1
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Wang F, Qi Y, Ji L, Qiao F, Chen Y, Xiong X, Liu Y. Visual detection of ochratoxin a based on GPE-PET bipolar electrode-electrochemiluminescence platform. Food Chem 2024; 461:140842. [PMID: 39173256 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A GPE-PET (graphene-polyethylene terephthalate) bipolar electrode-electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) platform was developed for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. PET served as the electrode sheet substrate, and GPE was drop-coated onto the surface of PET to form a conductive line. On the functional sensing interface, the thiol (-SH) modified OTA aptamer (OTA-Aptamer) are fixed on the surface of the gold-plated cathode through AuS bonds. The efficient electron transfer ability of methylene blue (MB) made the anode ECL signal strong. Due to competition between OTA and MB with OTA-Aptamer, leading to a decrease in ECL intensity of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPA system on the BPE anode. Under optimized conditions, the GPE-PET BPE-ECL biosensor displayed superior sensitivity for OTA with a detection limit of 2 ng mL-1 and a wide linear concentration range of 5-100 ng mL-1. This method could be further applied to detect various toxins and had broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wang
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Fanglin Qiao
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yuanjian Liu
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
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2
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Fu W, Qi M, Rong Y, Lin C, Guo W, Su B. Remote On-Paper Electrochemiluminescence-Based High-Safety and Multilevel Information Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202420184. [PMID: 39659206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202420184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
The escalating needs in information protection underscore the urgency of developing advanced encryption strategies. Herein we report a novel chemical approach that enables information encryption by on-paper electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Dendritic porous silica nanospheres modified with polyetherimide and bovine serum albumin were prepared as the chemical ink to write the secret message on a paper. Attaching the paper to an electrode, immersing it in a solution containing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy)3 2+) and then applying a suitable voltage, a remote "catalytic route" electrochemical reaction produces ECL that functions as the key to decrypt and visualize the message by imaging. In addition, proteins can be also used as the biological ink to write the secret message, which is then decrypted by a combined use of immunochemistry and ECL imaging as two keys. We believe the ECL-based strategy holds great promise in high-safety and multilevel information encryption, as it is protected not only by encoding, like conventional invisible inks, but also by the unique ECL decoding approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Fu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Qi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yidan Rong
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chukai Lin
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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3
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Ben Trad F, Carré B, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Electrochemiluminescent imaging of a NADH-based enzymatic reaction confined within giant liposomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:7385-7394. [PMID: 38227016 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, transient releases either from NADH-loaded liposomes or enzymatic reactions confined in giant liposomes were imaged by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). NADH was first encapsulated with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophore inside giant liposomes (around 100 µm in diameter) made of DOPC/DOPG phospholipids (i.e., 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt) on their inner- and outer-leaflet, respectively. Then, membrane permeabilization triggered upon contact between the liposome and a polarized ITO electrode surface and ECL was locally generated. Combination of amperometry, photoluminescence, and ECL provided a comprehensive monitoring of a single liposome opening and content release. In a second part, the work is focused on the ECL characterization of NADH produced by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the confined environment delimited by the liposome membrane. This was achieved by encapsulating both the ECL and catalytic reagents (i.e., the GDH, glucose, NAD+, and [Ru(bpy)3]2+) in the liposome. In accordance with the results obtained, NADH can be used as a biologically compatible ECL co-reactant to image membrane permeabilization events of giant liposomes. Under these conditions, the ECL signal duration was rather long (around 10 s). Since many enzymatic reactions involve the NADH/NAD+ redox couple, this work opens up interesting prospects for the characterization of enzymatic reactions taking place notably in artificial cells and in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bixente Carré
