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Liu J, Wang Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhao Y. Graphene-Based Wearable Temperature Sensors: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2339. [PMID: 37630924 PMCID: PMC10458602 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensing electronics have received extensive attention for their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Given that the normal physiological activities of the human body are primarily based on a relatively constant body temperature, real-time monitoring of body surface temperature using temperature sensors is one of the most intuitive and effective methods to understand physical conditions. With its outstanding electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, graphene emerges as a promising candidate for the development of flexible and wearable temperature sensors. In this review, the recent progress of graphene-based wearable temperature sensors is summarized, including material preparation, working principle, performance index, classification, and related applications. Finally, the challenges and future research emphasis in this field are put forward. This review provides important guidance for designing novel and intelligent wearable temperature-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | | | | | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
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Sriraam N, Srinivasulu A, Prakash VS. Wireless CardioS framework for continuous ECG acquisition. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:201-216. [PMID: 37910047 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2023.2267116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-level textile-based electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system referred to as "CardioS" (cardiac sensor) for continuous health monitoring applications is proposed in this study to address the demand for resource-constrained environments. and the signal quality assessment of a wireless CardioS was studied. The CardioS consists of a Lead-I ECG signal recorded wirelessly using silver-plated nylon woven (Ag-NyW) dry textile electrodes to compare the results of wired wearable Ag-NyW textile electrode-based ECG acquisition system and CardioS. The effect of prolonged usage of Ag-NyW dry electrodes on electrode impedance was tested in the current work. In addition, electrode half-cell potential was measured to validate the range of Ag-NyW dry electrodes for ECG signal acquisition. Further, the quality of signals recorded by the proposed wireless CardioS framework was evaluated and compared with clinical disposable (Ag-AgCl Gel) electrodes. The signal quality was assessed in terms of mean magnitude coherence spectra, signal cross-correlation, signal-to-noise-band ratio (Sband/Nband), crest factor, low and high band powers and power spectral density. The experimental results showed that the impedance was increased by 2.5-54.6% after six weeks of continuous usage. This increased impedance was less than 1 MΩ/cm2, as reported in the literature. The half-cell potential of the Ag-NyW textile electrode obtained was 80 mV, sufficient to acquire the ECG signal from the human body. All the fidelity parameters measured by Ag-NyW textile electrodes were correlated with standard disposable electrodes. The cardiologists validated all the measurements and confirmed that the proposed framework exhibited good performance for ECG signal acquisition from the five healthy subjects. As a result of its low-cost architecture, the proposed CardioS framework can be used in resource-constrained environments for ECG monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sriraam
- Center for Medical Electronics and Computing, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - V S Prakash
- Department of Cardiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bangalore, India
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Lu D, Yan Y, Avila R, Kandela I, Stepien I, Seo M, Bai W, Yang Q, Li C, Haney CR, Waters EA, MacEwan MR, Huang Y, Ray WZ, Rogers JA. Bioresorbable, Wireless, Passive Sensors as Temporary Implants for Monitoring Regional Body Temperature. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000942. [PMID: 32597568 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of regional internal body temperatures can yield important information in the diagnosis of immune response-related anomalies, for precisely managing the effects of hyperthermia and hypothermia therapies and monitoring other transient body processes such as those associated with wound healing. Current approaches rely on permanent implants that require extraction surgeries after the measurements are no longer needed. Emerging classes of bioresorbable sensors eliminate the requirements for extraction, but their use of percutaneous wires for data acquisition leads to risks for infection at the suture site. As an alternative, a battery-free, wireless implantable device is reported here, which is constructed entirely with bioresorbable materials for monitoring regional internal body temperatures over clinically relevant timeframes. Ultimately, these devices disappear completely in the body through natural processes. In vivo demonstrations indicate stable operation as subcutaneous and intracranial implants in rat models for up to 4 days. Potential applications include monitoring of healing cascades associated with surgical wounds, recovery processes following internal injuries, and the progression of thermal therapies for various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Irawati Kandela
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Chemistry Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Iwona Stepien
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Chemistry Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Min‐Ho Seo
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Quansan Yang
