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Yao R, Liu X, Yu H, Hou Z, Chang S, Yang L. Electronic skin based on natural biodegradable polymers for human motion monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134694. [PMID: 39142476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The wearability of the flexible electronic skin (e-skin) allows it to attach to the skin for human motion monitoring, which is essential for studying human motion and especially for assessing how well patients are recovering from rehabilitation therapy. However, the use of non-degradable synthetic materials in e-skin may raise skin safety concerns. Natural biodegradable polymers with advantages such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability, natural abundance, and low cost have the potential to be alternative materials for constructing flexible e-skin and applying them to human motion monitoring. This review summarizes the applications of natural biodegradable polymers in e-skin for human motion monitoring over the past three years, focusing on the discussion of cellulose, chitosan, silk fibroin, gelatin, and sodium alginate. Finally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges of e-skin based on natural biodegradable polymers. It is hoped that this review will provide insights for the future development of flexible e-skin in the field of human motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Yao
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China; School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Shijie Chang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China.
| | - Liqun Yang
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China.
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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Bioinspired nanoplatforms for human-machine interfaces: Recent progress in materials and device applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108297. [PMID: 38061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The panoramic characteristics of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have prompted the needs to update the biotechnology community with the recent trends, developments, and future research direction toward next-generation bioelectronics. Bioinspired materials are promising for integrating various bioelectronic devices to realize HMIs. With the advancement of scientific biotechnology, state-of-the-art bioelectronic applications have been extensively investigated to improve the quality of life by developing and integrating bioinspired nanoplatforms in HMIs. This review highlights recent trends and developments in the field of biotechnology based on bioinspired nanoplatforms by demonstrating recently explored materials and cutting-edge device applications. Section 1 introduces the recent trends and developments of bioinspired nanomaterials for HMIs. Section 2 reviews various flexible, wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoplatforms for bioinspired applications. Section 3 furnishes recently explored substrates as carriers for advanced nanomaterials in developing HMIs. Section 4 addresses recently invented biomimetic neuroelectronic, nanointerfaces, biointerfaces, and nano/microfluidic wearable bioelectronic devices for various HMI applications, such as healthcare, biopotential monitoring, and body fluid monitoring. Section 5 outlines designing and engineering of bioinspired sensors for HMIs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation bioinspired nanoplatforms in extending the potential on HMIs are discussed for a near-future scenario. We believe this review can stimulate the integration of bioinspired nanoplatforms into the HMIs in addition to wearable electronic skin and health-monitoring devices while addressing prevailing and future healthcare and material-related problems in biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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Ha JH, Jeong Y, Ahn J, Hwang S, Jeon S, Kim D, Ko J, Kang B, Jung Y, Choi J, Han H, Gu J, Cho S, Kim H, Bok M, Park SA, Jeong JH, Park I. A wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensor-based smart textile for health state diagnosis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4163-4171. [PMID: 37338170 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweat pH is an important indicator for diagnosing disease states, such as cystic fibrosis. However, conventional pH sensors are composed of large brittle mechanical parts and need additional instruments to read signals. These pH sensors have limitations for practical wearable applications. In this study, we propose wearable colorimetric sweat pH sensors based on curcumin and thermoplastic-polyurethane (C-TPU) electrospun-fibers to diagnose disease states by sweat pH monitoring. This sensor aids in pH monitoring by changing color in response to chemical structure variation from enol to di-keto form via H-atom separation. Its chemical structure variation changes the visible color due to light absorbance and reflectance changes. Furthermore, it can rapidly and sensitively detect sweat pH due to its superior permeability and wettability. By O2 plasma activation and thermal pressing, this colorimetric pH sensor can be easily attached to various fabric substrates such as swaddling and patient clothing via surface modification and mechanical interlocking of C-TPU. Furthermore, the diagnosable clothing is durable and reusable enough to neutral washing conditions due to the reversible pH colorimetric sensing performance by restoring the enol form of curcumin. This study contributes to the development of smart diagnostic clothing for cystic fibrosis patients who require continuous sweat pH monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hwan Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soonhyong Hwang
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dahong Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeongmin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jimin Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokjoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su A Park
