1
|
Liu M, Peng W, Zheng H, Chen K, Lin Q, Zhang S, Yang L. Assessing Atherosclerosis by Super-Resolution Imaging of HClO in Foam Cells Using a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14215-14221. [PMID: 39162214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Foam cells, with elevated lipid droplets (LDs) and HClO levels, are the main components of the atherosclerotic plaques that are characteristic of AS. Super-resolution imaging can be used to visualize the distribution of LDs in foam cells at the nanometer level, facilitating the identification of LDs and HClO. In the present study, we report the development of a ratiometric fluorescent probe, SFL-HClO, for super-resolution imaging of LDs and HClO. Super-resolution imaging with this probe revealed the precise structure of LDs at the suborganelle level. Moreover, the fluorescence behavior of SFL-HClO on the surface of LDs verified its excellent performance in detecting HClO in the foam cells. SFL-HClO can sequentially and specifically respond to LDs and HClO via "turn-on" and ratiometric signal output, respectively, thus contributing to precise imaging of foam cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that SFL-HClO can be used to report on upregulated HClO in atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of AS mice, providing a suitable fluorescent tool for early atherosclerotic disease assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Weikang Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Hongyong Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Kangfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qifu Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang K, Tian Y, Zheng B, Wu F, Hu T, Yang Y, Pan J, Xiong H, Wang S. Fast-Responsive HClO-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ex Vivo Optical Fecal Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12065-12073. [PMID: 38982573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic intestinal inflammatory disease, whose etiology is intimately related to the overproduction of hypochlorous acid (HClO). Optical monitoring of HClO in the living body favors real-time diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. However, HClO-activated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with rapid response and high inflammatory cell uptake are still lacking. Herein, we report an activatable acceptor-π-acceptor (A-π-A)-type NIR fluorescent probe (Cy-DM) bearing two d-mannosamine groups for the sensitive detection of HClO in early IBD and stool testing. Once reacted with HClO, nonfluorescent Cy-DM could be turned on within 2 s by generating a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure due to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, showing intense NIR fluorescence emission at 700 nm and a large Stokes shift of 115 nm. Moreover, it was able to sensitively and selectively image exogenous and endogenous HClO in the lysosomes of living cells with a detection limit of 0.84 μM. More importantly, because of the d-mannosamine modification, Cy-DM was efficiently taken up by inflammatory cells in the intestine after intravenous administration, allowing noninvasive visualization of endogenous HClO in a lipopolysaccharide-induced IBD mouse model with a high fluorescence contrast of 6.8/1. In addition, water-soluble Cy-DM has also been successfully applied in ex vivo optical fecal analysis, exhibiting a 3.4-fold higher fluorescence intensity in the feces excreted by IBD mice. We believe that Cy-DM is promising as an invaluable tool for rapid diagnosis of HClO-related diseases as well as stool testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fapu Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuexia Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia J, Li L, Wu Z, Li S. Fluorescent probes for imaging: a focus on atherosclerosis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11849-11862. [PMID: 38836376 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic cardiovascular disease driven by inflammation, can lead to arterial stenosis and thrombosis, which seriously threatens human life and health. Achieving the timely monitoring of atherosclerosis is an important measure to reduce acute cardiovascular diseases. Compared with other imaging platforms, fluorescence imaging technology has the characteristics of excellent sensitivity, high spatiotemporal resolution and real-time imaging, which is very suitable for direct visualization of molecular processes and abnormalities of atherosclerosis. Recently, researchers have strived to design a variety of fluorescent probes, from single-mode fluorescent probes to fluorescent-combined dual/multimode probes, to enrich the imaging and detection of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of currently investigated fluorescent probes in the context of atherosclerosis, summarize relevant published studies showing applications of different types of fluorescent probes in the early-stage and other stages to detect atherosclerosis, give effective biological targets and discuss the latest progress and some limitations. Finally, some insights are provided for the development of a new generation of more accurate and efficient fluorescent probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao B, Xu X, Wen X, Liu Q, Dong C, Yang Q, Fan C, Yoon J, Lu Z. Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Monitors Ferroptosis in HCC Cells by Imaging HClO in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5992-6000. [PMID: 38574346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a typical endogenous ROS produced mainly in mitochondria, and it has strong oxidative properties. Abnormal HClO levels lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, strongly associated with various diseases. It has been shown that HClO shows traces of overexpression in cells of both ferroptosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, visualization of HClO levels during ferroptosis of HCC is important to explore its physiological and pathological roles. So far, there has been no report on the visualization of HClO in ferroptosis of HCC. Thus, we present a ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Mito-Rh-S which visualized for the first time the fluctuation of HClO in mitochondria during ferroptosis of HCC. Mito-Rh-S has an ultrafast response rate (2 s) and large emission shift (115 nm). Mito-Rh-S was constructed based on the PET sensing mechanism and thus has a high signal-to-noise ratio. The cell experiments of Mito-Rh-S demonstrated that Fe2+- and erastin-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells resulted in elevated levels of mitochondrial HClO and that high concentration levels of Fe2+ and erastin cause severe mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress and had the potential to kill HepG2 cells. By regulating the erastin concentration, erastin induction time, and treatment of the ferroptosis model, Mito-Rh-S can accurately detect the fluctuation of mitochondrial HClO levels during ferroptosis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xionghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingkun Yang
- Shandong Anshun Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Laoling, Shandong 253600, China
| | - Chunhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suna G, Erdemir E, Liv L, Karakus AC, Gunturkun D, Ozturk T, Karakuş E. A novel thienothiophene-based "dual-responsive" probe for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of hypochlorite. Talanta 2024; 270:125545. [PMID: 38128280 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid (ClO-/HOCl) is a biologically crucial reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in living organisms and has a critical role as an antimicrobial agent in the natural defense system. However, when ClO- is produced excessively, it can lead to the oxidative damage of biomolecules, resulting in organ damage and various diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to have a straightforward, quick and reliable method for over watching the minimum amount of ClO- in different environments. RESULTS Herein, a new probe TTM, containing thienothiophene and malononitrile units, was developed for exceptionally selective and sensitive hypochlorite (ClO-) detection. TTM demonstrated a rapid "turn-on" fluorescence response (<30 s), naked-eye detection (colorimetric), voltammetric read-out with anodic scan, low detection limit (LOD = 0.58 μM and 1.43 μM for optical and electrochemical methods, respectively) and applicability in detecting ClO- in real water samples and living cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This study represents one of the rare examples of a small thienothiophene-based molecule for both optical and electrochemical detections of ClO- in an aqueous medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garen Suna
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Erdemir
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lokman Liv
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Cataler Karakus
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Dilara Gunturkun
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erman Karakuş
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|