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Zaranek M, Pérez-Pérez R, Milewska-Hendel A, Betekhtin A, Grzebelus E. Promotive effect of phytosulfokine - peptide growth factor - on protoplast cultures development in Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:385. [PMID: 37563739 PMCID: PMC10413615 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) is a valuable crop of great nutritional importance due to its high level of bioactive compounds. Excellent opportunities to obtain plants with the high level or the desired profile of valuable metabolites may be provided by in vitro cultures. Among known in vitro techniques, protoplast technology is an exciting tool for genetic manipulation to improve crop traits. In that context, protoplast fusion may be applied to generate hybrid cells between different species of Fagopyrum. To apply protoplast cultures to the aforementioned approaches in this research, we established the protoplast-to-plant system in Tartary buckwheat. RESULTS In this work, cellulase and pectinase activity enabled protoplast isolation from non-morphogenic and morphogenic callus (MC), reaching, on average, 2.3 × 106 protoplasts per g of fresh weight. However, to release protoplasts from hypocotyls, the key step was the application of driselase in the enzyme mixture. We showed that colony formation could be induced after protoplast embedding in agarose compared to the alginate matrix. Protoplasts cultured in a medium based on Kao and Michayluk supplemented with phytosulfokine (PSK) rebuilt cell walls, underwent repeated mitotic division, formed aggregates, which consequently led to callus formation. Plating efficiency, expressing the number of cell aggregate formed, in 10-day-old protoplast cultures varied from 14% for morphogenic callus to 30% for hypocotyls used as a protoplast source. However plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis occurred only during the cultivation of MC-derived protoplasts. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the applied protoplast isolation approach facilitated the recovery of viable protoplasts. Moreover, the embedding of protoplasts in an agarose matrix and supplementation of a culture medium with PSK effectively stimulated cell division and further development of Tartary buckwheat protoplast cultures along with the plant regeneration. Together, these results provide the first evidence of developing a protoplast-to-plant system from the MC of Fagopyrum tataricum used as source material. These findings suggest that Tartary buckwheat's protoplast cultures have potential implications for the species' somatic hybridization and genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaranek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska st, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Reneé Pérez-Pérez
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska st, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska st, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Alexander Betekhtin
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska st, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, 31-120, Poland.
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Zhang C, Jiang Y, Liu C, Shi L, Li J, Zeng Y, Guo L, Wang S. Identification of Medicinal Compounds of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizome from Different Origins and Its Varieties Using UPLC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090790. [PMID: 36144195 PMCID: PMC9503457 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagopyrum dibotrys, being native to southwest China, is widely distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing City. However, the quality of medicinal materials growing in different origins varies greatly, and cannot meet the market demand for high-quality F. dibotrys. In this study, 648 metabolites were identified, and phenolic compounds of F. dibotrys from different origins were clearly separated by principal component analysis (PCA). Our results suggested that the medicinal differences of F. dibotrys from different origins can be elucidated via the variations in the abundance of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds. We found that the epicatechin, total flavonoids and total tannin content in Yunnan Qujing (YQ) and Yunnan Kunming (YK) were higher than those in Chongqing Shizhu (CS), Chongqing Fuling (CF) and Guizhou Bijie (GB), suggesting that Yunnan Province can be considered as one of the areas that produce high-quality medicinal materials. Additionally, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2,3-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose and gallic acid could be used as ideal marker compounds for the quality control of F. dibotrys from different origins caused by metabolites, and the F. dibotrys planted in Yunnan Province is well worth exploiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China
| | - Changzheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Linyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jintong Li
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.W.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.W.)
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Luthar Z, Fabjan P, Mlinarič K. Biotechnological Methods for Buckwheat Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1547. [PMID: 34451594 PMCID: PMC8399956 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fagopyrum genus includes two cultivated species, namely common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.), and more than 25 wild buckwheat species. The goal of breeders is to improve the properties of cultivated buckwheat with methods of classical breeding, with the support of biotechnological methods or a combination of both. In this paper, we reviewed the possibility to use transcriptomics, genomics, interspecific hybridization, tissue cultures and plant regeneration, molecular markers, genetic transformation, and genome editing to aid in both the breeding of buckwheat and in the identification and production of metabolites important for preserving human health. The key problems in buckwheat breeding are the unknown mode of inheritance of most traits, associated with crop yield and the synthesis of medicinal compounds, low seed yield, shedding of seeds, differential flowering and seed set on branches, and unknown action of genes responsible for the synthesis of buckwheat metabolites of pharmaceutical and medicinal interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Primož Fabjan
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Changes in Agricultural Performance of Common Buckwheat Induced by Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) and an electromagnetic field (EMF) on the agricultural performance of two cultivars of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)—‘VB Vokiai’ and ‘VB Nojai’. For this, the effects of CP and EMF on seed germination, plant growth in the field, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass production, seed yield, and the amount of secondary metabolites and minerals in the harvested seeds were estimated. Although the percentage of seedlings that emerged under field conditions decreased by 11–20%, seed treatments strongly improved buckwheat growth and yield. Irrespective of differences in the dynamics of changes in the growth and photosynthetic activity between the two cultivars, the weight of seeds collected per plant for both cultivars was significantly higher (up to 70–97%) compared to the control. The biochemical composition of the harvested seeds (Fe, Zn, quercetin content) was also altered by seed treatments. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of buckwheat seeds with CP and EMF substantially stimulated plant growth in the field, increased biomass production, seed yield and nutritional quality. The results obtained strongly support the idea that plant seed treatment with physical stressors has great potential for use in agriculture.
