Electromechanical integrated recording of single cardiomyocyte in situ by multimodal microelectrode biosensing system

Near-infrared-triggered plasmonic regulation and cardiomyocyte-based biosensing system for in vitro bradyarrhythmia treatment

Bradyarrhythmia, a life-threatening cardiovascular disease, is an increasing burden for the healthcare system. Currently, surgery, implanted device, and drug are introduced to treat the bradyarrhythmia in clinical practice. However, these conventional therapeutic strategies suffer from the invasive surgery, power supply, or drug side effect, respectively, hence developing the alternative therapeutic strategy is necessarily imperative. Here, a convenient and effective strategy to treat the bradyarrhythmia is proposed using near-infrared-triggered Au nanorod (NR) based plasmonic photothermal effect (PPE). Moreover, electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes is dynamically monitored by the integrated biosensing-regulating system during and after the treatment. Cardiomyocyte-based bradyarrhythmia recover rhythmic for a long time by regulating plasmonic photothermal effect. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism is qualitatively investigated to verify the significant thermal stimulation in the recovery process. This study establishes a reliable platform for long-term recording and evaluation of mild photothermal therapy for bradyarrhythmia in vitro, offering an efficient and non-invasive strategy for the potential clinical applications.

Micronano Synergetic Three-Dimensional Bioelectronics: A Revolutionary Breakthrough Platform for Cardiac Electrophysiology

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the investigation and treatment of CVDs, including arrhythmia. The long-term and accurate detection of electrophysiological activity in cardiomyocytes is essential for advancing cardiology and pharmacology. Regarding the electrophysiological study of cardiac cells, many micronano bioelectric devices and systems have been developed. Such bioelectronic devices possess unique geometric structures of electrodes that enhance quality of electrophysiological signal recording. Though planar multielectrode/multitransistors are widely used for simultaneous multichannel measurement of cell electrophysiological signals, their use for extracellular electrophysiological recording exhibits low signal strength and quality. However, the integration of three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode/multitransistor arrays that use advanced penetration strategies can achieve high-quality intracellular signal recording. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing, geometric structure, and penetration paradigms of 3D micronano devices, as well as their applications for precise drug screening and biomimetic disease modeling. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the current challenges and outlines future directions for the preparation and application of micronano bioelectronic devices, with an aim to promote the development of intracellular electrophysiological platforms and thereby meet the demands of emerging clinical applications.

Three-Dimensional Cardiomyocyte-Nanobiosensing System for Specific Recognition of Drug Subgroups

Abnormal cardiac electrophysiological activities significantly contribute to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize effective drugs, which require an accurate, stable, and sensitive platform. Although conventional extracellular recordings offer a non-invasive and label-free manner to monitor the electrophysiological state of cardiomyocytes, the misrepresented and low-quality extracellular action potentials are difficult to provide accurate and high-content information for drug screening. This study presents the development of a three-dimensional cardiomyocyte-nanobiosensing system that can specifically recognize drug subgroups. The nanopillar-based electrode is manufactured by template synthesis and standard microfabrication technology on a porous polyethylene terephthalate membrane. Based on the cardiomyocyte-nanopillar interface, high-quality intracellular action potentials can be recorded by the minimally invasive electroporation. We validate the performance of a cardiomyocyte-nanopillar-based intracellular electrophysiological biosensing platform by two subclasses of sodium channel blockers, quinidine and lidocaine. The recorded intracellular action potentials accurately reveal the subtle differences between these drugs. Our study indicates that high-content intracellular recordings utilizing nanopillar-based biosensing can provide a promising platform for the electrophysiological and pharmacological investigation of cardiovascular diseases.

A biosensing system employing nonlinear dynamic analysis-assisted neural network for drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment

Preclinical investigation of drug-induced cardiotoxicity is of importance for drug development. To evaluate such cardiotoxicity, in vitro high-throughput interdigitated electrode-based recording of cardiomyocytes mechanical beating is widely used. To automatically analyze the features from the beating signals for drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment, artificial neural network analysis is conventionally employed and signals are segmented into cycles and feature points are located in the cycles. However, signal segmentation and location of feature points for different signal shapes require design of specific algorithms. Consequently, this may lower the efficiency of research and the applications of such algorithms in signals with different morphologies are limited. Here, we present a biosensing system that employs nonlinear dynamic analysis-assisted neural network (NDANN) to avoid the signal segmentation process and directly extract features from beating signal time series. By processing beating time series with fixed time duration to avoid the signal segmentation process, this NDANN-based biosensing system can identify drug-induced cardiotoxicity with accuracy over 0.99. The individual drugs were classified with high accuracies over 0.94 and drug-induced cardiotoxicity levels were accurately predicted. We also evaluated the generalization performance of the NDANN-based biosensing system in assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity through an independent dataset. This system achieved accuracy of 0.85-0.95 for different drug concentrations in identification of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. This result demonstrates that our NDANN-based biosensing system has the capacity of screening newly developed drugs, which is crucial in practical applications. This NDANN-based biosensing system can work as a new screening platform for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and improve the efficiency of bio-signal processing.