Ningning Shi
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Minna Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bi J, Ji X, Guo M, Guo H, Yang F. A fluorescent sensor for thymine based on bis-BODIPY containing butanediamido bridges. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensor for thymine based on bis-BODIPY containing butanediamido bridges was prepared and applied in the sensitive detection of thymine in living cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Bi
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan L, Zhang W, Wang X, Dong W, Tong Y, Dong C, Shuang S. A two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for highly selective sensing of mitochondrial cysteine in live cells. Analyst 2018; 144:439-447. [PMID: 30420979 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01908h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (DNEPI) for mitochondrial cysteine (Cys) detection on the basis of a merocyanine (compound 1) as the two-photon fluorophore and a 2,4-dinitrobenzensulfonyl (DNBS) unit as the biothiol reaction site. Upon reaction with Cys in DMSO/PBS (1/1, v/v), DNEPI showed a distinct ratiometric fluorescence emission characteristic (F583 nm/F485 nm) linearly proportional to Cys concentrations over the range of 2-10 μM, which was attribute to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect by cleavage of the sulfonic acid ester bond of DNEPI to release compound 1. More importantly, the probe could detect Cys with a fast response time (within 2 min) and the detection limit was quantitatively calculated as 0.29 μM. Furthermore, DNEPI not only exhibited high selectivity toward Cys over other similar biothiols, including homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), but also displayed significant mitochondrial-targeting ability, which were favorable for mitochondrial Cys-selective imaging. Subsequently, application of DNEPI to Cys imaging in live cells was successfully achieved by two-photon fluorescence microscopy, suggesting that the probe proposed here could be used to monitor mitochondrial Cys concentration changes in live cells with negligible interference from other biological thiols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yaoli Tong
- Translational medicine research center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang Y, Feng Y, Qiu F, Iqbal K, Wang Y, Song X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Liu W. Dual-Site and Dual-Excitation Fluorescent Probe That Can Be Tuned for Discriminative Detection of Cysteine, Homocystein, and Thiophenols. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14048-14055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kanwal Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuerui Song
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
BODIPY-based fluorescent sensor for imaging of endogenous formaldehyde in living cells. Talanta 2018; 189:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Huang Y, Zhou Q, Feng Y, Zhang W, Fang G, Fang M, Chen M, Xu C, Meng X. Rational design of a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for real-time visualization of apoptosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10495-10498. [PMID: 30159580 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05594g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A dialdehyde-functionalized ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe (Mito-DCHO) based on a symmetric carbazole-containing two-dimensional ICT system was rationally designed for cysteine-specific detection in mitochondria, which was utilized for real-time assessing and dual-channel visualization of the early stage of apoptosis by monitoring mitochondrial oxidative stress levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Giovannini G, Hall AJ, Gubala V. Coumarin-based, switchable fluorescent substrates for enzymatic bacterial detection. Talanta 2018; 188:448-453. [PMID: 30029400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically-switchable fluorescent substrates, such as the commercially available 4-methyl umbelliferones (4-MU) are used as standard indicators of enzymatic activity for the detection of various microorganisms and pathogens. However, a major disadvantage of 4-MU is its relatively high pKa leading to only partial dissociation of the fluorescent anion under the conditions where the enzymes are most effective (pH 6-6.5). Here we present a method for new, enzymatically-switchable, fluorescent substrates with improved photo-physico/chemical properties. The lead derivative, 4-AAU, shows excellent solubility in aqueous media (0.81 mg/mL) when compared to 4-MU (0.16 mg/mL), significantly improved quantum yield and wider dynamic range of its fluorescence properties. The corresponding bacterial substrate β-4-AAUG showed superior selectivity in the detection of clinically relevant amounts of E. coli, Enterococcus and K. pneumonia (1 CFU). The fluorescence intensity of β-4-AAUG was almost 5 times higher than that of the standard, the detection was possible in reasonably short time (∼ 2.5 h) and with excellent sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Andrew J Hall
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yan F, Sun X, Zu F, Bai Z, Jiang Y, Fan K, Wang J. Fluorescent probes for detecting cysteine. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:042001. [PMID: 30039804 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aad580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine plays a crucial role in physiological processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for detecting cysteine. Fluorimetry has the advantages of convenient detection, short response time, high sensitivity and good selectivity. In this review, fluorescent probes that detect cysteine over the past three years are summarized based on structural features of fluorophores such as coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, fluorescein, CDs, QDs, etc and reaction groups including acrylate, aldehyde, halogen, 7-nitrobenzofurazan, etc. Then, effects of different combinations between fluorophores and response groups on probe properties and detection performances are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tikhonov SA, Vovna VI. Boron chelate complexes: X-ray and UV photoelectron spectra and electronic structure. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
31
|
