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Yang M, Huang Y, Wu H, Li C, Ling S, Sun J, Shen H, Yue B, Zhang X. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:227-239. [PMID: 34985592 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes. IL1R2 was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL5 were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL5, CD3D, NFKBIA, TBX21, IL12RB2, and IL1R2 may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 623006, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
- Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Jin M, Li Z, Sun Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhao H, Yu Q. Association analysis between the interaction of RAS family genes mutations and papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Han Chinese population. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:441-447. [PMID: 33390813 PMCID: PMC7757130 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the major subtype of thyroid cancer, accounting for 75%-85% of all thyroid malignancies. This study aimed to identify the association between the interactions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAS family genes and PTC in the Han Chinese population, to provide clues to the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for PTC. Hap Map and NCBI-db SNP databases were used to retrieve SNPs. Haploview 4.2 software was used to filter SNPs based on specific parameters, six SNPs of RAS gene (KRAS-rs12427141, KRAS-rs712, KRAS-rs7315339, HRAS-rs12628, NRAS-rs14804 and NRAS-rs2273267) were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) in 673 PTC patients and 657 healthy controls, the interactive effect was evaluated by crossover analysis, logistic regression and GMDR software. We found that genetic mutation in rs712 have significant associations with PTC risk after Bonferroni correction (p<0.001). The interaction between KRAS-rs12427141 and HRAS-rs12628 increased the risk of PTC (U=-2.119, p<0.05), the interaction between KRAS-rs2273267 and HRAS-rs7315339 reduced the risk of PTC (U=2.195, p<0.05). GMDR analysis showed that the two-factor model (KRAS-rs712, NRAS-rs2273267) was the best (p=0.0107). Summarily, there are PTC-related interactions between RAS family genes polymorphisms in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Jin
- Nuclear Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Ethanolic Extract of Salvia hispanica L. Regulates Blood Pressure by Modulating the Expression of Genes Involved in BP-Regulatory Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173875. [PMID: 32858788 PMCID: PMC7504362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is considered to be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been directly related to pathologies such as obesity and dyslipidemias. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) blocked the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade diminishing the production of angiotensin II and the level of bradykinin, produced by the kallikrein-kinin system. Although ACEIs are effective therapeutics in regulating HT, they present several side-effects that can be due to their mechanism of action (as hypotension, cough, dizziness, light-headedness or hyperkalemia) to specific drug molecular structure (skin rash, neutropenia and tasting disorders) or due to associated pathologies in the patients (it has been considered a possible nephrotoxic effect when ACEIs are administered in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers, in patients that present comorbidities as diabetes, acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease). Therefore, it is necessary the searching for new products with ACEI activity that do not produce side effects. Interestingly, species of the plant genus Salvia have been found to possess hypotensive effects. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of the ethanolic extract of Salvia hispanica L. seeds (EESH) on the expression of genes involved in pathways regulating HT. Administration of EESH to hypertensive rats inhibited the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity along with a decrease in Ace and elevation of Agtr1a and Nos3 gene expression, as compared to that in healthy rats. Moreover, these results were similar to those observed with captopril, an antihypertensive drug used as a control. No significant change in the expression of Bdkrb2 gene was observed in the different groups of rats. To conclude, our results demonstrate that EESH regulates blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats through transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes that participate in different pathways involving ACE.
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Álvarez C, Lucia A, Ramírez-Campillo R, Martínez-Salazar C, Delgado-Floody P, Cadore EL, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. Low sleep time is associated with higher levels of blood pressure and fat mass in Amerindian schoolchildren. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23303. [PMID: 31361065 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While altered sleep patterns (ie, low sleep time) have been studied and reported in adults as a new cardiometabolic risk factor, less information is available on how sleep patterns impact children of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in relation to different levels of sleep time in schoolchildren of Amerindian Mapuche or European-ancestry of Southern Chile. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 540 Chilean schoolchildren (6-13 years) were divided into two ethnic groups (n = 119 Mapuche Amerindians and n = 421 European-ancestry). Groups were analyzed according to sleep time per day as registered by parents' report and distributed into quartile categories of sleep time: Mapuche (quartile 1 [Q1] ≥10.0 h, n = 34; Q2 9.5-10.0 h, n = 29; Q3 8.5-9.0 h, n = 31; and Q4 ≤ 8.5 h, n = 25), and European (Q1, n = 99; Q2, n = 77; Q3, n = 144; Q4, n = 101). The main cardiovascular parameters (systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure) were complemented with anthropometric/body composition (body mass, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiorespiratory (heart rate rest, oxygen saturation), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant and non-dominant arm) outcomes. RESULTS From Q1 and across Q2, Q3, and Q4, there was an increase in delta mean SBP in both Mapuche (Δ +17.6 mm Hg) and European (Δ +7.3 mm Hg) schoolchildren with 30-90 min of decreased sleep time (using ≥10 h as reference in Q1). The tendency for worsening of other cardiometabolic risk factors was maintained for delta mean BMI (Δ +2.6 kg/m2 ), waist circumference (Δ +12 cm), and fat mass (Δ +8.3%) in Mapuches, whereas European peers showed only worsened waist circumference (Δ +6 cm) across Q2, Q3, and Q4 in comparison with reference Q1. There was also a higher prevalence of hypertension in Mapuche (31.1%) compared to in European schoolchildren (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS Mapuche and European schoolchildren show higher levels of SBP with a decrease in sleep time of 30 min; however, there is a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity in ethnic Mapuches than in European schoolchildren. These findings indicate that more studies should be applied at early school ages for preventing low sleep time and their related cardiometabolic risk factors for hypertension development in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid and Research Institute 'i+12', Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martínez
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, District of Columbia, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, District of Columbia, Colombia.,Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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