1
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Shen Q, Ding J, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xu B, Yang H, Sun Y, Hang L. Dual-responsive electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA21-1 detection based on Au/Co Co-loaded 3D ordered macroporous carbon interconnected framework. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114111. [PMID: 39053032 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is a protein fragment released into the bloodstream during the death of lung epithelial cells, serving as a predictive biomarker in diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and need to be accurately detected. Herein, a dual-responsive label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on a three-dimensional ordered interconnecting macroporous carbon skeleton material modified with gold-cobalt nanoparticles (Au/Co NPs-3D MCF) to detect cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). The three-dimensional ordered interconnect macroporous structure, by providing a high specific surface area and an electrochemically active area, not only enhances the electron transport channel and reduces mass transfer resistance, but also offers a confined region that elevates the collision frequency with the active site. In addition to exhibiting excellent biocompatibility for antibody binding, gold-cobalt nanoparticles contribute significantly to the overall robustness of the immunosensor. By capitalizing on the 3D network structure and collective effect of Au and Co NPs, the Au/Co NPs-3D MCF immunosensors exhibit exceptional response signals in both chronocurrent testing and square-wave voltammetry, allowing for a wide linear response range of 0.0001-100 ng/mL and a low detection limit. Moreover, the constructed immunosensor is capable of detecting CYFRA21-1 in human serum and has the potential for further extension to detect multiple biomarkers. This work opens up new avenues for the construction of other highly selective 3D network immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Zengsheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Hongxiao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Hang
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, PR China.
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2
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Jiang YQ, Wei YP, Liu XP, Chen JS, Mao CJ, Jin BK. Strong cathode electroluminescence biosensor based on CeO 2 functionalized PCN-222@Ag NPs for sensitive detection of p-Tau-181 protein. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:144-151. [PMID: 38520931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors provide a convenient and high sensitivity method for early disease diagnosis. However, creating luminophore arrays relying on powerful ECL signals remains a daunting task. Porphyrin-centered metal organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit remarkable potential in ECL sensing applications. In this paper, based on a simple one-pot synthesis method, PCN-222@Ag NPs doped with CeO2 was synthesized to enhance the ECL performance. Due to the strong catalytic ability of CeO2, the ECL signal strength of the new material PCN-222@CeO2@Ag NPs is much higher than that of the PCN-222@Ag NPs and PCN-222. The luminous properties of PCN-222@CeO2@Ag NPs become more intense and stable due to the excellent electronic conductivity of Ag NPs. Based on the fact that CuS@PDA composite can quench the ECL signal of PCN-222@CeO2@Ag NPs, we constructed a novel sandwich ECL immune sensor for the detection of phosphorylated Tau 181 (p-Tau-181) protein. The ECL sensor has a great linear relationship with p-Tau-181 protein concentration, ranging from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL. The detection limit is as low as 0.147 pg/mL. This work provides new ideas for developing sensitive ECL sensors for the p-Tau-181 protein, the marker of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xing-Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jing-Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chang-Jie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Bao-Kang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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3
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Wang X, Leng D, Li F, Liu L, Ren X, Lee JY, Ju H, Wei Q. A split-type photoelectrochemical immunosensing platform based on atom-efficient cation exchange for physiological monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1265:341340. [PMID: 37230581 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and accurate physiological monitoring is of great significance for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this project, an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) split-type sensor on the basis of controlled release strategy was established with great success. Heterojunction formation between g-C3N4 and Zn-doped CdS improved the visible light absorption efficiency, reduced carrier complexation, improved the PEC signal, and increased the stability of the PEC platform. Compared to the traditional model of immunosensors, the process of antigen-antibody specific binding was done in a 96 microplate, and the sensor separated the immune reaction from the photoelectrochemical conversion process, eliminating mutual interference. Cu2O nanocubes were used to label the second antibody (Ab2), and acid etching using HNO3 released a large amount of divalent copper ions, which exchanged cations with Cd2+ in the substrate material, causing a sharp drop in photocurrent and improving the sensitivity of the sensor. