1
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Gong Z, Zhang W, Chen J, Li J, Tan T. Upcycling CO2 into succinic acid via electrochemical and engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130956. [PMID: 38871229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Converting CO2 into value-added chemicals still remains a grand challenge. Succinic acid has long been considered as one of the top building block chemicals. This study reported efficiently upcycling CO2 into succinic acid by combining between electrochemical and engineered Escherichia coli. In this process, the Cu-organic framework catalyst was synthesized for electrocatalytic CO2-to-ethanol conversion with high Faradaic efficiency (FE, 84.7 %) and relative purity (RP, 95 wt%). Subsequently, an engineered E. coli with efficiently assimilating CO2-derived ethanol to produce succinic acid was constructed by combining computational design and metabolic engineering, and the succinic acid titer reached 53.8 mM with the yield of 0.41 mol/mol, which is 82 % of the theoretical yield. This study effort to link the two processes of efficient ethanol synthesis by electrocatalytic CO2 and succinic acid production from CO2-derived ethanol, paving a way for the production of succinic acid and other value-added chemicals by converting CO2 into ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Gong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingchuan Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Jiang J, Luo Y, Fei P, Zhu Z, Peng J, Lu J, Zhu D, Wu H. Effect of adaptive laboratory evolution of engineered Escherichia coli in acetate on the biosynthesis of succinic acid from glucose in two-stage cultivation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:34. [PMID: 38647614 PMCID: PMC10997558 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli MLB (MG1655 ΔpflB ΔldhA), which can hardly grow on glucose with little succinate accumulation under anaerobic conditions. Two-stage fermentation is a fermentation in which the first stage is used for cell growth and the second stage is used for product production. The ability of glucose consumption and succinate production of MLB under anaerobic conditions can be improved significantly by using acetate as the solo carbon source under aerobic condition during the two-stage fermentation. Then, the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of growing on acetate was applied here. We assumed that the activities of succinate production related enzymes might be further improved in this study. E. coli MLB46-05 evolved from MLB and it had an improved growth phenotype on acetate. Interestingly, in MLB46-05, the yield and tolerance of succinic acid in the anaerobic condition of two-stage fermentation were improved significantly. According to transcriptome analysis, upregulation of the glyoxylate cycle and the activity of stress regulatory factors are the possible reasons for the elevated yield. And the increased tolerance to acetate made it more tolerant to high concentrations of glucose and succinate. Finally, strain MLB46-05 produced 111 g/L of succinic acid with a product yield of 0.74 g/g glucose. SYNOPSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhengtong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Juefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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3
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Mitrea L, Teleky BE, Nemes SA, Plamada D, Varvara RA, Pascuta MS, Ciont C, Cocean AM, Medeleanu M, Nistor A, Rotar AM, Pop CR, Vodnar DC. Succinic acid - A run-through of the latest perspectives of production from renewable biomass. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25551. [PMID: 38327454 PMCID: PMC10848017 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) production is continuously rising, as its applications in diverse end-product generation are getting broader and more expansive. SA is an eco-friendly bulk product that acts as a valuable intermediate in different processes and might substitute other petrochemical-based products due to the inner capacity of microbes to biosynthesize it. Moreover, large amounts of SA can be obtained through biotechnological ways starting from renewable resources, imprinting at the same time the concept of a circular economy. In this context, the target of the present review paper is to bring an overview of SA market demands, production, biotechnological approaches, new strategies of production, and last but not least, the possible limitations and the latest perspectives in terms of natural biosynthesis of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitrea
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia-Amalia Nemes
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Plamada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica-Anita Varvara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Stefana Pascuta
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calina Ciont
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Cocean
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Medeleanu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Nistor
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta-Mihaela Rotar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen-Rodica Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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4
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Hassani L, Moosavi MR, Setoodeh P, Zare H. FastKnock: an efficient next-generation approach to identify all knockout strategies for strain optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:37. [PMID: 38287320 PMCID: PMC10823710 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of desired native or nonnative biochemical(s) in (micro)organisms can be achieved through metabolic engineering. Appropriate rewiring of cell metabolism is performed by making rational changes such as insertion, up-/down-regulation and knockout of genes and consequently metabolic reactions. Finding appropriate targets (including proper sets of reactions to be knocked out) for metabolic engineering to design optimal production strains has been the goal of a number of computational algorithms. We developed FastKnock, an efficient next-generation algorithm for identifying all possible knockout strategies (with a predefined maximum number of reaction deletions) for the growth-coupled overproduction of biochemical(s) of interest. We achieve this by developing a special depth-first traversal algorithm that allows us to prune the search space significantly. This leads to a drastic reduction in execution time. We evaluate the performance of the FastKnock algorithm using various Escherichia coli genome-scale metabolic models in different conditions (minimal and rich mediums) for the overproduction of a number of desired metabolites. FastKnock efficiently prunes the search space to less than 0.2% for quadruple- and 0.02% for quintuple-reaction knockouts. Compared to the classic approaches such as OptKnock and the state-of-the-art techniques such as MCSEnumerator methods, FastKnock found many more beneficial and important practical solutions. The availability of all the solutions provides the opportunity to further characterize, rank and select the most appropriate intervention strategy based on any desired evaluation index. Our implementation of the FastKnock method in Python is publicly available at https://github.com/leilahsn/FastKnock .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hassani
