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Hu Z, Yang Z, Chen M, Chen W, Ma W, Lu J, Sun D. Double hook-type aptamer-based colorimetric and electrochemical biosensor enables rapid and robust analysis of EpCAM expression. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 266:116717. [PMID: 39232435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is overexpressed in breast cancer cells and participates in cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, has been utilized as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis. Here, a dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor is fabricated for the evaluation of EpCAM at the level of three breast cancer cell lines. The central principle of this enzyme-free aptasensor is the use of double hook-type aptamers (SYL3C and SJ3C2)-functionalized magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) as capture probes and quasi-CoFe prussian blue analogs (QCoFe PBAs) as nonenzymatic signal probes for colorimetric and electrochemical analysis. Following ligand detachment, the CoFe PBA was transformed to QCoFe PBA (calcined at 350 °C for 1 h), with its metal active sites exposed by controllable pyrolysis. We found that the enhanced sensitivity was attributed to the resonance effect of QCoFe PBA with the remarkable enzymatic properties. The dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor exhibited limits of detection for EpCAM as low as 0.89 pg mL-1 and 0.24 pg mL-1, within a wide linear range from 0.001 to 100 ng mL-1, respectively. We successfully employed this nonenzymatic aptasensor for monitoring EpCAM expression in three breast cancer cell lines, which provides an economical and robust alternative to costly and empirical flow cytometry. The dual-signal readout nonenzymatic aptasensor provides rapid, robust, and promising technological support for the accurate management of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Hu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zelin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duanping Sun
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F. The LOD paradox: When lower isn't always better in biosensor research and development. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116670. [PMID: 39151260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Biosensor research has long focused on achieving the lowest possible Limits of Detection (LOD), driving significant advances in sensitivity and opening up new possibilities in analysis. However, this intense focus on low LODs may not always meet the practical needs or suit the actual uses of these devices. While technological improvements are impressive, they can sometimes overlook important factors such as detection range, ease of use, and market readiness, which are vital for biosensors to be effective in real-world applications. This review advocates for a balanced approach to biosensor development, emphasizing the need to align technological advancements with practical utility. We delve into various applications, including the detection of cancer biomarkers, pathology-related biomarkers, and illicit drugs, illustrating the critical role of LOD within these contexts. By considering clinical needs and broader design aspects like cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and regulatory compliance, we argue that integrating technical progress with practicality will enhance the impact of biosensors. Such an approach ensures that biosensors are not only technically sound but also widely useable and beneficial in real-world applications. Addressing the diverse analytical parameters alongside user expectations and market demands will likely maximize the real-world impact of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkiye.
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3
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Liu M, Wen Y. Point-of-care testing for early-stage liver cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine: Biomarkers, current technologies and perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38444. [PMID: 39397977 PMCID: PMC11470528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a highly prevalent and lethal form of cancer worldwide. In the absence of early diagnosis, treatment options for this disease are severely restricted. Recent advancements in genomics and bioinformatics have facilitated the discovery of a multitude of novel biomarkers that accurately depict an individual's disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response. Leveraging these breakthroughs, personalized medicine employs an individual's biomarker profile to enable early detection of liver cancer and inform decisions regarding treatment selection, dosage determination, and prognosis assessment. The current lack of readily applicable, timely, and economically viable tools for biomarker analysis has hindered the incorporation of personalized medicine into regular clinical procedures. Over the past decade, significant advancements have been achieved in the field of molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) and amplification techniques, leading to substantial improvements in the diagnosis of liver cancer and the implementation of precision medicine. Instrument-free PCR technology or plasma PCR technology can shorten the complex procedure of in vitro detection of nucleic acid-based biomarkers. Also, compared to traditional ELISA, various nanomaterials modified with monoclonal antibodies to target proteins for recognition, capture, and detection have improved the efficiency of protein-based biomarker detection. These advances have reduced the time and cost of clinical detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and improved the efficiency of timely diagnosis and survival of suspected patients while reducing unnecessary testing costs and procedures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging biomarkers employed in the early detection of liver cancer, as well as the advancements in point-of-care molecular testing technology and platforms. The primary objective is to assess their potential in facilitating the implementation of personalized medicine. This review ultimately revealed that the diagnosis of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma not only requires sensitive biomarkers, but its various modifications and changes during the progression of cirrhosis to early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma will be a greater focus of our attention in the future. The rapid development of POCT has facilitated the opportunity to readily detect liver cancer in the general population in the future, and the integration of multi-pathway multiplexing and intelligent algorithms has improved the sensitivity and accuracy of early liver cancer biomarker detection. It is expected that the integration of point-of-care technology will be instrumental in the widespread adoption of personalized medicine in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yanrong Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