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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4
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Han D, Vidic J, Jiang D, Loget G, Sojic N. Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2024; 96:18262-18268. [PMID: 39484746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Optimization of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays is highly beneficial for enhancing clinical diagnostics. A major challenge is the improvement of the operation conditions required for the bead-based immunoassays using the typical [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system. In this study, we report a heterogeneous immunoassay based on near-infrared photoinduced ECL, which facilitates the imaging and quantitative analysis of [Ru(bpy)3]2+-modified immunobeads at low anodic potential. The photovoltage generated by the photoanode under near-infrared light promotes oxidation processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus considerably lowering the onset potential for both TPrA oxidation and ECL emission. The anti-Stokes shift between the excitation light (invisible to the human eyes) and the visible emitted light results in a clear and stable signal from the immunobeads. In addition, it offers the possibility of site-selective photoexcitation of the ECL process. This approach not only meets the performance of traditional ECL immunoassays in accuracy but also offers the additional benefits of lower potential requirements and enhanced stability, providing a new perspective for the optimization of commercial immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, ENSMAC, Pessac 33607, France
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, UMR 1319, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, ENSMAC, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, ENSMAC, Pessac 33607, France
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5
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Knežević S, Han D, Liu B, Jiang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407588. [PMID: 38742673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is rapidly evolving from an analytical method into an optical microscopy. The orthogonality of the electrochemical trigger and the optical readout distinguishes it from classic microscopy and electrochemical techniques, owing to its near-zero background, remarkable sensitivity, and absence of photobleaching and phototoxicity. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in ECL imaging technology, emphasizing original configurations which enable the imaging of biological entities and the improvement of the analytical properties by increasing the complexity and multiplexing of bioassays. Additionally, mapping the (electro)chemical reactivity in space provides valuable information on nanomaterials and facilitates deciphering ECL mechanisms for improving their performances in diagnostics and (electro)catalysis. Finally, we highlight the recent achievements in imaging at the ultimate limits of single molecules, single photons or single chemical reactions, and the current challenges to translate the ECL imaging advances to other fields such as material science, catalysis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dongni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
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6
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Ben Trad F, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Shadow electrochemiluminescence imaging of giant liposomes opening at polarized electrodes. Analyst 2024; 149:3317-3324. [PMID: 38742381 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the release of giant liposome (∼100 μm in diameter) content was imaged by shadow electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy. Giant unilamellar liposomes were pre-loaded with a sucrose solution and allowed to sediment at an ITO electrode surface immersed in a solution containing a luminophore ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) and a sacrificial co-reactant (tri-n-propylamine). Upon polarization, the electrode exhibited illumination over its entire surface thanks to the oxidation of ECL reagents. However, as soon as liposomes reached the electrode surface, dark spots appeared and then spread over time on the surface. This observation reflected a blockage of the electrode surface at the contact point between the liposome and the electrode surface, followed by the dilution of ECL reagents after the rupture of the liposome membrane and release of its internal ECL-inactive solution. Interestingly, ECL reappeared in areas where it initially faded, indicating back-diffusion of ECL reagents towards the previously diluted area and thus confirming liposome permeabilization. The whole process was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively within the defined region of interest. Two mass transport regimes were identified: a gravity-driven spreading process when the liposome releases its content leading to ECL vanishing and a diffusive regime when ECL recovers. The reported shadow ECL microscopy should find promising applications for the imaging of transient events such as molecular species released by artificial or biological vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, 33400 Talence, France.