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Moosavi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Payam Setoodeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
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5
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Mutyala S, Li S, Khandelwal H, Kong DS, Kim JR. Citrate Synthase Overexpression of Pseudomonas putida Increases Succinate Production from Acetate in Microaerobic Cultivation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26231-26242. [PMID: 37521642 PMCID: PMC10373214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Acetate is an end-product of anaerobic biodegradation and one of the major metabolites of microbial fermentation and lingo-cellulosic hydrolysate. Recently, acetate has been highlighted as a feedstock to produce value-added chemicals. This study examined acetate conversion to succinate by citrate synthase (gltA)-overexpressed Pseudomonas putida under microaerobic conditions. The acetate metabolism is initiated with the gltA enzyme, which converts acetyl-CoA to citrate. gltA-overexpressing P. putida (gltA-KT) showed an ∼50% improvement in succinate production compared to the wild type. Under the optimal pH of 7.5, the accumulation of succinate (4.73 ± 0.6 mM in 36 h) was ∼400% higher than that of the wild type. Overall, gltA overexpression alone resulted in 9.5% of the maximum theoretical yield in a minimal medium with acetate as the sole carbon source. This result shows that citrate synthase is important in acetate conversion to succinate by P. putida under microaerobic conditions.
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6
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Hassani L, Moosavi MR, Setoodeh P, Zare H. FastKnock: An efficient next-generation approach to identify all knockout strategies for strain optimization. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3126389. [PMID: 37503204 PMCID: PMC10371132 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3126389/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of desired native or nonnative biochemical(s) in (micro)organisms can be achieved through metabolic engineering. Appropriate rewiring of cell metabolism is performed making rational changes such as insertion, up-/down-regulation and knockout of genes and consequently metabolic reactions. Finding appropriate targets (including proper sets of reactions to be knocked out) for metabolic engineering to design optimal production strains has been the goal of a number of computational algorithms. We developed FastKnock, an efficient next-generation algorithm for identifying all possible knockout strategies for the growth-coupled overproduction of biochemical(s) of interest. We achieve this by developing a special depth-first traversal algorithm that allows us to prune the search space significantly. This leads to a drastic reduction in execution time. We evaluate the performance of the FastKnock algorithm using three Escherichia coli genome-scale metabolic models in different conditions (minimal and rich mediums) for the overproduction of a number of desired metabolites. FastKnock efficiently prunes the search space to less than 0.2% for quadruple and 0.02% for quintuple-reaction knockouts. Compared to the classic approaches such as OptKnock and the state-of-the-art techniques such as MCSEnumerator methods, FastKnock found many more useful and important practical solutions. The availability of all the solutions provides the opportunity to further characterize and select the most appropriate intervention strategy based on any desired evaluation index. Our implementation of the FastKnock method in Python is publicly available at https://github.com/leilahsn/FastKnock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Habil Zare
- University of Texas Health Science Center
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7
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Zhou S, Ding N, Han R, Deng Y. Metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies for producing organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by microbial cell factories. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128986. [PMID: 37001700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway are important platform compounds and are widely used in many areas. The high-productivity strains and high-efficient and low-cost fermentation are required to satisfy a huge market size. The high metabolic flux of the TCA pathway endows microorganisms potential to produce high titers of these organic acids. Coupled with metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization, the titer of the organic acids has been significantly improved in recent years. Herein, we discuss and compare the recent advances in synthetic pathway engineering, cofactor engineering, transporter engineering, and fermentation optimization strategies to maximize the biosynthesis of organic acids. Such engineering strategies were mainly based on the TCA pathway and glyoxylate pathway. Furthermore, organic-acid-secretion enhancement and renewable-substrate-based fermentation are often performed to assist the biosynthesis of organic acids. Further strategies are also discussed to construct high-productivity and acid-resistant strains for industrial large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Nana Ding
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Runhua Han
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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8