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Logacheva MD, Schelkunov MI, Fesenko AN, Kasianov AS, Penin AA. Mitochondrial Genome of Fagopyrum esculentum and the Genetic Diversity of Extranuclear Genomes in Buckwheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E618. [PMID: 32408719 PMCID: PMC7285332 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) is an important agricultural non-cereal grain plant. Despite extensive genetic studies, the information on its mitochondrial genome is still lacking. Using long reads generated by single-molecule real-time technology coupled with circular consensus sequencing (CCS) protocol, we assembled the buckwheat mitochondrial genome and detected that its prevalent form consists of 10 circular chromosomes with a total length of 404 Kb. In order to confirm the presence of a multipartite structure, we developed a new targeted assembly tool capable of processing long reads. The mitogenome contains all genes typical for plant mitochondrial genomes and long inserts of plastid origin (~6.4% of the total mitogenome length). Using this new information, we characterized the genetic diversity of mitochondrial and plastid genomes in 11 buckwheat cultivars compared with the ancestral subspecies, F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale. We found it to be surprisingly low within cultivars: Only three to six variations in the mitogenome and one to two in the plastid genome. In contrast, the divergence with F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale is much higher: 220 positions differ in the mitochondrial genome and 159 in the plastid genome. The SNPs in the plastid genome are enriched in non-synonymous substitutions, in particular in the genes involved in photosynthesis: psbA, psbC, and psbH. This presumably reflects the selection for the increased photosynthesis efficiency as a part of the buckwheat breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Logacheva
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.S.); (A.S.K.); (A.A.P.)
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Schelkunov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.S.); (A.S.K.); (A.A.P.)
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey N. Fesenko
- Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops, 302502 Orel, Russia;
| | - Artem S. Kasianov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.S.); (A.S.K.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Aleksey A. Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.S.); (A.S.K.); (A.A.P.)
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Chen Z, Yu L, Cai X, Ye F, Jin P. Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway is involved in activating microphages by polysaccharides isolated from Fagopyrum esculentum. Bioengineered 2020; 10:538-547. [PMID: 31661653 PMCID: PMC6844372 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1682214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat polysaccharide fractions (BPFs) isolated from seeds of Fagopyrum esculentum have shown extensive immunomodulatory activities including activation of immune system. In this study, the immuno-modulation effects of BPFs on microphages were investigated. The obtained results show that BPFs can activate microphages as indicated by significant increases in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (12.6 ± 1.30 U/mg prot), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein levels, and secretion of nitric oxide (NO) (21.5 ± 1.20 μmol/ml) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (71.2 ± 18.20 pg/ml). Moreover, blocking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway using a specific antibody to TLR4 or inhibitor of NF-κB led to the significant inhibitory immuno-modulation effect on microphages as indicated by the decrease in the secretion level of NO and TNF-α. It is demonstrated that BPFs can activate microphages and TLR4/NF-κB pathway is involved in the induction of NO and TNF-α in macrophages by BPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Xiaoniao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Fangpeng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
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Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, Cruz-García F, McClure B, Romero C. Self-(In)compatibility Systems: Target Traits for Crop-Production, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32265945 PMCID: PMC7098457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on specific discrimination between self- and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes outcrossing and avoids inbreeding it is a widespread mechanism of controlling sexual plant reproduction. Growers and breeders have effectively exploited SI as a tool for manipulating domesticated crops for thousands of years. However, only within the past thirty years have studies begun to elucidate the underlying molecular features of SI. The specific S-determinants and some modifier factors controlling SI have been identified in the sporophytic system exhibited by Brassica species and in the two very distinct gametophytic systems present in Papaveraceae on one side and in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae on the other. Molecular level studies have enabled SI to SC transitions (and vice versa) to be intentionally manipulated using marker assisted breeding and targeted approaches based on transgene integration, silencing, and more recently CRISPR knock-out of SI-related factors. These scientific advances have, in turn, provided a solid basis to implement new crop production and plant breeding practices. Applications of self-(in)compatibility include widely differing objectives such as crop yield and quality improvement, marker-assisted breeding through SI genotyping, and development of hybrids for overcoming intra- and interspecific reproductive barriers. Here, we review scientific progress as well as patented applications of SI, and also highlight future prospects including further elucidation of SI systems, deepening our understanding of SI-environment relationships, and new perspectives on plant self/non-self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Romero,
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Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) under Salinity Stress. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100225. [PMID: 31614965 PMCID: PMC6835380 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is a nutritional crop, which has high flavonoid content. However, buckwheat is a salt sensitive glycophyte cereal crop and the growth and grain yield of buckwheat are significantly affected by soil salinity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of salt treated-buckwheat to understand the effects of salinity on buckwheat. A total of 50,681,938 clean reads were acquired from all samples. We acquired 94,950 unigenes with a mean length of 1133 bp and N50 length of 1900 bp assembly. Of these, 63,305 unigenes (66.7%) were matched in public databases. Comparison of the transcriptome expression patterns between control and salt treated groups showed that 4098 unigenes were up-regulated and 3292 unigenes were down-regulated significantly. Further, we found that genes involved with amino acid, lipid and nucleotide metabolism were most responsive to salt stress. Additionally, many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis changed significantly following treatment. Those affected included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Chromatographic analysis was used to examine the differences in concentration of flavonoids, carotenoids, amino acids and organic acids in the samples following treatment. There was a significant increase in rutin (12.115 mg/g dry weight), following salt stress; whereas, six carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, 13Z-β-carotene, α-carotene, E-β-carotene and 9Z-β-carotene) did not significantly respond to salt stress. Ultimately, our data acts as a valuable resource for future research on buckwheat and can be used as the basis for future analysis focused on gene-to-metabolite networks in buckwheat.
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Oh MJ, Choi HD, Ha SK, Choi I, Park HY. Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide fraction isolated from Fagopyrum esculentum on innate immune system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1210-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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