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4
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Ma X, Ge Y, Xia N. Overview of the Design and Application of Dual-Signal Immunoassays. Molecules 2024; 29:4551. [PMID: 39407482 PMCID: PMC11477509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays have been widely used for the determination of various analytes in the fields of disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Dual-signal immunoassays are now advanced and integrated detection technologies with excellent self-correction and self-validation capabilities. In this work, we summarize the recent advances in the development of optical and electrochemical dual-signal immunoassays, including colorimetric, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, and photoelectrochemical methods. This review particularly emphasizes the working principle of diverse dual-signal immunoassays and the utilization of dual-functional molecules and nanomaterials. It also outlines the challenges and prospects of future research on dual-signal immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Physical and Healthy Education, Nanchang Vocational University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yijing Ge
- Department of Physical and Healthy Education, Nanchang Vocational University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
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5
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Wang M, Ma C, Jiang M, Guo M, Zhao C, Ren H, Lai W, Li Z, Hong C, Yu F. Construction of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Immunosensing Platform Based on Smartphone Photothermal Signal Integration. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14989-14997. [PMID: 39215687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The combination of the photothermal effect and immunoassay serves as a potent tool for crafting cost-effective and user-friendly biosensing systems. To ensure efficient light-to-heat conversion, we integrated three-dimensional-printed (3D printed) technology to devise a novel design. This design functions as the structural support for both the cell phone and laser probe, as well as a means for sample handling. The main body features a three-way cavity structure, securing the test sample at a fixed position to maintain consistent light distance and angle, thereby minimizing testing errors. Card slot insert facilitates precise sample positioning to ensure the adequacy of receiving light. The sample holder's wide front and narrow back design enables the accommodation of fixed samples while providing a broad field of view, with intervals therein effectively preventing cascading heat. Our design employs MB@MOF235 (methylene blue adsorbed by iron terephthalate) as the photothermal reagent, successfully enabling the detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP). The detection range spans from 0.01 to 50 ng/mL, with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.032 pg/mL. The detection method, combining simplicity, portability, and visualization, offers a reliable reference for furthering precision medicine toward personalized medicine. Meanwhile, to verify the method's accuracy electrochemical testing was conducted to support the proof using the electro-oxidizing activity of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chaoyun Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion&Chemical Engineering Process School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingzhe Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haoyi Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhina Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenglin Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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6
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Gong L, Wu S, Liu J, Zhang M, Zhuang J, Xu D. Construction of an immunosensor based on Cys/Au@TiO 2 modification for the detection of liver cancer marker PIVKA-II. Talanta 2024; 275:126082. [PMID: 38677167 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive immunosensor of Cys/Au@TiO2 based on disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for PIVKA-II detection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis was developed by utilizing Cystine (Cys) and nanocomposite Au@TiO2. Firstly, HAuCl4 underwent a reduction reaction with NaBH4, then Au nanoparticles were coated onto TiO2 nanoparticles. Followed, Cys/Au@TiO2 was formed through self-assembly of cysteine to allow the monoclonal antibody of abnormal thrombospondin to bound to the amino group on the surface of the composite by covalent bonding. The mechanism is to determine the changes in the current of the sensor caused by the specific binding of the abnormal prothrombin monoclonal antibody adsorbed by the complex with its antigen. The Cys/Au@TiO2 immunosensor was fully characterized by various analytical approaches and it showed a wide linear testing range of 1-10000 pg mL-1 (R2 = 0.991) and the limit of detection down to 0.77 pg ml-1, with highly sensitivity and specificity. The results showed that the developed immunosensor platform can effectively detect trace amounts of PIVKA-II protein and has potent clinical application for HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvhong Gong
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Laboratory Department of Chongqing Jiulongpo District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 400050, China
| | - Jinghao Zhuang
- Department of Physics and Energy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, China.