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Ding Q, Ye C. Recent advances in producing food additive L-malate: Chassis, substrate, pathway, fermentation regulation and application. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:709-725. [PMID: 36604311 PMCID: PMC10034640 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to being an important intermediate in the TCA cycle, L-malate is also widely used in the chemical and beverage industries. Due to the resulting high demand, numerous studies investigated chemical methods to synthesize L-malate from petrochemical resources, but such approaches are hampered by complex downstream processing and environmental pollution. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop microbial methods for environmentally-friendly and economical L-malate biosynthesis. The rapid progress and understanding of DNA manipulation, cell physiology, and cell metabolism can improve industrial L-malate biosynthesis by applying intelligent biochemical strategies and advanced synthetic biology tools. In this paper, we mainly focused on biotechnological approaches for enhancing L-malate synthesis, encompassing the microbial chassis, substrate utilization, synthesis pathway, fermentation regulation, and industrial application. This review emphasizes the application of novel metabolic engineering strategies and synthetic biology tools combined with a deep understanding of microbial physiology to improve industrial L-malate biosynthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Liu X, Zhao G, Sun S, Fan C, Feng X, Xiong P. Biosynthetic Pathway and Metabolic Engineering of Succinic Acid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:843887. [PMID: 35350186 PMCID: PMC8957974 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.843887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid produced as an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is one of the most important platform chemicals for the production of various high value-added derivatives. As traditional chemical synthesis processes suffer from nonrenewable resources and environment pollution, succinic acid biosynthesis has drawn increasing attention as a viable, more environmentally friendly alternative. To date, several metabolic engineering approaches have been utilized for constructing and optimizing succinic acid cell factories. In this review, different succinic acid biosynthesis pathways are summarized, with a focus on the key enzymes and metabolic engineering approaches, which mainly include redirecting carbon flux, balancing NADH/NAD+ ratios, and optimizing CO2 supplementation. Finally, future perspectives on the microbial production of succinic acid are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiutao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengjie Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chuanle Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjun Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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10
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Hong Y, Zeng AP. Biosynthesis Based on One-Carbon Mixotrophy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 180:351-371. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Wei Z, Xu Y, Xu Q, Cao W, Huang H, Liu H. Microbial Biosynthesis of L-Malic Acid and Related Metabolic Engineering Strategies: Advances and Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:765685. [PMID: 34660563 PMCID: PMC8511312 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.765685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malic acid, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid, is widely used in the food, chemical and medical industries. As an intermediate of the TCA cycle, malic acid is one of the most promising building block chemicals that can be produced from renewable sources. To date, chemical synthesis or enzymatic conversion of petrochemical feedstocks are still the dominant mode for malic acid production. However, with increasing concerns surrounding environmental issues in recent years, microbial fermentation for the production of L-malic acid was extensively explored as an eco-friendly production process. The rapid development of genetic engineering has resulted in some promising strains suitable for large-scale bio-based production of malic acid. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments, including a spectrum of wild-type, mutant, laboratory-evolved and metabolically engineered microorganisms for malic acid production. The technological progress in the fermentative production of malic acid is presented. Metabolic engineering strategies for malic acid production in various microorganisms are particularly reviewed. Biosynthetic pathways, transport of malic acid, elimination of byproducts and enhancement of metabolic fluxes are discussed and compared as strategies for improving malic acid production, thus providing insights into the current state of malic acid production, as well as further research directions for more efficient and economical microbial malic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxue Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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12
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Halling PJ. Thermodynamic Favorability of End Products of Anaerobic Glucose Metabolism. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15843-15849. [PMID: 32656405 PMCID: PMC7345408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The eQuilibrator component contribution method allows calculation of the overall Gibbs energy changes for conversion of glucose to a wide range of final products in the absence of other oxidants. Values are presented for all possible combinations of products with up to three carbons and selected others. The most negative Gibbs energy change is for the formation of graphite and water (-499 kJ mol-1) followed by CH4 and CO2 (-430 kJ mol-1), the observed final products of anaerobic digestion. Other favored products (with various combinations having Gibbs energy changes between -300 and -367 kJ mol-1) are short-chain alkanes, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and even hexane and benzene. The most familiar products, lactate and ethanol + CO2, are less favored (Gibbs energy changes of -206 and -265 kJ mol-1 respectively). The values presented offer an interesting perspective on observed metabolism and its evolutionary origins as well as on cells engineered for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Halling
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure
& Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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13
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The effects of kanamycin concentration on gene transcription levels in Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:93. [PMID: 32099734 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the area of microbial production of valuable chemicals, plasmids have been widely applied for overexpressing rate-limiting enzymes with high yields. However, the effect of antibiotic concentrations on the transcription of target genes in E. coli is less involved in previous reports. In this study, we constructed E. coli strains expressing the reporter gene and the kanamycin resistant gene in an operon, and analyzed the transcription levels of the reporter gene and the fluorescent intensity of the recombinant E. coli under different kanamycin concentrations. We found that the growth and gene transcription of the recombinant strain were affected obviously by the concentration of kanamycin, indicating the importance of fine-tuning of antibiotic concentrations in microbial fermentation.
