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Orozco MI, Moreno P, Guevara M, Abonia R, Quiroga J, Insuasty B, Barreto M, Burbano ME, Crespo-Ortiz MDP. In silico prediction and in vitro assessment of novel heterocyclics with antimalarial activity. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:75. [PMID: 38155300 PMCID: PMC10754745 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antimalarials is paramount to keep the goals on reduction of malaria cases in endemic regions. The search for quality hits has been challenging as many inhibitory molecules may not progress to the next development stage. The aim of this work was to screen an in-house library of heterocyclic compounds (HCUV) for antimalarial activity combining computational predictions and phenotypic techniques to find quality hits. The physicochemical determinants, pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), and drug-likeness of HCUV were evaluated in silico, and compounds were selected for structure-based virtual screening and in vitro analysis. Seven Plasmodium target proteins were selected from the DrugBank Database, and ligands and receptors were processed using UCSF Chimera and Open Babel before being subjected to docking using Autodock Vina and Autodock 4. Growth inhibition of P. falciparum (3D7) cultures was tested by SYBR Green assays, and toxicity was assessed using hemolytic activity tests and the Galleria mellonella in vivo model. From a total of 792 compounds, 341 with good ADME properties, drug-likeness, and no interference structures were subjected to in vitro analysis. Eight compounds showed IC50 ranging from 0.175 to 0.990 µM, and active compounds included pyridyl-diaminopyrimido-diazepines, pyridyl-N-acetyl- and pyridyl-N-phenyl-pyrazoline derivatives. The most potent compound (UV802, IC50 0.178 µM) showed no toxicophoric and was predicted to interact with P. falciparum 1-cysperoxidredoxin (PfPrx1). For the remaining 7 hits (IC50 < 1 μM), 3 showed in silico binding to PfPrx1, one was predicted to bind the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase and plasmepsin II, and one interacted with the plasmodial heat shock protein 90.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Moreno
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Miguel Guevara
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Barreto
- Department of Microbiology, Group of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universidad del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, 760043, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Elena Burbano
- Department of Microbiology, Group of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universidad del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, 760043, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, Group of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universidad del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, 760043, Cali, Colombia.
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Esa SS, El-Sayed AF, El-Khonezy MI, Zhang S. Recombinant production, purification, and biochemical characterization of a novel L-lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus NRC1 and inhibition study of mangiferin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1165465. [PMID: 37091329 PMCID: PMC10117910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1165465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) is one of the vital glycolytic conditions, especially during anaerobic conditions. It is a significant diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarker parameter. A 950-bp DNA fragment containing the gene (LDH) encoding LDH was amplified from Bacillus cereus NRC1. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals that B. cereus LDH (Bc-LDH) is highly homologous to the LDHs of Bacillus organisms. All LDH enzymes have a significant degree of conservation in their active site and several additional domains with unidentified functions. The gene for LDH, which catalyzes lactate synthesis, was cloned, sequenced (accession number: LC706200.1), and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). In this investigation, Bc-LDH was purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 22.7 units/mg protein and a molecular weight of 35 kDa. It works optimally at pH 8.0. The purified enzyme was inhibited by FeCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, and NiCl, whereas CoCl2 was found to boost the activity of Bc-LDH. The molecular docking of the 3D model of the Bc-LDH structure with a natural inhibitor, mangiferin, demonstrated excellent LDH inhibition, with a free binding energy of −10.2 kcal/mol. Moreover, mangiferin is a potent Bc-LDH inhibitor that inhibits Bc-LDH competitively and has one binding site with a Ki value of 0.075 mM. The LDH-mangiferin interaction exhibits a low RMSF value (>1.5 Å), indicating a stable contact at the residues. This study will pave the way for more studies to improve the understanding of mangiferin, which could be considered an intriguing candidate for creating novel and improved LDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed S. Esa
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. El-Sayed
- Microbial Genetics Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. El-Khonezy
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Shubing Zhang,
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