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7
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Shan CW, Chen Z, Han GC, Feng XZ, Kraatz HB. Electrochemical immuno-biosensors for the detection of the tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein: A review. Talanta 2024; 271:125638. [PMID: 38237279 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein that has many important physiological functions, including transportation, immunosuppression, and induction of apoptosis by T lymphocytes. AFP is closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and many kinds of tumors, all of which can show high concentrations, so it is used as a positive test indicator for many kinds of tumors. This paper reviews recent advances in the detection of the tumor marker AFP based on three immuno-biosensors: electrochemical (EC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and electrochemical luminescence (ECL). The electrodes are modified by different materials or homemade composites, different signaling molecules are selected as single probes or dual probes for the detection of AFP. The detection limit was as low as 3 fg/mL, which indicated that the AFP immunosensor had achieved highly sensitive detection. In addition, we also reviewed and summarized the current development status and application prospect of AFP immunoelectrochemical sensors. There are not too many researches on immunosensors based on dual-signal ratios, and the commonly used probes are methylene blue (MB) and ferrocene (Fc). It would be more innovative to have more novel signaling molecules as probes to prepare dual-signal ratio sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Shan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Guo-Cheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Zhen Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Liu L, Yao Q, Jiang F, Cai Z, Meng M, Sun H, Zhang L, Gong J. Ultrasensitive Dual-Mode Visual/Photoelectrochemical Bioassay for Antibiotic Resistance Genes through Incorporating Rolling Circle Amplicons into a Tailored Nanoassembly. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38329298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants in the environment, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have aroused a global health crisis and posed a serious threat to ecological safety and human health. Thus, efficient and accurate onsite detection of ARGs is crucial for environmental surveillance. Here, we presented a colorimetric-photoelectrochemical (PEC) dual-mode bioassay for simultaneous detection of multiple ARGs by smartly incorporating rolling circle amplification (RCA) into a stimuli-responsive DNA nanoassembly, using the tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC as models. The tailored DNA nanoassembly containing RCA amplicons hybridized with specific signal probes: CuO nanoflowers-anchored signal DNA1 and HgO nanoparticles-anchored signal DNA2, respectively. Upon exposure to an acidic stimulus, numerous Cu2+ and Hg2+ were released, serving as the reporting agent of colorimetric/PEC dual-mode assay. The released Cu2+ and Hg2+ induced localized surface plasmon resonance shifts in Au nanorods and triangular Ag nanoplates through an etching process, respectively, enabling visual analysis of ARGs with distinguishing color changes. Meanwhile, numerous Cu2+ and Hg2+ triggered the amplified PEC variations via reacting with the photoactive layers of CuS/CdS and ZnS, respectively. Thus, a rapid and ultrasensitive colorimetric/PEC dual-mode detection of multiple ARGs was achieved with the detection limit down to 17.2 aM. Furthermore, such dual-mode bioassay could discriminate single-base mismatch and successfully determine ARGs in E. coli plasmids and sludge samples, holding great promise for point-of-care genetic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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9
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Hiniduma K, Bhalerao KS, De Silva PIT, Chen T, Rusling JF. Design and Fabrication of a 3D-Printed Microfluidic Immunoarray for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Protein Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2187. [PMID: 38138356 PMCID: PMC10745552 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has revolutionized device fabrication by merging principles of fluid dynamics with technologies from chemistry, physics, biology, material science, and microelectronics. Microfluidic systems manipulate small volumes of fluids to perform automated tasks with applications ranging from chemical syntheses to biomedical diagnostics. The advent of low-cost 3D printers has revolutionized the development of microfluidic systems. For measuring molecules, 3D printing offers cost-effective, time, and ease-of-designing benefits. In this paper, we present a comprehensive tutorial for design, optimization, and validation for creating a 3D-printed microfluidic immunoarray for ultrasensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers. The target is the development of a point of care array to determine five protein biomarkers for aggressive cancers. The design phase involves defining dimensions of microchannels, reagent chambers, detection wells, and optimizing parameters and detection methods. In this study, the physical design of the array underwent multiple iterations to optimize key features, such as developing open detection wells for uniform signal distribution and a flap for covering wells during the assay. Then, full signal optimization for sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) was performed, and calibration plots were generated to assess linear dynamic ranges and LODs. Varying characteristics among biomarkers highlighted the need for tailored assay conditions. Spike-recovery studies confirmed the assay's accuracy. Overall, this paper showcases the methodology, rigor, and innovation involved in designing a 3D-printed microfluidic immunoarray. Optimized parameters, calibration equations, and sensitivity and accuracy data contribute valuable metrics for future applications in biomarker analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshani Hiniduma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; (K.H.); (K.S.B.); (P.I.T.D.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Ketki S. Bhalerao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; (K.H.); (K.S.B.); (P.I.T.D.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Peyahandi I. Thilini De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; (K.H.); (K.S.B.); (P.I.T.D.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; (K.H.); (K.S.B.); (P.I.T.D.S.); (T.C.)