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Li G, Huang D, Sui X, Li S, Huang B, Zhang X, Wu H, Deng Y. Advances in microbial production of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids for nylon materials. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids (MDCAs) are widely used in the production of nylon materials, and among which, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and sebacic acids are particularly important for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Dixuan Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Xue Sui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Shiyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF)
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology
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15
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Direct production of commodity chemicals from lignocellulose using Myceliophthora thermophila. Metab Eng 2019; 61:416-426. [PMID: 31078793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of fuels and chemicals from renewable plant biomass has been proposed as a feasible strategy for global sustainable development. However, the economic efficiency of biorefineries is low. Here, through metabolic engineering, Myceliophthora thermophila, a cellulolytic thermophilic fungus, was constructed into a platform that can efficiently convert lignocellulose into important bulk chemicals-four carbon 1, 4-diacids (malic and succinic acid), building blocks for biopolymers-without the need for extra hydrolytic enzymes. Titers of >200 g/L from crystalline cellulose and 110 g/L from plant biomass (corncob) were achieved during fed-batch fermentation. Our study represents a milestone in consolidated bioprocessing technology and offers a new and promising system for the cost-effective production of chemicals and fuels from biomass.
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16
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Hu G, Li Y, Ye C, Liu L, Chen X. Engineering Microorganisms for Enhanced CO 2 Sequestration. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:532-547. [PMID: 30447878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial CO2 sequestration not only provides a green and sustainable approach for ameliorating global warming but also simultaneously produces biofuels and chemicals. However, the efficiency of microbial CO2 fixation is still very low. In addition, concomitant microbial CO2 emission decreases the carbon yield of desired chemicals. To address these issues, strategies including engineering CO2-fixing pathways and energy-harvesting systems have been developed to improve the efficiency of CO2 fixation in autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Furthermore, metabolic pathways and energy metabolism can be rewired to reduce microbial CO2 emissions and increase the carbon yield of value-added products. This review highlights the potential of biotechnology to promote microbial CO2 sequestration and provides guidance for the broader use of microorganisms as attractive carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guipeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; http://www.fmme.cn/
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; http://www.fmme.cn/
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; http://www.fmme.cn/
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; http://www.fmme.cn/.
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17
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Escherichia coli as a host for metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2018; 50:16-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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McDonald NC, White RL. Reduction of Fumarate to Succinate Mediated by Fusobacterium varium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:163-175. [PMID: 29911265 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of succinate as a fermentation product of Fusobacterium varium was enhanced when the anaerobic bacterium was grown on complex peptone medium supplemented with fumarate. Residual substrates and fermentation products were determined by proton NMR spectroscopy. Cells collected from the fumarate-supplemented medium (8-10 h after inoculation) supported the conversion of fumarate to succinate when suspended with fumarate and a co-substrate (glucose, sorbitol, or glycerol). Succinate production was limited by the availability of fumarate or reducing equivalents supplied by catabolism of a co-substrate via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway. The choice of reducing co-substrate influenced the yield of acetate and lactate as side products. High conversions of fumarate to succinate were achieved over pH 6.6-8.2 and initial fumarate concentrations up to 300 mM. However, at high substrate concentrations, intracellular retention of succinate reduced extracellular yields. Overall, the efficient utilization of fumarate (≤ 400 mM) combined with the significant extracellular accumulation of succinate (corresponding to ≥ 70% conversion) indicated the effective utilization of fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor by F. varium and the potential of the methodology for the bioproduction of succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robert L White
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Production of Bioplastic Compounds by Genetically Manipulated and Metabolic Engineered Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:155-169. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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