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Henry B, Merz M, Hoang H, Abdulkarim G, Wosik J, Schoettker P. Cuffless Blood Pressure in clinical practice: challenges, opportunities and current limits. Blood Press 2024; 33:2304190. [PMID: 38245864 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2304190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cuffless blood pressure measurement technologies have attracted significant attention for their potential to transform cardiovascular monitoring.Methods: This updated narrative review thoroughly examines the challenges, opportunities, and limitations associated with the implementation of cuffless blood pressure monitoring systems.Results: Diverse technologies, including photoplethysmography, tonometry, and ECG analysis, enable cuffless blood pressure measurement and are integrated into devices like smartphones and smartwatches. Signal processing emerges as a critical aspect, dictating the accuracy and reliability of readings. Despite its potential, the integration of cuffless technologies into clinical practice faces obstacles, including the need to address concerns related to accuracy, calibration, and standardization across diverse devices and patient populations. The development of robust algorithms to mitigate artifacts and environmental disturbances is essential for extracting clear physiological signals. Based on extensive research, this review emphasizes the necessity for standardized protocols, validation studies, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the reliability and safety of cuffless blood pressure monitoring devices and their implementation in mainstream medical practice. Interdisciplinary collaborations between engineers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies are crucial to address technical, clinical, and regulatory complexities during implementation. In conclusion, while cuffless blood pressure monitoring holds immense potential to transform cardiovascular care. The resolution of existing challenges and the establishment of rigorous standards are imperative for its seamless incorporation into routine clinical practice.Conclusion: The emergence of these new technologies shifts the paradigm of cardiovascular health management, presenting a new possibility for non-invasive continuous and dynamic monitoring. The concept of cuffless blood pressure measurement is viable and more finely tuned devices are expected to enter the market, which could redefine our understanding of blood pressure and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Henry
- Service of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Merz
- Service of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harry Hoang
- Service of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ghaith Abdulkarim
- Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jedrek Wosik
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Schoettker
- Service of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yang Y, Yang S, Xia X, Hui S, Wang B, Zou B, Zhang Y, Sun J, Xin JH. MXenes for Wearable Physical Sensors toward Smart Healthcare. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24705-24740. [PMID: 39186373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The gradual rise of personal healthcare awareness is accelerating the deployment of wearable sensors, whose ability of acquiring physiological vital signs depends on sensing materials. MXenes have distinct chemical and physical superiorities over other 2D nanomaterials for wearable sensors. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in MXenes-based materials for wearable physical sensors. It begins with an introduction to special structural features of MXenes for sensing performance, followed by an in-depth exploration of versatile functionalities. A detailed description of different sensing mechanisms is also included to illustrate the contribution of MXenes to the sensing performance and its improvement. In addition, the real-world applications of MXenes-based physical sensors for monitoring different physiological signs are included as well. The remaining challenges of MXenes-based materials for wearable physical sensors and their promising opportunities are finally narrated, in conjunction with a prospective for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Sun
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - John H Xin
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Shao B, Chen X, Chen X, Peng S, Song M. Advancements in MXene Composite Materials for Wearable Sensors: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4092. [PMID: 39000870 PMCID: PMC11244375 DOI: 10.3390/s24134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), manufacturing processes, and material synthesis technologies have positioned flexible sensors as critical components in wearable devices. These developments are propelling wearable technologies based on flexible sensors towards higher intelligence, convenience, superior performance, and biocompatibility. Recently, two-dimensional nanomaterials known as MXenes have garnered extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant surface functional groups. These notable attributes confer significant potential on MXenes for applications in strain sensing, pressure measurement, gas detection, etc. Furthermore, polymer substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are extensively utilized as support materials for MXene and its composites due to their light weight, flexibility, and ease of processing, thereby enhancing the overall performance and wearability of the sensors. This paper reviews the latest advancements in MXene and its composites within the domains of strain sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors. We present numerous recent case studies of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors and discuss the optimization of materials and structures for MXene composite material-based wearable sensors, offering strategies and methods to enhance the development of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors. Finally, we summarize the current progress of MXene wearable sensors and project future trends and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Shao
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Xingwei Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuzhe Peng
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Mingxin Song