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the PEC sensor based on the controlled release strategy for CYFRA21-1 target detection had a wide concentration linear range of 5 × 10-5 to 100 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 0.0167 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This intelligent response variation pattern could also offer the possibility of additional clinical applications for other target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dongquan Leng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Faying Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Si F, Zhang Y, Lu J, Hou M, Yang H, Liu Y. A highly sensitive, eco-friendly electrochemical assay for alkaline phosphatase activity based on a photoATRP signal amplification strategy. Talanta 2023; 252:123775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Feng T, Song X, Wang W, Xu K, Wang S, Zhang N, Li Y, Ma H, Wei Q. High-bioactivity microfluidic immunosensing platform for electrochemiluminescence determination of CYFRA 21-1 with the introduction of Fe 3O 4@Cu@Cu 2O. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:336. [PMID: 35978171 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relying on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and microfluidic technology, an immunosensor chip with high bioactivity was designed for sensitive determination of cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1). The mesoporous nanomaterial Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O as the co-reaction accelerator was used to catalyze the S2O82- to produce more SO4•- to achieve the amplification of the ECL signal. In fact, the generating of SO4•- could not only be done with the aid of the reversible cycles of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and Cu+ and Cu2+, but could be achieved also through the catalase-like function of Fe3O4. What is more, it has also been proved that Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O exhibited better catalytic performance than single Fe3O4, Cu2O, and Cu@Cu2O, which supported its application in this system. In addition, a portable microfluidic immunosensor chip for CYFRA 21-1-sensitive determination was assembled, which showed high selectivity, sensitivity, and strong universality in clinical cancer screening and diagnosis. It should be noted that HWRGWVC (HWR) was introduced as the antibody fixator to improve the incubation and binding efficiency of the antibody, which increased the ECL intensity and improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. This strategy provided a new idea for cancer identification and diagnosis in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xianzhen Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Logistics Management Center of Yantai Customs District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.,Shandong University of Technology, West Campus No.12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - YuYang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
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6
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Dual-signal amplified electrochemical biosensor based on eATRP and PEI for early detection of lung cancer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108224. [PMID: 36029762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a lung cancer marker with high sensitivity and specificity, plays vital roles in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this paper, an electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of CEA was constructed, which based on dual signal amplification of electrically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for the first time. Firstly, CEA was captured in a specific recognition manner with CEA aptamer 1 (Apt1), which self-assembled on the electrode via "Au-S" bond. After that, CEA aptamer 2-PEI (Apt2-PEI) was recognized by CEA to form an Apt-antigen-Apt sandwich structure. Next, multiple initiation sites were introduced for the eATRP reaction by the amide reaction. Finally, numerous electroactive monomers, ferrocene methacrylate (FMMA), were grafted onto the modified electrode by eATRP. Under the optimized conditions, there was a wide linear detection range of 10-3 ∼ 102 ng·mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 70.17 fg·mL-1. Compared to other reported sensors, this electrochemical biosensor used a simpler and more environmentally friendly eATRP, and the use of PEI increased the electron transfer rate. Moreover, the biosensor showed superior analytical performance in the clinical serums and has great promise for early lung cancer diagnosis applications.