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Saqib M, Zafar M, Halawa MI, Murtaza S, Kamal GM, Xu G. Nanoscale Luminescence Imaging/Detection of Single Particles: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:3-24. [PMID: 38404493 PMCID: PMC10885340 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle-level measurements, during the reaction, avoid averaging effects that are inherent limitations of conventional ensemble strategies. It allows revealing structure-activity relationships beyond averaged properties by considering crucial particle-selective descriptors including structure/morphology dynamics, intrinsic heterogeneity, and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity (kinetics, mechanisms). In recent years, numerous luminescence (optical) techniques such as chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence (FL) microscopies have been emerging as dominant tools to achieve such measurements, owing to their diversified spectroscopy principles, noninvasive nature, higher sensitivity, and sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Correspondingly, state-of-the-art methodologies and tools are being used for probing (real-time, operando, in situ) diverse applications of single particles in sensing, medicine, and catalysis. Herein, we provide a concise and comprehensive perspective on luminescence-based detection and imaging of single particles by putting special emphasis on their basic principles, mechanistic pathways, advances, challenges, and key applications. This Perspective focuses on the development of emission intensities and imaging based individual particle detection. Moreover, several key examples in the areas of sensing, motion, catalysis, energy, materials, and emerging trends in related areas are documented. We finally conclude with the opportunities and remaining challenges to stimulate further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Zafar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Guobao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 5625 Renmin
Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School
of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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8
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Fracassa A, Santo CI, Kerr E, Knežević S, Hayne DJ, Francis PS, Kanoufi F, Sojic N, Paolucci F, Valenti G. Redox-mediated electrochemiluminescence enhancement for bead-based immunoassay. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1150-1158. [PMID: 38239687 PMCID: PMC10793598 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a highly sensitive mode of detection utilised in commercialised bead-based immunoassays. Recently, the introduction of a freely diffusing water-soluble Ir(iii) complex was demonstrated to enhance the ECL emission of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ labels anchored to microbeads, but a comprehensive investigation of the proposed 'redox-mediated' mechanism was not carried out. In this work, we select three different water-soluble Ir(iii) complexes by virtue of their photophysical and electrochemical properties in comparison with those of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophore and the TPrA co-reactant. A systematic investigation of the influence of each Ir(iii) complex on the emission of the Ru(ii) labels on single beads by ECL microscopy revealed that the heterogeneous ECL can be finely tuned and either enhanced up to 107% or lowered by 75%. The variation of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ECL emission was correlated to the properties of each Ir(iii)-based mediator, which enabled us to decipher the mechanism of interaction and define guidelines for the future design of novel Ir(iii) complexes to further enhance the ECL emission of bead-based immunoassays. Ultimately, we showcase the potential of this technology for practical sample analysis in commercial instruments by assessing the enhancement of the collective ECL intensity from a bead-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fracassa
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna via Selmi 2 Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Claudio Ignazio Santo
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna via Selmi 2 Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Sara Knežević
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - David J Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna via Selmi 2 Bologna 40126 Italy
- ICMATE-CNR Corso Stati Uniti 4 35127 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna via Selmi 2 Bologna 40126 Italy
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9
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Han D, Jiang D, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Kanoufi F, Chaumet PC, Fang D, Sojic N. Optics Determines the Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Bead-Based Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4782-4791. [PMID: 37978286 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an optical readout technique that is successfully applied for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids using microbead-based immunoassays. This technology is of utmost importance for in vitro diagnostics and thus a very active research area but is mainly focused on the quest for new dyes and coreactants, whereas the investigation of the ECL optics is extremely scarce. Herein, we report the 3D imaging of the ECL signals recorded at single microbeads decorated with the ECL labels in the sandwich immunoassay format. We show that the optical effects due to the light propagation through the bead determine mainly the spatial distribution of the recorded ECL signals. Indeed, the optical simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation compute rigorously the electromagnetic scattering of the ECL emission by the microbead and allow for reconstructing the spatial map of ECL emission. Thus, it provides a global description of the ECL chemical reactivity and the associated optics. The outcomes of this 3D imaging approach complemented by the optical modeling provide insight into the ECL optics and the unique ECL chemical mechanism operating on bead-based immunoassays. Therefore, it opens new directions for mechanistic investigations, ultrasensitive ECL bioassays, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP,Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Patrick C Chaumet
