1
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Milne SA, Lasserre P, Corrigan DK. Fabrication of a graphite-paraffin carbon paste electrode and demonstration of its use in electrochemical detection strategies. Analyst 2024; 149:4736-4746. [PMID: 39114971 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection methods hold many advantages over their optical counterparts, such as operation in complex sample matrices, low-cost and high volume manufacture and possible equipment miniaturisation. Despite these advantages, the use of electrochemical detection is currently limited in the clinical setting. There is a wide range of potential electrode materials, selected for optimal signal-to-noise ratios and reproducibility when detecting target analytes. The use of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for electrochemical detection can be limited by their analytical performance, however they remain very attractive due to their low cost and biocompatibility. This paper presents the fabrication of an easy-to-make and use graphite powder/paraffin wax paste combined with a substrate produced via additive manufacturing and confirms its functionality for both direct and indirect electrochemical measurements. The produced CPEs enable the direct voltammetric detection of hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and dopamine at an experimental limit of detection (ELoD) of 62.5 μM. The key inflammatory biomarker Interleukin-6 through an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was also quantified, yielding a clinically-relevant ELoD of 150 pg ml-1 in 10% human serum. The performance of low-cost and easy-to-use CPEs obtained in 0.5 hours is showcased in this study, demonstrating the platform's potential uses for point-of-need electroanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Milne
- University of Strathclyde, Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Richmond St, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Perrine Lasserre
- University of Strathclyde, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Damion K Corrigan
- University of Strathclyde, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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2
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Zhong Z, Dong J, Xia L, He J, Li G. A self-driven microfluidic immunosensor for rapid separation, enrichment, and detection of biomarkers in serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05490-8. [PMID: 39215774 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers and their concentration levels are critical indicators of metabolomics for clinical applications. Rapid and sensitive analysis methods are essential for realizing timely and efficient quantitation of those significant biomarkers. In this work, a self-driven microfluidic immunosensor was developed for rapid all-in-one separation, enrichment, and detection of biomarkers. This immunosensor was constructed from a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) channel layer and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sensing layer. The COC channel layer was modified through protein adsorption, immobilization, and remaining active site blocking. The obtained hydrophilic microchannels not only reduce the nonspecific adsorption, but also provide stable capillary-driven flow generation with linear velocities up to 20 mm/s for aqueous solution auto-injection. The PDMS sensing layer was modified using capture antibodies to accomplish affinity recognition of target biomarkers. Procalcitonin (PCT) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were selected as model biomarkers in the feasibility study on applying the self-driven microfluidic immunosensor to bioassay. The limits of detection of PCT and SAA were 7.9 ng/L and 7.6 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, the whole process can be accomplished within 60 min with excellent selectivity and reproducibility. In clinical serum sample analysis, satisfactory recoveries were achieved for PCT and SAA in the ranges of 85.0-103.0% and 95.5-106.0%, respectively, with relative standard deviations less than 5.3%. The method accuracy was further confirmed by the results of commercial immunoassay kits. This simple and easily operated immunosensor provides a rapid and sensitive biomarker analysis tool, and promotes the further development of automated and easy-to-use microfluidic immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Jianwei Dong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Xu J, Shen W, Zhang X, Zhu H, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cui C, Zha L, Lu YJ, Liu R, Lin X. Examining the relationship between alterations in plasma cholesterol, vascular endothelin-1 levels, and the severity of sepsis in children: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38348. [PMID: 38996171 PMCID: PMC11245241 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the significant impact of total cholesterol (TC) and vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) on children sepsis outcomes, this research aimed to explore the association between the levels of plasma cholesterol and vascular endothelin-1 and the severity of sepsis and evaluated its clinical implications. In this study, we examined 250 pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis between February 2019 and April 2021, collecting data on their plasma levels of TC and ET-1. Depending on the observed outcomes, the participants were divided into 2 categories: a group with a positive prognosis (control group, n = 100) and a group with a negative prognosis (n = 50). We assessed the significance of plasma TC and ET-1 levels in forecasting the outcomes for these pediatric patients. Patients in the group with a poor prognosis experienced notably longer hospital stays and higher treatment expenses than those in the control group (P < .05). Within the first 24 hours of admission and again on days 3 and 7, the levels of ET-1 were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group, whereas plasma TC levels were notably lower in comparison to the control group (P < .05). A Spearman correlation analysis identified a significant correlation between the levels of plasma TC and ET-1 and the severity of sepsis among the children (P < .05). The diagnostic performance for the severity of sepsis in children, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC), was 0.805 for plasma TC, 0.777 for ET-1 levels, and 0.938 when both were combined. This investigation underscores a meaningful relationship between the levels of plasma TC and ET-1 in pediatric sepsis patients, suggesting these biomarkers are highly valuable in predicting patient outcomes. High levels of ET-1 and low levels of TC in these patients signify a grave condition and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuyi People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic, Huai’an NO.3 People’s Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunduo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changqiang Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zha