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7
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Construction of electrochemiluminescence biosensor via click chemistry and ARGET-ATRP for detecting tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Tahseen D, Sackey-Addo JR, Allen ZT, Anderson JT, McMurry JB, Cooley CB. Fluorogenic monomer activation for protein-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6257-6262. [PMID: 35694958 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) directly detects initiator-dependent polymer formation, as initially non-fluorescent polycyclic aromatic probe monomers reveal visible fluorescence upon polymerization in real time. Advancement of this initial proof-of-concept toward biodetection applications requires both a more detailed mechanistic understanding of probe fluorescence activation, and the ability to initiate fluorogenic polymerization directly from a biomolecule surface. Here, we show that simple monomer hydrogenation, independent of polymerization, reveals probe fluorescence, supporting the critical role of covalent enone attachment in fluorogenic probe quenching and subsequent fluorescence activation. We next demonstrate bioorthogonal, protein-initiated fluorogenic ATRP by the surface conjugation and characterization of protein-initiator conjugates of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Fluorogenic ATRP from initiator-modified protein allows for real-time visualization of polymer formation with negligible background fluorescence from unmodified BSA controls. We further probe the bioorthogonality of this fluorogenic ATRP assay by assessing polymer formation in a complex biological environment, spiked with fetal bovine serum. Taken together, we demonstrate the potential of aqueous fluorogenic ATRP as a robust, bioorthogonal method for biomolecular-initiated polymerization by real-time fluorescence activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Tahseen
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
| | - Jemima R Sackey-Addo
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
| | - Zachary T Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
| | - Joseph T Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
| | - Jordan B McMurry
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
| | - Christina B Cooley
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA.
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9
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Cheng D, Zhou Z, Shang S, Wang H, Guan H, Yang H, Liu Y. Electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of cTnI via in-situ initiated ROP signal amplification strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1219:340032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Li W, Yang Y, Bao F, Lu J, Miao J, Xu Y. A universal biosensor utilizing bacteria-initiated in situ growth of electroactive polymers for bacteria-related hazards detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Li P, Hou M, Chen L, Wang J, Yang H, Feng W. An electrochemical biosensor based on ARGET ATRP with DSN-assisted target recycling for sensitive detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:108037. [PMID: 34906819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical biosensor for detecting tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA is constructed by activator regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) combined with duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted target recycling. First, the captured DNA (cDNA) is self-assembled on the electrode surface and hybridizes with the TMV RNA (tRNA) to form cDNA/tRNA hybrids. And then the initiator of ARGET ATRP (α-bromoisobutyric acid, BMP) is attached to the cDNA via an amide bond and later triggers ARGET ATRP. Many electroactive monomers (ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate, FMMA) are polymerized and a remarkable electrical signal response of ferrocene (Fc) is obtained. However, with the present of DSN, DSN cleaves the cDNA/tRNA hybrid and releases tRNA to hybridize with another cDNA, thereby causing significant shortening of the length of the cDNA. The number of polymer chains on the electrode surface is drastically reduced, which is followed by a noticeable reduction in the signal of Fc. The method shows high sensitivity, superior selectivity, excellent stability and good reproducibility under optimal conditions with the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9 fM. Furthermore, the biosensor showed satisfactory applicability in detecting tRNA in real samples, thereby demonstrating the potential of the method for practical TMV RNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Hou
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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12
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Lu J, Li D, Ma L, Miao M, Liu Y, Kong J. Fluorescent assay of alkaline phosphatase activity via atom transfer radical polymerization. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Hu K, Cheng J, Wang K, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang Z. Sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA21-1 detection based on AuNPs@MoS 2@Ti 3C 2T x composites. Talanta 2022; 238:122987. [PMID: 34857321 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is a sensitive marker for detecting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ti3C2Tx modified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were synthesized for the first time to obtain the AuNPs@MoS2@Ti3C2Tx composites, which have large specific surface area and good electrocatalytic properties. A novel electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 was developed by loading a large quantity of secondary antibodies (Ab2) and toluidine blue (TB) on the surface of the material as signal probe, and Nafion-AuNPs mixture as electrode material. When the electrochemical response value of CYFRA21-1 increased linearly within the concentration range of 0.5 pg mL-1-50 ng mL-1, the detection limit can reach as low as 0.03 pg mL-1. In addition, the experimental results showed that the biosensor had the potential to rapidly detect CYFRA21-1 in the complex samples such as patient serum, and had a broad application prospect in the early diagnosis and monitoring of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Cheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Kangbin Wang