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP,Univ. Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
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10
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Sentic M, Trajkovic I, Manojlovic D, Stankovic D, Nikolic MV, Sojic N, Vidic J. Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Water Pollutants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7502. [PMID: 38068246 PMCID: PMC10707531 DOI: 10.3390/ma16237502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has increased our utilization of pollutants such as heavy metals, aromatic compounds, and contaminants that are of rising concern, involving pharmaceutical and personal products and other materials that may have an important environmental impact. In particular, the ultimate results of the intense use of highly stable materials, such as heavy metals and chemical restudies, are that they turn into waste materials, which, when discharged, accumulate in environmental water bodies. In this context, the present review presents the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensing for water pollutant detection. MOF composites applied as innovative luminophore or luminophore carriers, materials for electrode modification, and the enhancement of co-reaction in ECL sensors have enabled the sensitive monitoring of some of the most common contaminants of emerging concern such as heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and cyanotoxins. Moreover, we provide future trends and prospects associated with ECL MOF composites for environmental sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Sentic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Ivana Trajkovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dalibor Stankovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria Vesna Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, UMR 1319, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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11
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Han D, Fang D, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Kanoufi F, Jiang D, Sojic N. Dynamic Mapping of Electrochemiluminescence Reactivity in Space: Application to Bead-Based Assays. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15700-15706. [PMID: 37815364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
As an electrochemical technique offering an optical readout, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) evolved recently into a powerful microscopy technique with the visualization of a wide range of microscopic entities. However, the dynamic imaging of transient ECL events did not receive intensive attention due to the limited number of electrogenerated photons. Here, the reaction kinetics of the model ECL bioassay system was revealed by dynamic imaging of single [Ru(bpy)3]2+-functionalized beads in the presence of the efficient tripropylamine coreactant. The time profile behavior of ECL emission, the variations of the ECL layer thickness, and the position of maximum ECL intensity over time were investigated, which were not achieved by static imaging in previous studies. Moreover, the dynamics of the ECL emission were confronted with the simulation. The reported dynamic ECL imaging allows the investigation of the ECL kinetics and mechanisms operating in bioassays and cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | | | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
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12
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Kerr E, Knezevic S, Francis PS, Hogan CF, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Kanoufi F, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Amplification in Bead-Based Assays Induced by a Freely Diffusing Iridium(III) Complex. ACS Sens 2023; 8:933-939. [PMID: 36701204 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays employing tri-n-propylamine as a co-reactant and a tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) derivative as an emissive label are integral to the majority of academic and commercial applications of ECL sensing. This model system is an active research area and constitutes the basis of successfully commercialized bead-based ECL immunoassays. Herein, we propose a novel approach to the enhancement of such conventional ECL assays via the incorporation of a second metal coordination complex, [Ir(sppy)3]3- (where sppy = 5'-sulfo-2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N), to the experimental system. By employing ECL microscopy, we are able to map the spatial distribution of ECL emission at the surface of the bead, from [Ru(bpy)3]2+ labels, and solution-phase emission, from [Ir(sppy)3]3-. The developed [Ir(sppy)3]3--mediated enhancement approach elicited a significant improvement (70.9-fold at 0.9 V and 2.9-fold at 1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) of the ECL signal from [Ru(bpy)3]2+ labels immobilized on the surface of a polystyrene bead. This dramatic enhancement in ECL signal, particularly at low oxidation potentials, has important implications for the improvement of existing heterogeneous ECL assays and ECL-based microscopy, by amplifying the signal, opening new bioanalytical detection schemes, and reducing both electrode surface passivation and deleterious side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Sara Knezevic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Scie nces Moléculaires, UMR 5255, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Centre, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Scie nces Moléculaires, UMR 5255, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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13