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Jiao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care center (The Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Hong J, Wang L, Zheng Q, Cai C, Yang X, Liao Z. The Recent Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedical Fields. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2870. [PMID: 38930238 PMCID: PMC11204782 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have found extensive application in the biomedical domain due to their enhanced biocompatibility, minimal toxicity, and strong magnetic responsiveness. MNPs exhibit great potential as nanomaterials in various biomedical applications, including disease detection and cancer therapy. Typically, MNPs consist of a magnetic core surrounded by surface modification coatings, such as inorganic materials, organic molecules, and polymers, forming a nucleoshell structure that mitigates nanoparticle agglomeration and enhances targeting capabilities. Consequently, MNPs exhibit magnetic responsiveness in vivo for transportation and therapeutic effects, such as enhancing medical imaging resolution and localized heating at the site of injury. MNPs are utilized for specimen purification through targeted binding and magnetic separation in vitro, thereby optimizing efficiency and expediting the process. This review delves into the distinctive functional characteristics of MNPs as well as the diverse bioactive molecules employed in their surface coatings and their corresponding functionalities. Additionally, the advancement of MNPs in various applications is outlined. Additionally, we discuss the advancements of magnetic nanoparticles in medical imaging, disease treatment, and in vitro assays, and we anticipate the future development prospects and obstacles in this field. The objective is to furnish readers with a thorough comprehension of the recent practical utilization of MNPs in biomedical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenlin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (L.W.); (Q.Z.); (C.C.); (X.Y.)
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Jin X, Sun H, Yang L. How Extracellular Nano-Vesicles Can Play a Role in Sepsis? An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5797-5814. [PMID: 37869065 PMCID: PMC10588718 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection. Severe sepsis can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, with a high incidence rate and mortality. The molecular pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and diverse. In recent years, with further study of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in inflammatory diseases, it has been found that EVs play a dual role in the imbalance of inflammatory response in sepsis. Due to the great advantages such as lower toxicity, lower immunogenicity compared with stem cells and better circulation stability, EVs are increasingly used for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. The roles of EVs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis were summarized to guide further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Wang C, Xu G, Wang W, Ren Z, Zhang C, Gong Y, Zhao M, Qu Y, Li W, Zhou H, Li YQ. Bioinspired hot-spot engineering strategy towards ultrasensitive SERS sandwich biosensor for bacterial detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115497. [PMID: 37390642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sandwich biosensors have received tremendous attention in early diagnosis of bacterial infections. However, efficiently engineering nanoscale plasmonic hots pots (HS) towards ultrasensitive SERS detection still remains challenging. Herein, we propose a bioinspired synergistic HS engineering strategy to construct ultrasensitive SERS sandwich bacterial sensor (named USSB), by coupling bioinspired signal module and plasmonic enrichment module to synergistically boost the number and intensity of HS. The bioinspired signal module is based on dendritic mesoporous silica nanocarrier (DMSN) loaded with plasmonic nanoparticles and SERS tag, while magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with Au shell are employed in plasmonic enrichment module. We demonstrate that DMSN effectively shrank nanogaps between plasmonic nanoparticles to improve HS intensity. Meanwhile, plasmonic enrichment module contributed to plenty of additional HS inside and outside individual "sandwich". Ascribing to the boosted number and intensity of HS, the constructed USSB sensor exhibits ultrahigh detection sensitivity (7 CFU/mL) and selectivity towards model pathogenic bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus. Remarkably, the USSB sensor enables fast and accurate bacterial detection in real blood samples of septic mice, achieving early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis. The proposed bioinspired synergistic HS engineering strategy opens up a new direction for constructing ultrasensitive SERS sandwich biosensors, and may promote their advancing applications in the early diagnosis and prognosis of devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Wang