- Henan Research Institute of Breeding Livestock and Poultry Industry Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Zhao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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14
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Li P, Zhang Y, Gong P, Liu Y, Feng W, Yang H. Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization combined with click chemistry for highly sensitive detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Talanta 2021; 235:122803. [PMID: 34517661 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA (tRNA) based on click chemistry and photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) is developed for the first time. Herein, tRNA is recognized and captured by hairpin DNA immobilized on the gold electrode surface by Au-S self-assembly. Propyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (PBIB), a photoATRP initiator containing an alkyne group, is conjugated to the azide group of hairpin DNA via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azidoalkyl cyclization reaction (CuAAC). Under the irradiation of 470 nm blue light, photoATRP is activated by the photoredox catalyst (eosin Y, EY), resulting in the formation of a large number of electroactive probes (ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate, FMMA), which significantly amplifies the signal. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the strategy has a wide linear detection (0.1 pM-10 nM) (R2 = 0.995) with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.5 fM. In addition, the biosensor also exhibited good selectivity for mismatched bases, excellent stability and reproducibility. Moreover, satisfactory result was achieved when the biosensor was applied to the detection of tRNA from healthy rehmannia total RNA extracts, which demonstrates the great potential of the method in the practical detection of TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gong
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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15
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Zhu X, Wang W, Lu J, Hao L, Yang H, Liu Y, Si F, Kong J. Grafting of polymers via ring-opening polymerization for electrochemical assay of alkaline phosphatase activity. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339069. [PMID: 34711324 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As an important hydrolytic enzyme, abnormal activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is closely associated with a variety of diseases. It has been identified as an important diagnostic indicator for clinical hepatobiliary and bone diseases. Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on signal amplification strategy through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has been developed to assay of ALP activity. First of all, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid (MPA) was employed as a cross-linking agent to attach O-phosphoethanolamine to the electrode surface via amide bond. Then, ALP catalyzed the hydrolysis of phosphate monoester structures to hydroxyl groups, which could initiate ROP reaction. The polymer grafted on the electrode surface contains a large number of ferrocene electroactive molecules, which effectively increased the signal output of the electrochemical sensor and improved the sensitivity of ALP activity detection. Under optimum conditions, this electrochemical sensor rendered a satisfactory linear dependence over the range from 20 to 120 mU mL-1, with a low detection limit of 0.66 mU mL-1. Furthermore, this strategy presented satisfactory selectivity and interference resistance in human serum sample, and compared with clinical data, the relative error of the results obtained by this method was less than 5%. Thus, this method showed considerable potential for the detection of ALP activity in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Lulu Hao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Fuchun Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
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16
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Sri S, Lakshmi GBVS, Gulati P, Chauhan D, Thakkar A, Solanki PR. Simple and facile carbon dots based electrochemical biosensor for TNF-α targeting in cancer patient's sample. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338909. [PMID: 34602194 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine having key roles in cell death, differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration and is a modulator of immune system. Therefore, TNF-α is an ideal biomarker for several disease diagnosis including cancer. However, out of all the biomarkers of cancer, TNF-α) is less explored for cancer detection. Only a few reports are available of developing biosensors for TNF-α targeting in human serum samples. Also, Carbon Dots (CDs) remains less explored in biosensor application. In this regard, for the first time, a sensitive and low-cost electrochemical biosensor based on CDs has developed. CDs were synthesized by simple yet facile microwave pyrolysis. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as the matrix to hold CDs to fabricate the biosensing platform. This novel CD-PMMA nanocomposite featuring excellent biocompatibility, exceptional electrocatalytic conductivity, and large surface area. CD-PMMA was applied as transducing material to efficiently conjugate antibodies specific towards TNF-α and fabricate electrochemical immunosensor for specific detection of TNF-α. The fabricated immunosensor was used for the detection of TNF-α within a wide dynamic range of 0.05-160 pg mL-1 with a lower detection limit of 0.05 pg mL-1 and sensitivity of 5.56 pg mL-1 cm-2. Furthermore, this CDs based immunosensor retains high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This immunosensor demonstrated a high correlation with the conventional technique, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for early screening of cancer patient serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Payal Gulati
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepika Chauhan
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Thakkar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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17