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Chenhang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Chad R. Haney
- Chemistry Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Emily A. Waters
- Chemistry Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew R. MacEwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wilson Z. Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Liu S, Moncion C, Zhang J, Balachandar L, Kwaku D, Riera JJ, Volakis JL, Chae J. Fully Passive Flexible Wireless Neural Recorder for the Acquisition of Neuropotentials from a Rat Model. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3175-3185. [PMID: 31670508 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wireless implantable neural interfaces can record high-resolution neuropotentials without constraining patient movement. Existing wireless systems often require intracranial wires to connect implanted electrodes to an external head stage or/and deploy an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which is battery-powered or externally power-transferred, raising safety concerns such as infection, electronics failure, or heat-induced tissue damage. This work presents a biocompatible, flexible, implantable neural recorder capable of wireless acquisition of neuropotentials without wires, batteries, energy harvesting units, or active electronics. The recorder, fabricated on a thin polyimide substrate, features a small footprint of 9 mm × 8 mm × 0.3 mm and is composed of passive electronic components. The absence of active electronics on the device leads to near zero power consumption, inherently avoiding the catastrophic failure of active electronics. We performed both in vitro validation in a tissue-simulating phantom and in vivo validation in an epileptic rat. The fully passive wireless recorder was implanted under rat scalp to measure neuropotentials from its contact electrodes. The implanted wireless recorder demonstrated its capability to capture low voltage neuropotentials, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Wirelessly recorded SSEP and IED signals were directly compared to those from wired electrodes to demonstrate the efficacy of the wireless data. In addition, a convoluted neural network-based machine learning algorithm successfully achieved IED signal recognition accuracy as high as 100 and 91% in wired and wireless IED data, respectively. These results strongly support the fully passive wireless neural recorder's capability to measure neuropotentials as low as tens of microvolts. With further improvement, the recorder system presented in this work may find wide applications in future brain machine interface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Carolina Moncion
- NMD Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lakshmini Balachandar
- NMD Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Dzifa Kwaku
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jorge J. Riera
- NMD Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - John L. Volakis
- NMD Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Junseok Chae
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Rosa BMG, Anastasova-Ivanova S, Yang GZ. NFC-Powered Flexible Chest Patch for Fast Assessment of Cardiac, Hemodynamic, and Endocrine Parameters. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2019; 13:1603-1614. [PMID: 31825871 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2956810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac-related diseases are still the number one cause of death worldwide. Methods and technologies to suppress this problem are currently being investigated by integrating electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring with other sensing modalities in order to detect these diseases more accurately and in due course of time. In this paper, we propose a battery-less and flexible device to be worn as a chest patch for monitoring cardiac and hemodynamic parameters through electrical and acoustic measurements, combined with sweat pH level estimation and skin temperature, by swiping a smartphone over the patch area for enough time (≃5 seconds) to allow adequate acquisition and estimation of the aforementioned parameters. Fast screening of vital signals from patients in ambulatory or emergency scenarios can thus be achieved by this Near Field Communication (NFC) powered device, as well as home or office monitoring for those individuals suffering from diseases affecting the hemodynamic, cardiac and endocrine parameters detected by the proposed technology. Current consumption of the device is 1 mA for harvested levels of 1.8 V, yielding a power requirement of 1.8 mW. Within these conditions, the sensitivities achieved by each sensing modality are 42 mV/unit for pH, 0.12 °C for temperature, 48 dB SNR for ECG and -56 dBA for acoustic measurements.
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Recent Progress in Wireless Sensors for Wearable Electronics. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204353. [PMID: 31600870 PMCID: PMC6848938 DOI: 10.3390/s19204353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of wearable electronics has emphasized user-comfort, convenience, security, and improved medical functionality. Several previous research studies transformed various types of sensors into a wearable form to more closely monitor body signals and enable real-time, continuous sensing. In order to realize these wearable sensing platforms, it is essential to integrate wireless power supplies and data communication systems with the wearable sensors. This review article discusses recent progress in wireless technologies and various types of wearable sensors. Also, state-of-the-art research related to the application of wearable sensor systems with wireless functionality is discussed, including electronic skin, smart contact lenses, neural interfaces, and retinal prostheses. Current challenges and prospects of wireless sensor systems are discussed.
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