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Huang X, Li B, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Sojic N, Jiang D, Liu B. Direct Visualization of Nanoconfinement Effect on Nanoreactor via Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215078. [PMID: 36478505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement in mesoporous nanoarchitectures could dramatically change molecular transport and reaction kinetics during electrochemical process. A molecular-level understanding of nanoconfinement and mass transport is critical for the applications, but a proper route to study it is lacking. Herein, we develop a single nanoreactor electrochemiluminescence (SNECL) microscopy based on Ru(bpy)3 2+ -loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle to directly visualize in situ nanoconfinement-enhanced electrochemical reactions at the single molecule level. Meanwhile, mass transport capability of single nanoreactor, reflected as long decay time and recovery ability, is monitored and simulated with a high spatial resolution. The nanoconfinement effects in our system also enable imaging single proteins on cellular membrane. Our SNECL approach may pave the way to decipher the nanoconfinement effects during electrochemical process, and build bridges between mesoporous nanoarchitectures and potential electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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14
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Huang CY, Lin FY, Chang CJ, Lu CH, Chen JK. Performance Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence with the Immunosensor Controlled Using Magnetized Masks for the Determination of Epithelial Cancer Biomarker EpCAM. Anal Chem 2023; 95:986-993. [PMID: 36580404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The performance of an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was improved with a particle gradient. SiO2-coated magnetic beads were adopted as nanocarriers for gradient manipulation and immobilized with the primary antibody. Cadmium telluride quantum dots were coated with a layer of protein G for conjugation and orientation of the secondary antibody as signal labels. ECL immunosensor gradients on the electrode were formed by magnetolithography (ML) with magnetized nickel masks of column and stripe arrays. The immunosensor generally aggregated as an island on the substrate, leading to a decrease of efficiency in the characteristic signals. Stripe arrays of magnetized nickel were designed to generate cylindrical magnetic flux on the substrate to improve the particle manipulation with the gradient. Various gradients of the sandwich-structured immunosensor substantially affected the electrochemical performance. Compared to the gradient-free immunosensor, the gradient of the immunosensor generated by ML using a 3 μm stripe array mask enhanced the ECL intensity ∼2.2 times. The results of quantification of epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) with the gradient immunosensor showed a broad linear range (15-420 pg mL-1), a low limit of detection (5.5 pg mL-1), and high reliability for EpCAM-spiked serum samples, indicating that the immunosensor gradient substantially enhances the performance of the ECL assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Huang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Road, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, and Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 940227, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Strategies of tailored nanomaterials for electrochemiluminescence signal enhancements. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Han D, Goudeau B, Lapeyre V, Ravaine V, Jiang D, Fang D, Sojic N. Enhanced electrochemiluminescence at microgel-functionalized beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114640. [PMID: 36030741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bead-based assays are successfully combined with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology for detection of a wide range of biomarkers. Herein, we demonstrate a novel approach to enhance the ECL signal by decorating micrometric beads with [Ru(bpy)3]2+-grafted microgels (diameter ∼100 nm). Rapid and stable light emission was spatially resolved at the level of single functionalized beads. An enhancement of the ECL signal of microgel-labeled beads by 9-fold was observed in comparison to molecularly linked [Ru(bpy)3]2+ beads prepared by a sandwich immunoassay or an amide bond. Imaging the ECL signal at the single bead level shows that the size of the ECL-emitting layer is extended using the microgels. The reported method offers a great promise for the optimization of bead-based ECL detection and subsequent development of ECL microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211126, China
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Lapeyre
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Ravaine
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211126, China.
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France.
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17
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Kim KM, Kim J, Kim J, Hong JI. Efficient blue organic electrochemiluminescence luminophore based on a pyrenyl-phenanthroimidazole conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7542-7545. [PMID: 35703380 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A pyrenyl-phenanthroimidazole (Py-PI) conjugate emitted strong blue electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission via the reductive-oxidation co-reactant pathway, with an ECL efficiency 3.3 times higher than that of the 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Myeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of National Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of National Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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18
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Du F, Dong Z, Guan Y, Zeid AM, Ma D, Feng J, Yang D, Xu G. Single-Electrode Electrochemical System for the Visual and High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2189-2194. [PMID: 35044176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay with its visual and high-throughput detection has received considerable attention in the past decade. However, the development of a facile and cost-effective ECL device is still a great challenge. Herein, a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) for the visual and high-throughput ECL immunoassay was developed. The SEES was designed by attaching a plastic sticker with multiple holes onto a single carbon ink screen-printed electrode based on a resistance-induced potential difference. Due to its excellent properties of adsorption and bioaffinity, the carbon ink screen-printed electrode is applied to immobilize antibodies. When cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a