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Lai Q, Chen W, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Application strategies of peptide nucleic acids toward electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. Analyst 2021; 146:5822-5835. [PMID: 34581324 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have attracted tremendous interest in the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors due to their higher stability and increased sensitivity than common DNA probes. The neutral pseudopeptide backbone of PNAs not only makes the PNA/DNA duplexes more stable but also provides many opportunities to construct ultrasensitive nucleic acid sensors. This review presents the details of various protocols for the construction of PNA-based electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. The crucial factors, origin, and development of PNA, immobilization methods of PNA probes and signal generation mechanisms, are discussed. This review aims to provide a reference for ultrasensitive PNA electrochemical biosensor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Lai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanke Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhengchun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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18
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Liu Q, Xie H, Liu J, Kong J, Zhang X. A novel electrochemical biosensor for lung cancer-related gene detection based on copper ferrite-enhanced photoinitiated chain-growth amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338843. [PMID: 34535265 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported an electrochemical biosensor via CuFe2O4-enhanced photoinitiated chain-growth polymerization for ultrasensitive detection of lung cancer-related gene. In this work, photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was applied to amplify the electrochemical signal corresponding to lung cancer-related gene, and polymerization was triggered off under the illumination of blue light which was involved in copper-mediated reductive quenching cycle. At the same time, CuFe2O4-H2O2 system was also activated to enhance polymerization based on the photocatalysis of CuFe2O4, which was based on the reaction between •OH and methacrylic monomers to generate carbon-based radicals. Numerous ferrocene-based polymer was graft onto electrode surface through this amplification stages. The limit of detection was low to 1.98 aM (in 10 μL, ∼11.9 molecules) (R2 = 0.998) with a wide linear range from 0.1 fM to 10 pM. This strategy made a good trade-off between cost-effectiveness and sensitivity, and it also presented a high selectivity and anti-interference. In addition, the operation was greatly simplified and detection time was also shortened, which endowed this electrochemical DNA biosensor great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Huifang Xie
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Jingliang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211171, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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19
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Novel electrochemical biosensor based on Exo III-assisted digestion of dsDNA polymer from hybridization chain reaction in homogeneous solution for CYFRA 21-1 DNA assay. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1158:338413. [PMID: 33863414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical biosensing strategy was proposed to detect cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) DNA based on Exo III-assisted digestion of dsDNA polymer (EADDP) from hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Primarily, the presence of target can drive a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction, which was aimed to achieve target recognition and circulation. Then the HCR can be triggered for further signal amplification and generate long dsDNA polymer with signal tags. Subsequently, the introduction of Exo III can digest the long dsDNA polymer to produce large amounts of double signal fragments (DSFs). The above experiments were all carried out in homogeneous solution. Finally, the released DSF can be captured onto the electrode directly by capture probe (CP) and a highly amplified electrochemical signal can be detected. The EADDP in homogeneous solution circumvented complex solid-liquid interface reaction and tedious operation steps on electrode. Besides, one target can be converted into abundant DSFs, which greatly improved the sensitivity. This biosensor exhibited a low detection limit (0.0348 fM) and wide linear range (5 fM ∼ 50 nM) for CYFRA 21-1 DNA biosensing with reliable specificity and stability.
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20
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Functionalized graphene oxide in situ initiated ring-opening polymerization for highly sensitive sensing of cytokeratin-19 fragment. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:123. [PMID: 33712913 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving the sensitivity of detection is crucial to monitor biomarker, assess toxicity, and track therapeutic agent. Herein, a sensitivity-improved immunosensor is reported for the first time via functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and a "grafting-to" ring-opening polymerization (ROP) dual signal amplification strategy. Through the ROP reaction using 2-[(4-ferrocenylbutoxy)methyl] oxirane (FcEpo) as the monomer, lots of electroactive tags are linked in situ from multiple initiation sites on the GO surface modified with ethanol amine (GO-ETA), thereby achieving high sensitivity even in the case of trace amounts of tumor markers. The utmost important factor for achieving this high sensitivity is to select functionalized GO as the initiator that contains a large number of repeated hydroxyl functional groups so as to trigger additional ROP reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the high sensitivity and applicability is demonstrated by the use of GO-ETA-mediated ROP-based immunosensor to detect non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-specific biomarker down to 72.58 ag/mL (equivalent to ~6 molecules in a 5 μL sample). Furthermore, the satisfactory results for the determination of biomarkers in clinical serum samples highlighted that this immunosensor holds a huge potential in practical clinical application. This work described an electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA 21-1 via the functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and a "grafting-to" ring-opening polymerization (ROP) dual signal amplification strategy, which hold the merits of high sensitivity, applicability, selectivity, efficiency, easy operation and environmental friendliness.
