1
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu G, Shen J, Chen G, Mei X, Chang Y, Xue C. The α-linkage in funoran and agarose could be hydrolyzed by a GH96 family enzyme: Discovery of the α-funoranase. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122201. [PMID: 38763726 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Agarans represent a group of galactans extracted from red algae. Funoran and agarose are the two major types and commercially applied polysaccharides of agaran. Although the glycoside hydrolases targeting β-glycosidic bonds of agaran have been widely investigated, those capable of degrading α-glycosidic bonds of agarose were limited, and the enzyme degrading α-linkages of funoran has not been reported till now. In this study, a GH96 family enzyme BiAF96A_Aq from a marine bacterium Aquimarina sp. AD1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. BiAF96A_Aq exhibited dual activities towards the characteristic structure of funoran and agarose, underscoring the multifunctionality of GH96 family members. Glycomics and NMR analysis revealed that BiAF96A_Aq hydrolyzed the α-1,3 glycosidic bonds between 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactopyranose (LA) and β-d-galactopyranose-6-sulfate (G6S) of funoran, as well as LA and β-d-galactopyranose (G) of agarose, through an endo-acting manner. The end products of BiAF96A_Aq were majorly composed of disaccharides and tetrasaccharides. The identification of the activity of BiAF96A_Aq on funoran indicated the first discovery of the funoran hydrolase for α-1,3 linkage. Considering the novel catalytic reaction, we proposed to name this activity as "α-funoranase" and recommended the assignment of a dedicated EC number for its classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Long Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guanchen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guangning Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xuanwei Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Jiang C, Wang W, Sun J, Hao J, Mao X. Comparative Study on Enzymatic Characteristics of Two κ-Carrageenases from Carrageenan-Degrading Bacterium Catenovulum agarivorans DS2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12665-12672. [PMID: 38775811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase plays an important role in achieving the high-value utilization of carrageenan. Factors such as the reaction temperature, thermal stability, catalytic efficiency, and product composition are key considerations for its large-scale application. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal noncatalytic domains (nonCDs) could influence the enzymatic properties, of κ-carrageenases, providing a strategy for exploring κ-carrageenases with different properties, especially catalytic products. Accordingly, two κ-carrageenases (CaKC16A and CaKC16B), from the Catenovulum agarivorans DS2, were selected and further characterized. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that CaKC16A contained a nonCD but CaKC16B did not. CaKC16A exhibited better enzymatic properties than CaKC16B, including thermal stability, substrate affinity, and catalytic efficiency. After truncation of the nonCD of CaKC16A, its thermal stability, substrate affinity, and catalytic efficiency have significantly decreased, indicating the vital role of nonCD in maintaining a good enzymatic property. Moreover, CaKC16A degraded κ-carrageenan to produce a highly single κ-neocarratetrose, while CaKC16B produced a single κ-neocarrabiose. CaKC16A could degrade β/κ-carrageenan to produce a highly single desulfated κ-neocarrahexaose, while CaKC16B produced κ-neocarrabiose and desulfated κ-neocarratetrose. Furthermore, it was proposed that CaKC16A and CaKC16B participate in the B/KC metabolic pathway and serve different roles, providing new insight into obtaining κ-carrageenases with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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3
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Cavalcante J, Oldal DG, Peskov MV, Beke AK, Hardian R, Schwingenschlögl U, Szekely G. Biobased Interpenetrating Polymer Network Membranes for Sustainable Molecular Sieving. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7433-7443. [PMID: 38377377 PMCID: PMC10938919 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for sustainable alternatives to fossil-based polymer materials. Through nanodomain engineering, we developed, without using toxic cross-linking agents, interpenetrating biopolymer network membranes from natural compounds that have opposing polarity in water. Agarose and natural rubber latex were consecutively self-assembled and self-cross-linked to form patchlike nanodomains. Both nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy and computational methods revealed the biopolymers' molecular-level entanglement. The membranes exhibited excellent solvent resistance and offered tunable molecular sieving. We demonstrated control over separation performance in the range of 227-623 g mol-1 via two methodologies: adjusting the molecular composition of the membranes and activating them in water. A carcinogenic impurity at a concentration of 5 ppm, which corresponds to the threshold of toxicological concern, was successfully purged at a negligible 0.56% pharmaceutical loss. The biodegradable nature of the membranes enables an environmentally friendly end-of-life phase; therefore, the membranes have a sustainable lifecycle from cradle to grave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Cavalcante
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana G. Oldal
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Maxim V. Peskov
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aron K. Beke
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Rifan Hardian
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyorgy Szekely
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering
Division (PSE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
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4