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA; (K.H.); (K.S.B.); (P.I.T.D.S.); (T.C.)
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-0001, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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10
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Wu J, Liang B, Lu S, Xie J, Song Y, Wang L, Gao L, Huang Z. Application of 3D printing technology in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Biomed Mater 2023; 19:012002. [PMID: 37918002 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad08e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology is an increasing approach consisting of material manufacturing through the selective incremental delamination of materials to form a 3D structure to produce products. This technology has different advantages, including low cost, short time, diversification, and high precision. Widely adopted additive manufacturing technologies enable the creation of diagnostic tools and expand treatment options. Coupled with its rapid deployment, 3D printing is endowed with high customizability that enables users to build prototypes in shorts amounts of time which translates into faster adoption in the medical field. This review mainly summarizes the application of 3D printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, including the challenges and the prospects combined with other technologies applied to the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wu
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoqiao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd (CAERI), Chongqing 401122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lude Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiyin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang M, Jiang M, Ma C, Zhao C, Lai W, Li J, Wang D, Hong C, Qi Y. Construction of a Dual-Mode Immune Platform Based on the Photothermal Effect of AgCo@NC NPs for the Detection of α-Fetoprotein. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16225-16233. [PMID: 37877873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the accuracy of a single signal and the limitation of environmental applicability, the application value of dual-mode detection is gradually increasing. To this end, based on the photothermal effect of Ag/Co embedded N-rich mesoporous carbon nanomaterials (AgCo@NC NPs), we designed a dual-mode signal response system for the detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP). First, AgCo@NC NPs act as a photothermal immunoprobe that converts light energy into heat driven by a near-infrared (NIR) laser and obtains temperature changes corresponding to the analyte concentration on a hand-held thermal imager. In addition, this temperature recognition system can significantly improve the efficiency of Fenton-like reactions. AgCo@NC NPs act as peroxidase mimics to initiate the generation of poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM, resistance enhancer) by cascade catalysis and the degradation of methylene blue (MB), thus enabling electrochemical testing. The dual-mode assay ranges from 0.01 to 100 and 0.001-10 ng/mL, with lower limits of detection (LOD) of 3.2 and 0.089 pg/mL, respectively, and combines visualization, portability, and high efficiency, opening new avenues for future clinical diagnostics and inhibitor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chulei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Dasheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Hong
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
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12
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Ju Y, Yang Y, Tang Q, Wang M, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Zhai Y, Wang H, Li L. Fluorometric detection of alpha-fetoprotein based on the use of a novel organic compound with AIE activity and aptamer-modified magnetic microparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341692. [PMID: 37709445 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it seriously threatens human life and health. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), as a carcinogenic glycoprotein, is an important serum marker for detecting liver cancer. Therefore, the accurate and sensitive determination of AFP is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. To this end, a label-free fluorescence aptasensor for detecting AFP based on the use of a novel organic Compound D with an aggregation-induced emission activity and aptamer-modified magnetic microparticles was constructed. RESULTS Compound D could combine with the complementary short chain of the aptamer (CSC-Apt) of AFP to form the D/CSC-Apt complex and realize the fluorescence enhancement of Compound D. Then, magnetic particles modified by the Apt of AFP (Apt-Fe3O4) were prepared. When AFP (or nontarget substance) and D/CSC-Apt were successively added to the Apt-Fe3O4 solution, Apt-Fe3O4 selectively bound to AFP or the D/CSC-Apt complex. Magnetic separation technology showed the changes in the fluorescence intensity of the supernatant. The research results revealed a good linear relationship between the changes in the fluorescence intensity of the supernatant and concentration of AFP within the concentration range of 10-10000 pg mL-1. The proposed aptasensor could achieve high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of AFP, and its limit of detection was 3 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The sensor combines the advantages of high selectivity of Apt, high sensitivity of fluorescence analysis, AIE effect and good water solubility of Compound D, and rapid separation using magnetic separation technology. And it can be directly used for the detection of AFP in actual serum samples with high accuracy, whereas most of the methods reported in the literature can only detect AFP in spiked serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ju