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Guo T, Wan Z, Panahi-Sarmad M, Banvillet G, Lu Y, Zargar S, Tian J, Jiang F, Mao Y, Tu Q, Rojas OJ. Chitin Nanofibers Enable the Colloidal Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials in Aqueous Phase and Hybrid Material Coassembly. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14954-14967. [PMID: 38820368 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibrils (ChNF) sourced from discarded marine biomass are shown as effective stabilizers of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous media. Such stabilization is evaluated for carbon nanotubes (CNT) considering spatial and temporal perspectives by using experimental (small-angle X-ray scattering, among others) and theoretical (atomistic simulation) approaches. We reveal that the coassembly of ChNF and CNT is governed by hydrophobic interactions, while electrostatic repulsion drives the colloidal stabilization of the hybrid ChNF/CNT system. Related effects are found to be transferable to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. The observations explain the functionality of hybrid membranes obtained by aqueous phase processing, which benefit from an excellent areal mass distribution (correlated to piezoresistivity), also contributing to high electromechanical performance. The water resistance and flexibility of the ChNF/CNT membranes (along with its tensile strength at break of 190 MPa, conductivity of up to 426 S/cm, and piezoresistivity and light absorption properties) are conveniently combined in a device demonstration, a sunlight water evaporator. The latter is shown to present a high evaporation rate (as high as 1.425 kg water m-2 h-1 under one sun illumination) and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Banvillet
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shiva Zargar
- Sustainable Bioeconomy Research Group, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Jing Tian
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Qingshi Tu
- Sustainable Bioeconomy Research Group, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Zhou E, Shen Q, Hou Y. Integrating artificial intelligence into the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine industry: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1181183. [PMID: 38464717 PMCID: PMC10921893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1181183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the practical experience and summary of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. It shows great potential in treating various chronic diseases, complex diseases and major infectious diseases, and has gradually attracted the attention of people all over the world. However, due to the complexity of prescription and action mechanism of TCM, the development of TCM industry is still in a relatively conservative stage. With the rise of artificial intelligence technology in various fields, many scholars began to apply artificial intelligence technology to traditional Chinese medicine industry and made remarkable progress. This paper comprehensively summarizes the important role of artificial intelligence in the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry from various aspects, including new drug discovery, data mining, quality standardization and industry technology of traditional Chinese medicine. The limitations of artificial intelligence in these applications are also emphasized, including the lack of pharmacological research, database quality problems and the challenges brought by human-computer interaction. Nevertheless, the development of artificial intelligence has brought new opportunities and innovations to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Integrating artificial intelligence technology into the comprehensive application of Chinese medicine industry is expected to overcome the major problems faced by traditional Chinese medicine industry and further promote the modernization of the whole traditional Chinese medicine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Zhou
- Yuhu District Healthcare Security Administration, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang F, Su D, Ma K, Qin B, Li B, Li J, Zhang C, Xin Y, Huang Z, Yang W, Wang S, He X. Reliable and Scalable Piezoresistive Sensors with an MXene/MoS 2 Hierarchical Nanostructure for Health Signals Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44001-44011. [PMID: 37671797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased popularity of wearable electronic devices has led to a greater need for advanced sensors. However, fabricating pressure sensors that are flexible, highly sensitive, robust, and compatible with large-scale fabrication technology is challenging. This work investigates a piezoresistive sensor constructed from an MXene/MoS2 hierarchical nanostructure, which is obtained through an easy and inexpensive fabrication process. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 0.42 kPa-1 (0-1.5 kPa), rapid response (∼36 ms), and remarkable mechanical durability (∼10,000 cycles at 13 kPa). The sensor has been demonstrated to be successful in detecting human motion, speech recognition, and physiological signals, particularly in analyzing human pulse. These data can be used to alert and identify irregularities in human health. Additionally, the sensing units are able to construct sensor arrays of various sizes and configurations, enabling pressure distribution imaging in a variety of application scenarios. This research proposes a cost-effective and scalable approach to fabricating piezoresistive sensors and sensor arrays, which can be utilized for monitoring human health and for use in human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Daojian Su
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Bolong Qin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Baijun Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Zundi Huang
- School of Rail Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
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Seesaard T, Wongchoosuk C. Flexible and Stretchable Pressure Sensors: From Basic Principles to State-of-the-Art Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1638. [PMID: 37630177 PMCID: PMC10456594 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising technologies for the next generation of electronic devices. These advancements offer numerous advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, bio-integrated circuits, and light weight, enabling new possibilities in diverse applications, including e-textiles, smart lenses, healthcare technologies, smart manufacturing, consumer electronics, and smart wearable devices. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to flexible and stretchable pressure sensors due to their potential integration with medical and healthcare devices for monitoring human activity and biological signals, such as heartbeat, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and muscle activity. This review comprehensively covers all aspects of recent developments in flexible and stretchable pressure sensors. It encompasses fundamental principles, force/pressure-sensitive materials, fabrication techniques for low-cost and high-performance pressure sensors, investigations of sensing mechanisms (piezoresistivity, capacitance, piezoelectricity), and state-of-the-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Seesaard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi 71190, Thailand;
| | - Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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