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Ramanathan S, Lau WJ, Goh PS, Gopinath SCB, Rawindran H, Omar MF, Ismail AF, Breadmore MC, See HH. Tailoring molecularly imprinted polymer on titanium-multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized gold electrode for enhanced chlorophyll determination in microalgae health assessment. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:586. [PMID: 39251454 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A unique method for determining chlorophyll content in microalgae is devised employing a gold interdigitated electrode (G-IDE) with a 10-µm gap, augmented by a nano-molecularly imprinted polymer (nano-MIP) and a titanium dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (TiO2/MWCNT) nanocomposite. The nano-MIP, produced using chlorophyll template voids, successfully trapped chlorophyll, while the TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite, synthesized by the sol-gel technique, exhibited a consistent distribution and anatase crystalline structure. The rebinding of procured chlorophyll powder, which was used as a template for nano-MIP synthesis, was identified with a high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9857). By combining the TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite with nano-MIP, the G-IDE sensing method achieved a slightly better R2 value of 0.9892 for detecting chlorophyll in microalgae. The presented G-IDE sensor showed a significant threefold enhancement in chlorophyll detection compared with commercially available chlorophyll powder. It had a detection limit of 0.917 mL (v/v) and a linear range that spanned from 10-6 to 1 mL. The effectiveness of the sensor in detecting chlorophyll in microalgae was confirmed through validation of its repeatability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santheraleka Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai-602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia
- Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, AZ, 1075, Azerbaijan
| | - Hemamalini Rawindran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Firdaus Omar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Ma Z, Han H. Label-Free Mode Based on Ferrocene/PEDOT:PSS-PPy for Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemically Ultrasensitive Detection of Amino Acids. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14298-14305. [PMID: 39171532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Generally, molecularly imprinted (MIP) electrochemical sensors for amino acids operate in a "label-like" mode. That is, after an amino acid is specifically recognized by an imprinted cavity at the sensing interface, the amino acid itself provides the sensing signal for quantitative detection. However, poorly electroactive amino acids impede electron transfer at the sensing interface and require high potentials to drive the reaction; thus, more interfering reactions tend to be triggered in practical applications, causing enhanced background noise in the detection. To address these issues, a "label-free" mode of the MIP sensor based on the ferrocene (Fc)/PEDOT:PSS-polypyrrole (PPy) composite was designed for the first time. The Fc/PEDOT:PSS-PPy is drop coated on the electrode surface as a substrate, and MIP polymers with specific recognition ability are immobilized on the substrate via electrostatic adsorption. As a proof of concept, l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) was selected as a model analyte and the "label-free" mode MIP/Fc/PEDOT:PSS-PPy sensor was constructed. The limit of detection (LOD) and linearity range of the MIP/Fc/PEDOT:PSS-PPy sensor were 2.31 × 10-11 M and from 100 pM to 5 mM, respectively. Compared with the label-like mode, the LOD was three orders of magnitude lower, the linear range was increased by three orders of magnitude, and the sensitivity was improved by more than four times. This work provides a universal and effective concept for MIP electrochemical sensing of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhaoxuanxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhanfang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongliang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Li Y, Luo L, Senicar L, Asrosa R, Kizilates B, Xing K, Torres E, Xu L, Li D, Graham N, Heslegrave A, Zetterberg H, Sharp DJ, Li B. An Ultrasensitive Molecularly Imprinted Point-Of-Care Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401966. [PMID: 39221506 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of neurological disease through monitoring of biomarkers has been made possible using the antibody-based assays. But these assays suffer from expensive development of antibody probes, reliance on complicated equipments, and high maintenance costs. Here, using the novel reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine-molecularly imprinted polymer (rGO/PDA-MIP) as the probe layer, a robust electrochemical sensing platform is demonstrated for the ultrasensitive detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker for a range of neurological diseases. A miniaturized integrated circuit readout system is developed to interface with the electrochemical sensor, which empowers it with the potential to be used as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool in primary clinical settings. This innovative platform demonstrated good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, with imprinting factor evaluated as 2.8. A record low limit-of-detection (LoD) is down to 754.5 ag mL-1, with a wide dynamic range from 1 to 106 fg mL-1. The sensing platform is validated through the analysis of GFAP in clinical plasma samples, yielding a recovery rate range of 81.6-108.8% compared to Single Molecule Array (Simoa). This cost-effective and user-friendly sensing platform holds the potential to be deployed in primary and resource-limited clinical settings for the assessment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Liuxiong Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lenart Senicar