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiukai Tang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Sian International Hospital, Jiaxing, 314031, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Zeng
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zulei Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyun Zhai
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Li X, Li Y, Wang Y, Liang P, Lai G. Distance-Regulated Photoelectrochemical Sensor "Signal-On" and "Signal-Off" Transitions for the Multiplexed Detection of Viruses Exposed in the Aquatic Environment. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13922-13931. [PMID: 37671934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical (PEC) sensors were severely limited for multiplex detection applications due to the cross interference between multiplex signals at the single recognition interface. In this work, a distance-regulated PEC sensor was developed for multiplex detection by using an i-Motif sequence with conformational transformation activity as the signal transduction unit. Through dynamic regulation of the spatial distance between the end site of the functional sequence and the electrode material, the photogenerated electrons on the surface of the sensor were directionally transferred. Thus, a PEC sensor with "signal-on" and "signal-off" dual signal output modes was developed for simultaneous detection of multitarget molecules. Combining isothermal nucleic acid amplification, the PEC sensor constructed in this work was successfully applied to the detection of two virus (Norovirus and Rotavirus) nucleic acid sequences. Under the optimal condition, this bioassay protocol exhibits a linear range of 0.01-100 nM for both viruses with detection limits of 0.72 and 0.53 pM, respectively. In this study, a stimulus-mediated distance regulation strategy successfully addressed the transduction of multiplex detection signals at the single recognition interface of the PEC sensor. It is expected that the technical barriers to multiplex detection of PEC sensors will be overcome and the application of PEC sensing technology will be expanded in the field of environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Yishuang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang T, Yang L, Yan F, Wang K. Vertically-Ordered Mesoporous Silica Film Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Human Serum. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:628. [PMID: 37366993 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Convenient and rapid detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is vital for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this work, low-cost (0.22 USD for single sensor) and stable (during 6 days) electrochemical aptasensor was developed for highly sensitive and direct detection of AFP in human serum with the assist of vertically-ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF). VMSF has silanol groups on the surface and regularly ordered nanopores, which could provide binding sites for further functionalization of recognition aptamer and also confer the sensor with excellent anti-biofouling capacity. The sensing mechanism relies on the target AFP-controlled diffusion of Fe(CN)63-/4- redox electrochemical probe through the nanochannels of VMSF. The resulting reduced electrochemical responses are related to the AFP concentration, allowing the linear determination of AFP with a wide dynamic linear range and a low limit of detection. Accuracy and potential of the developed aptasensor were also demonstrated in human serum by standard addition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Luoxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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15
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Liu C, Liu T. A Graphene-assisted Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Alpha-fetoprotein in Serum. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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16
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Zhao S, Xu Z, Bu T, Hu X, Cao J, Hou J, Bai F, Zhang R, Wang L, Zhang G. Iridium (IV) oxide-mediated microorganism nanozyme amplified immunochromatographic assay for dual-signal sensitive detection of salbutamol. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Liu G, Liu J, Zhou H, Wang H. Recent advances in nanotechnology-enhanced biosensors for α-fetoprotein detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:3. [PMID: 36469175 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a kind of fetal protein that is related to tumor, the increasing concentration of which gives birth to a large variety of diseases, such as liver cancer. Therefore, the detection method with super sensitivity, high selectivity, and less time consumption under trace concentrations in early stage of diseases is becoming a necessity. In recent years, nanomaterials have been regarded as significant resources for the exploration of efficient biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, speed, as well as simple process, due to their excellent optical, electrical, and chemical properties. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of AFP biosensors with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity by nanoparticles. Representative examples have also been displayed in this paper to expound the nanotechnologies utilized in the early detection of AFP. Furthermore, challenges of the clinical application of AFP biosensors based on nanotechnology have been elaborated, as well as the development opportunity in this field in the future. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the various nano-biosensor for AFP detection based on functional nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengjun Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xie S, Yang H, Teng L, Liang S, Zhang J, Tang Y, Xu Y. A dual-mode of electrochemical-colorimetric biosensing platform for kanamycin detection based on self-sacrifice beacon and magnetic separation technique. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1236:340590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Jia W, Han Y, Mao X, Xu W, Zhang Y. Nanotechnology strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31068-31082. [PMID: 36349046 PMCID: PMC9621307 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy threatening human health, and existing diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are facing great challenges. In the last decade or so, nanotechnology has been developed and improved for tumor diagnosis and treatment. For example, nano-intravenous injections have been approved for malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the applications of nanotechnology in HCC in recent years: (I) in radiological imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging (FMI) and multimodality imaging. (II) For diagnostic applications in HCC serum markers. (III) As embolic agents in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or directly as therapeutic drugs. (IV) For application in photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. (V) As carriers of chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted drugs, and natural plant drugs. (VI) For application in gene and immunotherapy. Compared with the traditional methods for diagnosis and treatment of HCC, nanoparticles have high sensitivity, reduce drug toxicity and have a long duration of action, and can also be combined with photothermal and photodynamic multimodal combination therapy. These summaries provide insights for the further development of nanotechnology applications in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiLu Jia
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - YingHui Han
- Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - XinYu Mao
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - WenJing Xu
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - YeWei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210009 China
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20
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Li X, Cui K, Xiu M, Zhou C, Li L, Zhang J, Hao S, Zhang L, Ge S, Huang Y, Yu J. In situ growth of WO 3/BiVO 4 nanoflowers onto cellulose fibers to construct photoelectrochemical/colorimetric lab-on-paper devices for the ultrasensitive detection of AFP. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4031-4039. [PMID: 35506741 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, novel dual-mode lab-on-paper devices based on in situ grown WO3/BiVO4 heterojunctions onto cellulose fibers, as signal amplification probes, were successfully fabricated by the integration of photoelectrochemical (PEC)/colorimetric analysis technologies into a paper sensing platform for the ultrasensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Specifically, to achieve an impressive PEC performance of the lab-on-paper device, the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction was in situ grown onto the surface of cellulose fibers assisted with Au nanoparticle (Au NP) functionalization for enhancing the conductivity of the working zone of the device. With the target concentration increased, more immune conjugates could be captured by the proposed paper photoelectrode, which could lead to a quantitative decrease in the photocurrent intensity, eventually realizing the accurate PEC signal readout. To meet the requirement of end-user application, a colorimetric signal readout system was designed for the lab-on-paper device based on the color reaction of 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidized by WO3/BiVO4 nanoflowers in the presence of H2O2. Noticeably, it is the first time that the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction is in situ grown onto cellulose fibers, which enhances the sensitivity in view of both their PEC activity and catalytic ability. By controlling the conversion process of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the lab-on-paper device combined with diverse origami methods, the dual-mode PEC/colorimetric signal output for the ultrasensitive AFP detection was realized. Under optimal conditions, the proposed dual-mode lab-on-paper device could enable the sensitive PEC/colorimetric diagnosis of AFP in the linear range of 0.09-100 ng mL-1 and 5-100 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection of 0.03 and 1.47 ng mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzhen Xiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Shiji Hao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Yizhong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
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21