specific biomarker of acute myocardial infarction, is present, it will be captured by the immobilized cTnI antibodies on the electrode surface, inhibiting electron transfer, resulting in a decrease of the ECL intensity of the luminol-H2O2 system. Using a smartphone as the detector, cTnI could be determined, ranging from 1 to 1000 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.94 ng mL-1. The SEES based on the carbon ink screen-printed electrode is characterized by its high simplicity, cost effectiveness, and user-friendliness compared with conventional three-electrode systems and bipolar electrochemical systems using electrode arrays and shows superior advantages over other immunoassay strategies, with the elimination of multistep assembling and labeling processes. What is more, the fabricated SEES holds great potential in the point-of-care testing due to its tiny size and the combination of a smartphone detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yiran Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Abdallah M Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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19
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Rebeccani S, Zanut A, Santo CI, Valenti G, Paolucci F. A Guide Inside Electrochemiluminescent Microscopy Mechanisms for Analytical Performance Improvement. Anal Chem 2021; 94:336-348. [PMID: 34908412 PMCID: PMC8756390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zanut
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Claudio Ignazio Santo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
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20
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Rebeccani S, Wetzl C, Zamolo VA, Criado A, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Prato M. Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay enhancement driven by carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9672-9675. [PMID: 34555139 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a leading analytical technique for clinical monitoring and early disease diagnosis. Carbon nanotubes are used as efficient nanomaterials for ECL signal enhancement providing new insights into the mechanism for the ECL generation but also affording application in bead-based immunoassay and ECL microscopy-based bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Valeria Anna Zamolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Rúa As Carballeiras, A Coruña, 15071, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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21
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Liu G, Wang PL, Gao H. Visualization analysis of lecithin in drugs based on electrochemiluminescent single gold microbeads. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:515-522. [PMID: 34513128 PMCID: PMC8424370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and high-throughput determination of drugs is a key trend in clinical medicine. Single particles have increasingly been adopted in a variety of photoanalytical and electroanalytical applications, and microscopic analysis has been a hot topic in recent years, especially for electrochemiluminescence (ECL). This paper describes a simple ECL method based on single gold microbeads to image lecithin. Lecithin reacts to produce hydrogen peroxide under the successive enzymatic reaction of phospholipase D and choline oxidase. ECL was generated by the electrochemical reaction between a luminol analog and hydrogen peroxide, and ECL signals were imaged by a camera. Despite the heterogeneity of single gold microbeads, their luminescence obeyed statistical regularity. The average luminescence of 30 gold microbeads is correlated with the lecithin concentration, and thus, a visualization method for analyzing lecithin was established. Calibration curves were constructed for ECL intensity and lecithin concentration, achieving detection limits of 0.05 mM lecithin. This ECL imaging platform based on single gold microbeads exhibits outstanding advantages, such as high throughput, versatility and low cost, and holds great potential in disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring and food safety. The ECL imaging strategy reflected the advantage of spatial resolution and high-throughput analysis of lecithin in drugs. Micrometer-scale gold microbeads were easily synthesized by adding H2SO4 in Na3Au(SO3)2 solution. The ECL spots exhibited the heterogeneity of single gold microbeads in ECL reaction. ECL microscopic quantitative analysis for lecithin was established via single gold microbeads with PLD and COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China
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22
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Ma Y, Colin C, Descamps J, Arbault S, Sojic N. Shadow Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Single Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18742-18749. [PMID: 34115447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the subcellular bioenergetic organelles. The analysis of their morphology and topology is essential to provide useful information on their activity and metabolism. Herein, we report a label-free shadow electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy based on the spatial confinement of the ECL-emitting reactive layer to image single living mitochondria deposited on the electrode surface. The ECL mechanism of the freely-diffusing [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ dye with the sacrificial tri-n-propylamine coreactant restrains the light-emitting region to a micrometric thickness allowing to visualize individual mitochondria with a remarkable sharp negative optical contrast. The imaging approach named "shadow ECL" (SECL) reflects the negative imprint of the local diffusional hindrance of the ECL reagents by each mitochondrion. The statistical analysis of the colocalization of the shadow ECL spots with the functional mitochondria revealed by classical fluorescent biomarkers, MitoTracker Deep Red and the endogenous intramitochondrial NADH, validates the reported methodology. The versatility and extreme sensitivity of the approach are further demonstrated by visualizing single mitochondria, which remain hardly detectable with the usual biomarkers. Finally, by alleviating problems of photobleaching and phototoxicity associated with conventional microscopy methods, SECL microscopy should find promising applications in the imaging of subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ma