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Rica Asrosa
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Burcu Kizilates
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Kaizhong Xing
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Elias Torres
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián, 20009, Spain
| | - Lizhou Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Neil Graham
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - David J Sharp
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Bing Li
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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He R, Chen L, Chu P, Gao P, Wang J. Recent advances in nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors for sports biomarkers: focusing on antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39212159 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors, renowned for their high sensitivity, multi-target analysis capabilities, and miniaturized integration, align well with the requirements of non-invasive, multi-index integrated, continuous monitoring, and user-friendly wearable biosensors in sports science. In the past three years, novel strategies targeting specific responses to sports biomarkers have opened new avenues for applications in sports science. However, these advancements also pose challenges in achieving adequate sensitivity and specificity for online analysis of complex sweat bio-samples. Our article focuses on three key nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensing strategies: antigen-antibody reactions, nucleic acid aptamer recognition, and molecular imprinting capture. We delve into strategies to enhance specificity and sensitivity in the application of biosensors in sports science, including shortening signal transduction paths through built-in signal probes, increasing reaction sites through increased surface area and the introduction of nanostructures, multi-target analyses, and microfluidic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Physical Education Department, Wuhan University, No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Education and Equestrian, Wuhan Business University, No. 816 Dongfeng Avenue, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Chu
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Yarman A. Effect of Various Carbon Electrodes on MIP-Based Sensing Proteins Using Poly(Scopoletin): A Case Study of Ferritin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:426. [PMID: 39056867 PMCID: PMC11274590 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity in the sub-nanomolar concentration region is required to determine important protein biomarkers, e.g., ferritin. As a prerequisite for high sensitivity, in this paper, the affinity of the functional monomer to the macromolecular target ferritin in solution was compared with the value for the respective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrodes, and the influence of various surface modifications of the electrode was investigated. The analytical performance of ferritin sensing was investigated using three different carbon electrodes (screen-printed carbon electrodes, single-walled-carbon-nanotube-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes, and glassy carbon electrodes) covered with a scopoletin-based MIP layer. Regardless of the electrode type, the template molecule ferritin was mixed with the functional monomer scopoletin, and electropolymerization was conducted using multistep amperometry. All stages of MIP preparation were followed by evaluating the diffusional permeability of the redox marker ferricyanide/ferrocyanide through the polymer layer by differential pulse voltammetry. The best results were obtained with glassy carbon electrodes. The MIP sensor responded up to 0.5 µM linearly with a Kd of 0.30 µM. Similar results were also obtained in solution upon the interaction of scopoletin and ferritin using fluorescence spectroscopy, resulting in the quenching of the scopoletin signal, with a calculated Kd of 0.81 µM. Moreover, the binding of 1 µM ferritin led to 49.6% suppression, whereas human serum albumin caused 8.6% suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Istanbul 34820, Türkiye
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Liu C, Guan C, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Han G. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Common Oral Diseases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38366356 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Limiting and preventing oral diseases remains a major challenge to the health of populations around the world, so finding ways to detect early-stage diseases (e.g., caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer) and aiding in their prevention has always been an important clinical treatment concept. The development and application of electrochemical detection technology can provide important support for the early detection and non-invasive diagnosis of oral diseases and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods, which are highly sensitive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It detects specific disease markers in body fluids through electrochemical reactions, discovers early warning signals of diseases, and realizes rapid and reliable diagnosis. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases in terms of application platforms, sensing types, and disease detection, and discusses the challenges faced by electrochemical biosensors in the detection of oral diseases as well as the great prospects for future applications, in the hope of providing important insights for the future development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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