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Wang J, Hou Y, Sun Y, Fang F, Luo C, Wang X. A chemiluminescence aptasensor for sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein based on hemin@ZIF-67. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4757-4765. [PMID: 35508645 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hemin@ZIF-67 composites were prepared and were used to construct a chemiluminescence (CL) aptasensor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection. Hemin is a catalytic porphyrin with two carboxylate groups that can covalently bond to metal ions. A hemin/ZIF-67 composite was prepared via covalent bonding between the carboxyl groups of hemin and the cobalt ion of ZIF-67, and these materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hemin@ZIF-67 was used as the peroxidase material, and the aptamer of alpha-fetoprotein was modified on its surface by electrostatic adsorption. Then a simple CL aptasensor was constructed based on the CL system of luminol-H2O2-NaOH. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity value was linearly proportional to the concentration of AFP in the range of 4 × 10-10 to 200 × 10-10 mg/mL. The detection limit was 1.3 × 10-10 mg/mL. Thus the aptasensor enables highly sensitive and selective detection of AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Yang J, Cheng Y, Gong X, Yi S, Li CW, Jiang L, Yi C. An integrative review on the applications of 3D printing in the field of in vitro diagnostics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Zhang N, Dai D, Hu P, Guo S, Yang H. Dual-Modal Photoelectrochemical and Visualized Detection of Copper Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5415-5420. [PMID: 35187356 PMCID: PMC8851628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the extensively utilized heavy metals in modern industry and can be easily released into the environment due to high solubility of copper ions (Cu2+). Its percolation in water and accumulation along the food chain pose a serious threat to human health. Hence, it is of great significance to explore a novel, facile, and sensitive detection method for Cu2+. Based on the intriguing photo-to-electricity conversion process of CdS QDs, as well as desirable electrochromic property of WO3 NFs, a dual-modal photoelectrochemical (PEC) and visualized detection platform for Cu2+ is fabricated. The electrochromic WO3 NFs act as a display for the Cu2+ concentration, of which the color change could be observed directly by the naked eye, while the PEC signal provides accurate data for further analysis. In this work, a sensitive detection of Cu2+ in the range of 1 × 10-5 to 5 × 10-4 M is achieved, with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10-6 M. The dual-modal analysis gives more choices for signal readouts with enhanced quantification reliability, which is adaptive for diverse application scenarios, especially for on-site investigation. This protocol offers a prototype for quick and reliable detection of the Cu2+ concentrations, and is promising for other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention
and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danqin Dai
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiwen Hu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuangming Guo
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention
and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- . Phone: +86-25-84395204
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Yu Z, Gong H, Xu J, Li Y, Zeng Y, Liu X, Tang D. Exploiting Photoelectric Activities and Piezoelectric Properties of NaNbO 3 Semiconductors for Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3418-3426. [PMID: 35148076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology has made major breakthroughs in community medicine and physician office situations, in tandem with the more ubiquitous and intensive usage of highly integrated quick detection equipment for illness diagnosis, personal care, and mobile healthcare. Although the photoelectrochemical (PEC)-based POCT platform offers the benefits of cheap cost and good user engagement, its commercialization is still limited by the photodetection components' downsizing and mobility, among other factors. In this work, a novel highly integrated PEC biosensor aided by piezophototronics to enhance the efficiency of PEC testing was reported for flexible detection of cancer-associated antigens in biological fluids (prostate-specific antigen, PSA, used as an example). Multiple signal enhancement strategies, including a magnetic bead-linked enzyme-linked immune system catalyzing the production of ascorbic acid from the substrate and a piezoelectric-assisted enhancement strategy, were used for sensitive detection of the analyte to be tested in human body fluids. Unlike the electron transfer mechanism in heterojunctions, piezoelectric semiconductors promote the transfer of electrons and holes by generating piezoelectric potentials in the ultrasonic field, thus contributing to the performance of the PEC testbed. Under optimized conditions, the test platform achieves good correspondence for PSA at 0.02-40 ng mL-1. Impressively, the test devices are comparable to or even superior to gold standard ELISA kits in terms of cost approval and batch testing. This research demonstrates the potential of piezoelectric semiconductors for POC applications in revolutionary PECs and offers innovative thoughts for the development of new PEC bioanalytical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Recent advances in 3D printing technologies and materials have enabled rapid development of innovative sensors for applications in different aspects of human life. Various 3D printing technologies have been adopted to fabricate biosensors or some of their components thanks to the advantages of these methodologies over the traditional ones, such as end-user customization and rapid prototyping. In this review, the works published in the last two years on 3D-printed biosensors are considered and grouped on the basis of the 3D printing technologies applied in different fields of application, highlighting the main analytical parameters. In the first part, 3D methods are discussed, after which the principal achievements and promising aspects obtained with the 3D-printed sensors are reported. An overview of the recent developments on this current topic is provided, as established by the considered works in this multidisciplinary field. Finally, future challenges on the improvement and innovation of the 3D printing technologies utilized for biosensors production are discussed.