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21
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Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 detection using electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:115. [PMID: 33686530 PMCID: PMC7940335 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) protein is a critical tumor biomarker tightly related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we prepared an effective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for CYFRA 21-1 detection using electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). The CYFRA 21-1 antigen was fixed on the electrode surface by constructing a sandwich type antibody-antigen-antibody immune system. The sensitivity of ECL was improved by using the eATRP reaction. In this method, eATRP was applied to CYFRA 21-1 detection antibody with N-acryloyloxysuccinimide as functional monomer. This is the first time that ECL and eATRP signal amplification technology had been combined. Under the optimized testing conditions, the immunosensor showed a good linear relation in the range from 1 fg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 at a limit of detection of 0.8 fg mL−1 (equivalent to ~ 134 molecules in a 10 μL sample). The ECL immunosensing system based on eATRP signal amplification technology provided a new way for rapid diagnosis of lung cancer by detecting CYFRA 21-1. The paper prepared an electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA 21-1 via eATRP signal amplification strategy, which had the advantages of high sensitivity, reproducibility, and held potential prospect for analysis of low-abundance. ![]()
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22
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Wang W, Lu J, Hao L, Yang H, Song X, Si F. Electrochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase activity through enzyme-catalyzed reaction using aminoferrocene as an electroactive probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1827-1836. [PMID: 33481047 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a nonspecific phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays a pivotal role in tissue mineralization and osteogenesis which is an important biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of bone and hepatobiliary diseases. Herein, we described a novel electrochemical method that used aminoferrocene (AFC) as an electroactive probe for the ALP activity detection. In the condition with imidazole and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), the AFC probe could be directly labeled on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by one-step conjugation. Specifically, thiolated ssDNA at 3'-terminals was modified to the electrode surface through Au-S bond. In the condition without ALP, AFC could be labeled on ssDNA by conjugating with phosphate groups. In the presence of ALP, phosphate groups were catalyzed to be removed from the 5'-terminal of ssDNA. The AFC probe cannot be labeled on ssDNA. Thus, the electrochemical detection of ALP activity was achieved. Under optimal conditions, the strategy presented a good linear relationship between current intensity and ALP concentration in the range of 20 to 100 mU/mL with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.48 mU/mL. More importantly, the approach rendered high selectivity and satisfactory applicability for ALP activity detection. In addition, this method has merits of ease of operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Thus, this strategy presents great potential for ALP activity detection in practical applications. An easy, sensitive and reliable strategy was developed for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity via electrochemical "Signal off".
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lulu Hao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xuejie Song
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Fuchun Si
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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24
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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25
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Surmacz K, Chmielarz P. Low Ppm Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in (Mini)Emulsion Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1717. [PMID: 32268579 PMCID: PMC7178667 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, unceasing interest in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been noted, especially in aqueous dispersion systems. Emulsion or miniemulsion is a preferred environment for industrial polymerization due to easier heat dissipation and lower production costs associated with the use of water as a dispersant. The main purpose of this review is to summarize ATRP methods used in emulsion media with different variants of initiating systems. A comparison of a dual over single catalytic approache by interfacial and ion pair catalysis is presented. In addition, future development directions for these methods are suggested for better use in biomedical and electronics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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