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano-manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Deshmukh MA, Park SJ, Thorat HN, Bodkhe GA, Ramanavicius A, Ramanavicius S, Shirsat MD, Ha TJ. Advanced Energy Materials: Current Trends and Challenges in Electro- and Photo-Catalysts for H2O Splitting. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huang H, Feng Y, Yang X, Shen Y. Natural gum-based electronic ink with water-proofing self-healing and easy-cleaning properties for directly on-skin electronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114547. [PMID: 35820252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On-skin electronic systems, which can facilitate noninvasive continuous acquisition of low-artifact physiological signals, are a promising technique for future wearable devices in healthcare. Inspired by the nature of Arabic gum (AG), we developed a costless, easy-to-prepare, easy-to-use, and environment-friendly electronic ink (E-ink) that can be used to construct multiform on-skin electronic systems through simple painting or stamping. In addition to its competitive electrical properties, the E-ink has the following advantages: waterproof (0.5 m/s water flushing for 10 s), self-healing (1.5 mm wide wound), and easy-cleaning (can be easily removed using cotton ball with 5% surfactant), making it environmentally tolerant and highly reliable for practical use. We demonstrated that our E-ink can act as electric wires for epidermal circuits, sensors to handle a variety of physiological data measurements. This research provides an effective strategy for direct integration of electronics and skin, which can accelerate the realization of the next generation of imperceptible, scalable, cost-effective and customized wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Huang H, Zhang X, Dong Z, Zhao X, Guo B. Nanocomposite conductive tough hydrogel based on metal coordination reinforced covalent Pluronic F-127 micelle network for human motion sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:817-830. [PMID: 35772209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The design of conductive hydrogels integrating anti-fatigue, high sensitivity, strong mechanical property and good sterilization performance remains a challenge. We innovatively introduced metal coordination in covalently crosslinked Pluronic F-127 micelle network and synthesized nanocomposite conductive tough hydrogel through the combination of covalent crosslinking, metal coordination and silver nanowire reinforcement. Compared with pure diacylated PF127 hydrogel (PF127), the tensile strength of PF-AA-AM-Al3+/Ag0.25 hydrogel reaching 1.4 MPa was about 10 times than that of PF127. The toughness of PF-AA-AM-Al3+/Ag0.25 reaches 1.88 MJ/m3. Compared with PF-AA-AM-Al3+, the introduction of silver nanowires increased the fatigue life of PF-AA-AM-Al3+/Ag0.25 by 200% (31837 cycles), 170% (12804 cycles) and 1022% (511 cycles) under 100%, 120% and 150% ultimate tensile strains, respectively. Besides, the PF-AA-AM-Al3+/Ag0.25 showed strain sensitivity to small deformation (Gauge factor = 2.42) in wearable tests on hands and knees. In addition, the PF-AA-AM-Al3+/Ag0.25 had good cytocompatibility and antibacterial performance that bacteria killing ratio of 98% to S. aureus and 99% to E. coli. Finally, a viscoelastic numerical constitutive model was established based on finite element method to study the damage failure history of the material. Comparative analysis showed that local stress concentration was the main factor leading to the failure of hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Huang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Aviation Industries of China, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuanjia Zhang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Lin M, Zheng Z, Yang L, Luo M, Fu L, Lin B, Xu C. A High-Performance, Sensitive, Wearable Multifunctional Sensor Based on Rubber/CNT for Human Motion and Skin Temperature Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107309. [PMID: 34648668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible wearable electronic devices have attracted immense interest as an alternative for conventional rigid metallic conductors in personal healthcare monitoring, human motion detection, and sensory skins, owing to their intrinsic characteristics. However, the practical applications of most wearable sensors are generally limited by their poor stretchability and sensitivity, unsatisfactory strength, lower conductivity, and single sensory function. Here a hydrogen bond cross-linked network based on carboxylic styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and hydrophilic sericin (SS) non-covalently modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is rationally designed and then fabricated into multi-functional sensors. The resultant versatile sensors are able to detect both weak and large deformations, which owns a low detection limit of 1% strain, high stretchability up to 217%, superior strength of 12.58 MPa, high sensitivity with a gauge factor up to 25.98, high conductivity of 0.071 S m-1 , and lower percolation threshold of 0.504 wt%. Moreover, the prepared sensors also possess an impressively thermal response (0.01636 °C-1 ) and realize the application in the measurement of human body temperature. The multifunctional and scalable XSBR/SSCNT sensor with the integrated tracking capabilities of real-time and in situ physiological signals, providing a promising route to develop wearable artificial intelligence in human health and sporting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhuan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhongjie Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Mingshan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lihua Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Baofeng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Kang BC, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Wearable Pressure/Touch Sensors Based on Hybrid Dielectric Composites of Zinc Oxide Nanowires/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Flexible Electrodes of Immobilized Carbon Nanotube Random Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42014-42023. [PMID: 34450010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive-type physical sensors based on hybrid dielectric composites of zinc oxide nanowires/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (ZnO NWs@PDMS) and flexible electrodes of immobilized carbon nanotube (CNT) random networks, which are highly sensitive to pressure and touch stimuli, are demonstrated. Immobilized CNT random networks densely entangled in a Nafion matrix improve the electrical stability of wearable pressure sensors against mechanical stress with a bending radius of 5 mm. The effect of ZnO NW incorporation into PDMS on the sensing performance of pressure sensors is investigated, which results in a significantly enhanced sensitivity of 8.77 × 10-4 Pa-1 in low-pressure regions, compared to pristine PDMS (1.32 × 10-4 Pa-1). This improvement is attributed to the increase in the effective dielectric constant (εr) of the hybrid dielectric composites with their piezoelectric properties. In addition, wearable pressure/touch sensor arrays capable of detecting ultralow pressures (down to 20 Pa) and the real-time identification of touch and pressure stimuli via different sensing mechanisms are demonstrated. We believe that the multifunctionality introduced by the proposed sensors can extend the potential of physical sensor applications, while they are suitable for integration with wearable electronics based on hybrid nanocomposites and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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