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Xia Y, Chen T, Chen W, Chen G, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Sun W, Lan J, Lin X, Chen J. A dual-modal aptasensor based on a multifunctional acridone derivate for exosomes detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339279. [PMID: 35033266 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising biomarkers for cancer screening, but the development of a robust approach that can sensitively and accurately detect exosomes remains challenging. In the present study, an aptasensor based on the multifunctional signal probe 10-benzyl-2-amino-acridone (BAA) was developed for the colorimetric and photoelectrochemical detection and quantitation of exosomes. Exosomes are captured by cholesterol DNA anchor-modified magnetic beads (MBs) through hydrophobic interactions. This capture process can be monitored under a confocal fluorescence microscope using BAA as the fluorescent signal probe. The aptamer modified copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) then bind to mucin 1 (MUC1) on the surface of the exosomes to form a sandwich structure (MBs-Exo-CuO NPs). Finally, the MBs-Exo-CuO NPs are dissolved in nitric acid to generate Cu2+, which inhibits the visible-light-induced oxidase mimic activity and photoelectrochemical activity of BAA simultaneously. The changes in absorbance and photocurrent intensities are directly proportional to the concentration of exosomes. In this dual-modal aptasensor, the colorimetric assay can achieve rapid screening and identification, which is especially useful for point-of-care testing. The UV-vis absorbance and photocurrent assays then provide quantitative information, with a limit of detection of 1.09 × 103 particles μL-1 and 1.38 × 103 particles μL-1, respectively. The proposed aptasensor thus performs dual-modal detection and quantitation of exosomes. This aptasensor provides a much-needed toolset for exploring the biological roles of exosomes in specific diseases, particularly in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Lilan Xu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Weiming Sun
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Jianming Lan
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, PR China.
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Lin J, Liu G, Qiu Z, Huang L, Weng S. Etching reaction of carbon quantum dot-functionalized MnO 2 nanosheets with an enzymatic product for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An etching reaction-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was developed to monitor alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by coupling with the enzymatic product toward the dissolution of MnO2 nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Guozhong Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Shangeng Weng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
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Multistory Stairs-based, Fast and Point-of-care Testing for Disease Biomarker Using One-step Capillary Microfluidic Fluoroimmunoassay Chip via Continuous On-chip Labelling. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Gao N, Chang J, Dai P, Zhu Z, You H. One-sampling and Rapid Analysis of Cancer Biomarker on A Power-free and Low-cost Microfluidic Chip. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1695-1700. [PMID: 34024865 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an important disease biomarker, relating to cancers such as hepatocarcinomas and gastric cancer. However, traditional methods are time-consuming, relied on bulky instruments and trained professionals, cannot satisfy the demand for low cost and point-of-care testing (POCT). In this study, a power-free POCT device was developed for the rapid and low-cost detection of AFP via one-sampling. Based on the principle of sandwich immunofluorescence, the chip is capable of automatically accomplishing on-chip mixing, labeling and capturing procedures, which only require that operator add 40 μL sample into the chip one time. The proposed device is capable of sensitively detecting human AFP in FBS with a dynamic range of 10 - 1000 ng/mL and LOD (1.88 ng/mL) within a short time of 3 min. Predictably, our method holds a great potential to be applied in the POC diagnostics of proteins, especially for some regions that are resource-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China.,Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jianguo Chang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Peng Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University
| | - Ziming Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University
| | - Hui You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University
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30
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM, Miró M. The emerging role of 3D printing in the fabrication of detection systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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