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guopeng Xu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chengmei Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China; Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Guan M, Mi F, Geng P, Chen G. Combining multisite functionalized magnetic nanomaterials with interference-free SERS nanotags for multi-target sepsis biomarker detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1272:341523. [PMID: 37355316 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultra-sensitive vibration spectroscopy technology, with the advantages of multi-index and non-destructive quantitative detection, has attracted much attention in the joint detection of biomarkers. A novel SERS biosensor with multisite capture and interference-free quantification was designed for the joint detection of the sepsis biomarker interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT). This biosensor had two interference-free core-shell SERS probes with highly efficient electromagnetic enhancement and a multisite functionalized magnetic nanomaterial with high adsorption capacity. They formed sandwich structure with the targets through boronic affinity and immunoreaction, and the multi-target quantitative analysis of biomarkers in serum was performed using a portable Raman spectrometer in the Raman-silent region. The SERS biosensor was exhibited highly sensitive with detection limits of 0.584 and 2.99 pg/mL for IL-6 and PCT, respectively. In addition, it exhibited excellent selectivity and specificity even with the interference of other proteins. As this SERS method showed excellent performance in the detection of sepsis, it has great potential for multi-index detection in clinical diagnosis of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Fang Mi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Pengfei Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Guotong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
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8
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Zhen G, Mu Y, Yuan P, Li Y, Li X. One-Step Synthesis of Self-Stratification Core-Shell Latex for Antimicrobial Coating. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062795. [PMID: 36985769 PMCID: PMC10052133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a one-step method for synthesizing cationic acrylate-based core-shell latex (CACS latex), which is used to prepare architectural coatings with excellent antimicrobial properties. Firstly, a polymerizable water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt (QAS-BN) was synthesized using 2-(Dimethylamine) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and benzyl bromide by the Hoffman alkylation reaction. Then QAS-BN, butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) as reactants and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as a water-soluble initiator were used to synthesize the CACS latex. The effect of the QAS-BN dosage on the properties of the emulsion and latex film was systematically investigated. The TGA results showed that using QAS-BN reduced the latex film's initial degradation temperature but improved its thermal stability. In the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs, the self-stratification of latex particles with a high dosage of QAS-BN was observed, forming a core-shell structure of latex particles. The DSC, TGA, XPS, SEM, and performance tests confirmed the core-shell structure of the latex particles. The relationship between the formation of the core-shell structure and the content of QAS-BN was proved. The formation of the core-shell structure was due to the preferential reaction of water-soluble monomers in the aqueous phase, which led to the aggregation of hydrophilic groups, resulting in the formation of soft-core and hard-shell latex particles. However, the water resistance of the films formed by CACS latex was greatly reduced. We introduced a p-chloromethyl styrene and n-hexane diamine (p-CMS/EDA) crosslinking system, effectively improving the water resistance in this study. Finally, the antimicrobial coating was prepared with a CACS emulsion of 7 wt.% QAS-BN and 2 wt.% p-CMS/EDA. The antibacterial activity rates of this antimicrobial coating against E. coli and S. aureus were 99.99%. The antiviral activity rates against H3N2, HCoV-229E, and EV71 were 99.4%, 99.2%, and 97.9%, respectively. This study provides a novel idea for the morphological design of latex particles. A new architectural coating with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties was obtained, which has important public health and safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhou Zhen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanchun Mu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peichen Yuan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yankun Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Chen L, Guo X, Sun X, Zhang S, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang T, Cheng W, Shi Y, Pan L. Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:547. [PMID: 36984956 PMCID: PMC10051279 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Shi
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
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10
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Bonini A, Carota AG, Poma N, Vivaldi FM, Biagini D, Bottai D, Lenzi A, Tavanti A, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Emerging Biosensing Technologies towards Early Sepsis Diagnosis and Management. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:894. [PMID: 36291031 PMCID: PMC9599348 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory dysfunction strictly associated with infectious diseases, which represents an important health issue whose incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Nowadays, sepsis is considered as one of the main causes of death that mainly affects critically ill patients in clinical settings, with a higher prevalence in low-income countries. Currently, sepsis management still represents an important challenge, since the use of traditional techniques for the diagnosis does not provide a rapid response, which is crucial for an effective infection management. Biosensing systems represent a valid alternative due to their characteristics such as low cost, portability, low response time, ease of use and suitability for point of care/need applications. This review provides an overview of the infectious agents associated with the development of sepsis and the host biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. Special focus is given to the new emerging biosensing technologies using electrochemical and optical transduction techniques for sepsis diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Gilda Carota
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Maria Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Bottai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Tavanti
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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