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Camille Colin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France.,Present address: Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
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23
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Ma Y, Colin C, Descamps J, Arbault S, Sojic N. Shadow Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Single Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ma
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Camille Colin
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- Present address: Univ. Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP CBMN UMR 5248 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
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24
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Ismail A, Voci S, Descamps L, Buhot A, Sojic N, Leroy L, Bouchet-Spinelli A. Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: A Way to Investigate the Passivation of Silicon Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1094-1100. [PMID: 33826213 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work depicts the original combination of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) to map in real-time the oxidation of silicon in microchannels. We fabricated model silicon-PDMS microfluidic chips, optionally containing a restriction, and monitored the evolution of the surface reactivity using ECL. BPE was used to remotely promote ECL at the silicon surface inside microfluidic channels. The effects of the fluidic design, the applied potential and the resistance of the channel (controlled by the fluidic configuration) on the silicon polarization and oxide formation were investigated. A potential difference down to 6 V was sufficient to induce ECL, which is two orders of magnitude less than in classical BPE configurations. Increasing the resistance of the channel led to an increase in the current passing through the silicon and boosted the intensity of ECL signals. Finally, the possibility of achieving electrochemical reactions at predetermined locations on the microfluidic chip was investigated using a patterning of the silicon oxide surface by etched micrometric squares. This ECL imaging approach opens exciting perspectives for the precise understanding and implementation of electrochemical functionalization on passivating materials. In addition, it may help the development and the design of fully integrated microfluidic biochips paving the way for development of original bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Voci
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Lucie Descamps
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Loïc Leroy
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bouchet-Spinelli
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
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25
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Han D, Goudeau B, Manojlovic D, Jiang D, Fang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Loss in Photobleaching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211126 China
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Department of Chemistry South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russian Federation
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211126 China
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- Department of Chemistry South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russian Federation
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26
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Han D, Goudeau B, Manojlovic D, Jiang D, Fang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Loss in Photobleaching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7686-7690. [PMID: 33410245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of photobleaching on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was investigated for the first time. The plasma membrane of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was labeled with a [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ derivative. Selected regions of the fixed cells were photobleached using the confocal mode with sequential stepwise illumination or cumulatively and they were imaged by both ECL and photoluminescence (PL). ECL was generated with a model sacrificial coreactant, tri-n-propylamine. ECL microscopy of the photobleached regions shows lower ECL emission. We demonstrate a linear correlation between the ECL decrease and the PL loss due to the photobleaching of the labels immobilized on the CHO membranes. The presented strategy provides valuable information on the fundamentals of the ECL excited state and opens new opportunities for exploring cellular membranes by combining ECL microscopy with photobleaching techniques such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) or fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France.,School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211126, China
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211126, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France.,Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
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27
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Ding J, Zhou P, Guo W, Su B. Confined Electrochemiluminescence Generation at Ultra-High-Density Gold Microwell Electrodes. Front Chem 2021; 8:630246. [PMID: 33575249 PMCID: PMC7870482 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.630246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging analysis based on the ultra-high-density microwell electrode array (UMEA) has been successfully used in biosensing and diagnostics, while the studies of ECL generation mechanisms with spatial resolution remain scarce. Herein we fabricate a gold-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) UMEA using electroless deposition method for the visualization of ECL reaction process at the single microwell level in conjunction with using microscopic ECL imaging technique, demonstrating that the microwell gold walls are indeed capable of enhancing the ECL generation. For the classical ECL system involving tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+) and tri-n-propylamine (TPrA), the ECL image of a single microwell appears as a surface-confined ring, indicating the ECL intensity generated inside the well is much stronger than that on the top surface of UMEA. Moreover, at a low concentration of Ru(bpy)32+, the ECL image remains to be ring-shaped with the increase of exposure time, because of the limited lifetime of TPrA radical cations TPrA+•. In combination with the theoretical simulation, the ring-shaped ECL image is resolved to originate from the superposition effect of the mass diffusion fields at both microwell wall and bottom surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Han D, Goudeau B, Jiang D, Fang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Cells: Essential Role of Surface Regeneration. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1652-1657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Han
