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Cai H, Dong P, Li X, Wang L, Li T. Evaluating early apoptosis-related cellular MiRNAs with an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence nanoplatform. Analyst 2024; 149:3971-3979. [PMID: 38940641 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
It is known that the abnormal expression of specific cellular miRNAs is closely related to cell apoptosis, and so monitoring the level change of these miRNAs can in principle be used to evaluate the process of apoptosis stimulated by drugs. Towards this goal, here we construct an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanoplatform via the target miRNA-triggered immobilization of spherical nucleic acid enzymes (SNAzymes) onto tetrahedral DNA nanostructures on the electrode surface, which catalyzes the luminol-H2O2 reaction to output an ECL signal. This enables the sensitive and specific detection of two apoptosis-related miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-133a, with a detection limit of 33 aM. Furthermore, we employed the developed ECL nanoplatform to monitor the levels of these two miRNAs inside cancer cells stimulated by DOX, showing that the level of miR-21 decreases, while that of miR-133a increases in the early apoptotic cells. This difference highlights the distinct roles of the two target miRNAs, where miR-21 promotes the early apoptosis of cancer cells, whereas miR-133a suppresses it, providing new insight into cell physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Peiting Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xiuping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Tang X, Zhao S, Luo J, Wang B, Wu X, Deng R, Chang K, Chen M. Smart Stimuli-Responsive Spherical Nucleic Acids: Cutting-Edge Platforms for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310732. [PMID: 38299771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with exceptional colloidal stability, multiple modularity, and programmability are excellent candidates to address common molecular delivery-related issues. Based on this, the higher targeting accuracy and enhanced controllability of stimuli-responsive SNAs render them precise nanoplatforms with inestimable prospects for diverse biomedical applications. Therefore, tailored diagnosis and treatment with stimuli-responsive SNAs may be a robust strategy to break through the bottlenecks associated with traditional nanocarriers. Various stimuli-responsive SNAs are engineered through the incorporation of multifunctional modifications to meet biomedical demands with the development of nucleic acid functionalization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prominent research in this area and recent advancements in the utilization of stimuli-responsive SNAs in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics. For each aspect, SNA nanoplatforms that exhibit responsive behavior to both internal stimuli (including sequence, enzyme, redox reactions, and pH) and external stimuli (such as light and temperature) are highlighted. This review is expected to offer inspiration and guidance strategies for the rational design and development of stimuli-responsive SNAs in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xianlan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruijia Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Wang W, Li X, Zeng K, Lu Y, Jia B, Lv J, Wu C, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Improved Catalytic Activity of Spherical Nucleic Acid Enzymes by Hybridization Chain Reaction and Its Application for Sensitive Analysis of Aflatoxin B1. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2325. [PMID: 38610537 PMCID: PMC11014268 DOI: 10.3390/s24072325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Conventional spherical nucleic acid enzymes (SNAzymes), made with gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) cores and DNA shells, are widely applied in bioanalysis owing to their excellent physicochemical properties. Albeit important, the crowded catalytic units (such as G-quadruplex, G4) on the limited AuNPs surface inevitably influence their catalytic activities. Herin, a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is employed as a means to expand the quantity and spaces of G4 enzymes for their catalytic ability enhancement. Through systematic investigations, we found that when an incomplete G4 sequence was linked at the sticky ends of the hairpins with split modes (3:1 and 2:2), this would significantly decrease the HCR hybridization capability due to increased steric hindrance. In contrast, the HCR hybridization capability was remarkably enhanced after the complete G4 sequence was directly modified at the non-sticky end of the hairpins, ascribed to the steric hindrance avoided. Accordingly, the improved SNAzymes using HCR were applied for the determination of AFB1 in food samples as a proof-of-concept, which exhibited outstanding performance (detection limit, 0.08 ng/mL). Importantly, our strategy provided a new insight for the catalytic activity improvement in SNAzymes using G4 as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kun Zeng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanyan Lu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Boyuan Jia
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianxia Lv
- National Narcotics Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing 100164, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chenghao Wu
- National Narcotics Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing 100164, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinshuo Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (B.J.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
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He L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Niu Y, Wang Y, Ma H, Li N, Ye J, Ma Y. Self-Assembled Tetraphenylethene-Based Nanoaggregates with Tunable Electrochemiluminescence for the Ultrasensitive Detection of E. coli. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4809-4816. [PMID: 38466895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
As an effective ECL emitter, tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based molecules have recently been reported with aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) property, while it is still a big challenge to control its aggregation states and obtain uniform aggregates with intense ECL emission. In this study, we develop three TPE derivatives carrying a pyridinium group, an alkyl chain, and a quaternary ammonium group via the Menschutkin reaction. The resulting molecules exhibit significantly red-shifted FL and enhanced ECL emissions due to the tunable reduction of the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). More importantly, the amphiphilicity of the as-developed molecules enables their spontaneous self-assembly into well-controlled spherical nanoaggregates, and the ECL intensity of nanoaggregates with 3 -CH2- (named as C3) is 17.0-fold higher compared to that of the original 4-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)pyridine (TPP) molecule. These cationic nanoaggregates demonstrate a high affinity toward bacteria, and an ECL sensor for the profiling of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was developed with a broad linear range and good selectivity in the presence of an E. coli-specific aptamer. This study provides an effective way to enhance the ECL emission of TPE molecules through their derivatization and a simple way to prepare well-controlled AIECL nanoaggregates for ECL application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yibo Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianshan Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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