Thirumalraj B, Dhenadhayalan N, Chen SM, Liu YJ, Chen TW, Liang PH, Lin KC. Highly sensitive fluorogenic sensing of L-Cysteine in live cells using gelatin-stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 259:339-346. [PMID: 32288250 PMCID: PMC7127153 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective fluorogenic sensing of L-Cysteine (L-Cys) was implemented based on gelatin stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Au) nanohybrid. The rGO/Au nanohybrid was prepared by the one-pot hydrothermal method and well characterized by different physiochemical techniques. The nanohybrid exhibits a weak fluorescence of rGO due to the energy transfer from the rGO to Au NPs. The rGO/Au nanohybrid shows enhanced fluorescence activity due to the restoration of quenched fluorescence of rGO/Au nanohybrid in presence of L-Cys. The rGO/Au nanohybrid exhibits much lower detection limit of 0.51 nM for L-Cys with higher selectivity. The fluorescence sensing mechanism arose from the fluorescence recovery due to the stronger interaction between Au NPs and L-Cys, and consequently, the energy transfer was prevented between rGO and Au NPs. The practicability of rGO/Au sensor was implemented by invitro bioimaging measurements in Colo-205 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and MKN-45 (gastric carcinoma) cancer live cells with excellent biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Thirumalraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Namasivayam Dhenadhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jin Liu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang W, Zhao X, Gu W, Cheng T, Wang B, Jiang Y, Shen J. A novel naphthalene-based fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of cysteine with a large Stokes shift and its application in bioimaging. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient naphthalene-based fluorescent probe (BTNA) for cysteine (Cys) has been rationally designed and synthesized in this work, which consists of a 6-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2-naphthalenol (BNO) fluorophore connected with an acrylate group (the fluorescence quenching and response group).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xinye Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Weijing Gu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Tian Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
| | - Jian Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yan X, Wang B, Wang X, Jin D, Li X. An Indocyanine-Based Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for Specific Detection of Biothiols. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Gong D, Han SC, Iqbal A, Qian J, Cao T, Liu W, Liu W, Qin W, Guo H. Fast and Selective Two-Stage Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Glutathione in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13112-13119. [PMID: 29160689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two fluorescent, m-nitrophenol-substituted difluoroboron dipyrromethene dyes have been designed by nucleophilic substitution reaction of 3,5-dichloro-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY). Nonsymmetric and symmetric probes, that is. BODIPY 1 (with one nitrophenol group at the position 3) and BODIPY 2 (with two nitrophenol groups at the positions 3 and 5) were applied to ratiometric fluorescent glutathione detection. The detection is based on the two-step nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the nitrophenol groups of the probes by glutathione in buffer solution containing CTAB. In the first stage, probe 1 showed ratiometric fluorescent color change from green (λem = 530 nm) to yellow (λem = 561 nm) because of monosubstitution with glutathione (I561nm/I530nm). Addition of excess glutathione caused the second stage of ratiometric fluorescent color change from yellow to reddish orange (λem = 596 nm, I596nm/I561nm) due to disubstitution with glutathione. Therefore, different concentration ranges of glutathione (from less to excess) could be rapidly detected by the two-stage ratiometric fluorescent probe 1 in 5 min. While, probe 2 shows single-stage ratiometric fluorescent detection to GSH (from green to reddish orange, I596nm/I535nm). Probes 1 and 2 exhibit excellent properties with sensitive, specific colorimetric response and ratiometric fluorescent response to glutathione over other sulfur nucleophiles. Application to cellular ratiometric fluorescence imaging indicated that the probes were highly responsive to intracellular glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| | - Anam Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan , Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tikhonov SA, Lvov IB, Vovna VI. Photoelectron spectra and electronic structure of nitrogen-containing chelate boron complexes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617060038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
36
|
Tikhonov SA, Vovna VI, Borisenko AV. Photoelectron spectra and electronic structure of aza-boron-dipyridomethene derivatives. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
37
|
Jiao X, Li Y, Niu J, Xie X, Wang X, Tang B. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Imaging and Detection of Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Species in Biological Systems. Anal Chem 2017; 90:533-555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Jiao
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jinye Niu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xilei Xie
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mohammadi S, Khayatian G. Colorimetric detection of biothiols based on aggregation of chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:27-34. [PMID: 28531847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have described a simple and reliable colorimetric method for the sensing of biothiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione in biological samples. The selective binding of chitosan capped silver nanoparticles to biothiols induced aggregation of the chitosan-Ag NPs. But the other amino acids that do not have thiol group cannot aggregate the chitosan-Ag NPs. Aggregation of chitosan-Ag NPs has been confirmed with UV-vis absorption spectra, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy images. Under optimum conditions, good linear relationships existed between the absorption ratios (at A500/A415) and the concentrations of cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione in the range of 0.1-10.0μM with detection limits of 15.0, 84.6 and 40.0nM, respectively. This probe was successfully applied to detect these biothiols in biological samples (urine and plasma).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Khayatian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pang L, Zhou Y, Gao W, Zhang J, Song H, Wang X, Wang Y, Peng X. Curcumin-Based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe for Detecting Cysteine in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Pang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Haohan Song
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Environmental
and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yue Y, Huo F, Ning P, Zhang Y, Chao J, Meng X, Yin C. Dual-Site Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing the Metabolism of Cys in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3181-3185. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yue
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and
Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Research
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiangming Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and
Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gong D, Zhu X, Tian Y, Han SC, Deng M, Iqbal A, Liu W, Qin W, Guo H. A Phenylselenium-Substituted BODIPY Fluorescent Turn-off Probe for Fluorescence Imaging of Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1801-1807. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Gong
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Tian
- Institute
of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chong Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| | - Min Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Anam Iqbal
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory
of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|