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211126, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
- Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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29
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Yang X, Wei Y, Du Y, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Immunoassays on Nanoelectrode Ensembles Platform with Magnetic Microbeads for the Determination of Carbohydrate Antigen. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15837-15844. [PMID: 33269595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a gold nanoelectrode ensembles (Au-NEE) platform taken as a disposable electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) platform with immunomagnetic microbeads for ECL immunoassays for the first time. The peak-shaped voltammograms were obtained at the Au-NEE, attributed to the total diffusional overlap. The ECL intensity at Au-NEE was 12.9 folds in the Ru(bpy)32+-tri-n-propylamine (TPA) ECL system and 19.6 folds in the luminol-H2O2 system, compared with that at the Au macroelectrode using the normalized active area of the electrodes, mainly attributed to the diffusion overlap of the Au-NEE and the edge effect of the individual gold nanodisks of the Au-NEE. The ECL immunoassay on the Au-NEE platform with magnetic microbeads for the determination of cancer biomarkers was developed. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was chosen as a model analyte while CA 19-9 antibody on the magnetic microbeads was taken as the capture probe, and ruthenium complex-labeled CA 19-9 antibody was used as the signal probe. A "sandwich" bioconjugates on the magnetic beads were transferred onto the ECL platform, and then the ECL measurements were performed in TPA solution. The developed method showed that the ECL peak intensity was directly in proportion to the concentration of CA 19-9 in the range from 0.5 to 20 U/mL with a limit of detection of 0.4 U/mL. This work demonstrates that the Au-NEE can be employed as a useful disposable ECL platform with the merits of cheapness, low nonspecific adsorption and practical application. The proposed approach will open a new avenue in the point-of-care test for the determination of protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yujin Du
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
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30
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Guo W, Zhou P, Sun L, Ding H, Su B. Microtube Electrodes for Imaging the Electrochemiluminescence Layer and Deciphering the Reaction Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2089-2093. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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31
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Guo W, Zhou P, Sun L, Ding H, Su B. Microtube Electrodes for Imaging the Electrochemiluminescence Layer and Deciphering the Reaction Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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32
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Fiorani A, Han D, Jiang D, Fang D, Paolucci F, Sojic N, Valenti G. Spatially resolved electrochemiluminescence through a chemical lens. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10496-10500. [PMID: 34123186 PMCID: PMC8162283 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy is an emerging technique with a wide range of imaging applications and unique properties in terms of high spatial resolution, surface confinement and favourable signal-to-noise ratio. Despite its successful analytical applications, tuning the depth of field (i.e., thickness of the ECL-emitting layer) is a crucial issue. Indeed, the control of the thickness of this ECL region, which can be considered as an "evanescent" reaction layer, limits the development of cell microscopy as well as bioassays. Here we report an original strategy based on chemical lens effects to tune the ECL-emitting layer in the model [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system. It consists of microbeads decorated with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ labels, classically used in bioassays, and TPrA as the sacrificial coreactant. In particular we exploit the buffer capacity of the solution to modify the rate of the reactions involved in the ECL generation. For the first time, a precise control of the ECL light distribution is demonstrated by mapping the luminescence reactivity at the level of single micrometric bead. The resulting ECL image is the luminescent signature of the concentration profiles of diffusing TPrA radicals, which define the ECL layer. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the ECL mechanism and open new avenues for ECL microscopy and bioassays. Indeed, the reported approach based on a chemical lens controls the spatial extension of the "evanescent" ECL-emitting layer and is conceptually similar to evanescent wave microscopy. Thus, it should allow the exploration and imaging of different heights in substrates or in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Dongni Han
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211126 China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Danjun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211126 China
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russian Federation
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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