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Muta M, Kawakubo W, Yoon DH, Tanaka D, Sekiguchi T, Shoji S, Ito M, Hatada Y, Funatsu T, Iizuka R. Deformability-Based Microfluidic Microdroplet Screening to Obtain Agarolytic Bacterial Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16107-16114. [PMID: 37877901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental microorganisms possess enzymes that can digest macromolecules such as agarose into smaller molecules that can be utilized for growth. These enzymes could be valuable for the effective utilization of global resources. However, since most of the microorganisms on Earth remain uncultured, there is significant untapped enzymatic potential in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative tools and strategies for exploring these enzymatic resources. To address this, we developed a method for screening microbial cells that secrete hydrogel-degrading enzymes using deformability-based microfluidic microdroplet sorting. In this method, microbial cells are encapsulated as single cells in water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets with a hydrogel whose shape becomes deformable as the hydrogel is progressively degraded into smaller molecules. Screening is achieved using a microfluidic device that passively sorts the deformed W/O microdroplets. Using this method, we successfully sorted agarose-containing microdroplets, encapsulating single bacterial cells that hydrolyzed agarose. This method can be used to screen various hydrogel-degrading microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Muta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawakubo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Mei Ito
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya-shi 369-0293, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatada
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya-shi 369-0293, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryo Iizuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Kim J, Kim EJ, Ko HJ, Lee YH, Hong SK, Shin M, Lee JH, Kwak W. Construction of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) mutants that exclusively produce NA4/NA6 intermediates of agarose metabolism through mutation induction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18968. [PMID: 37923760 PMCID: PMC10624881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NA4/NA6, an intermediate degradation product of β-agarase, is a high value-added product with anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. Therefore, a method that enables the efficient production of NA4/NA6 would be useful from economic and medical perspectives. In this study, we aimed to generate a Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) mutant M22-2C43 that produces NA4/NA6 as a final product; this method serves as a more efficient alternative to the enzymatic conversion of β-agarase for the generation of these products. The M22-2C43 strain was generated through two rounds of mutagenesis and screening for increased β-agarase activity and effective production of NA4/NA6. We assembled the complete genomes of two mutants, M22 and M22-2C43, which were identified following a two-round screening. Large and small genetic changes were found in these two mutants, including the loss of two plasmids present in wild-type S. coelicolor A3(2) and chromosome circularization of mutant M22-2C43. These findings suggest that mutant M22-2C43 can produce NA4/NA6 as a degradation product due to functional inactivation of the dagB gene through a point mutation (G474A), ultimately preventing further degradation of NA4/NA6 to NA2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a microbial strain that can effectively produce NA4/NA6 as the main degradation product of β-agarase, opening the door for the use of this species for the large-scale production of this valuable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Dyne Bio Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Ko
- Dyne Bio Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Lee
- Dyne Bio Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kwang Hong
- Department of Biological Science and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-Ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, 17058, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Miyoung Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Je Hyeon Lee
- Dyne Bio Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, 13209, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woori Kwak
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Aguinaga Martínez MV, Domini CE, Acebal CC. Preparation of a single and reusable biopolymer-based film for the extraction and preconcentration of anti-inflammatory drugs from environmental water samples. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9055-9064. [PMID: 36950076 PMCID: PMC10025811 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals of green chemistry is to reduce the use of toxic materials and the generation of hazardous waste, both during method development and in the synthesis of the materials used. Thus, a biodegradable, single and reusable material composed of agarose and multi-walled carbon nanotubes was proposed. The film preparation was carefully optimized in order to obtain a one-piece sorbent, with high extraction efficiency and the possibility of reuse. The film was tested in the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketorolac, ketoprofen and piroxicam) from environmental water samples. The optimal extraction parameters were as follows: isopropyl alcohol as the activation solvent, a sample pH value of 3.0, extraction time of 30 min, 2.00 mL of acetonitrile as the eluent, an elution time of 5 minutes, and a sample volume of 250.00 mL. Under these conditions, the film was reusable 50 times without losing its extraction capacity significantly. HPLC with a photodiode array detector was used for the separation and determination. The method presented a linear range between 0.10 and 1.2 μg L-1, good sensitivity with limits of detection between 0.0075 and 0.0089 μg L-1, and quantification between 0.025 and 0.030 μg L-1. In addition, low RSD values (0.46-3.13%) were obtained demonstrating satisfactory precision. Stream water samples were analyzed, and recoveries between 82.0 and 109.0% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite V Aguinaga Martínez
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
| | - Claudia E Domini
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
| | - Carolina C Acebal
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET Av. Alem 1253 Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
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7
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Mittal N, Ojanguren A, Kundu D, Lizundia E, Niederberger M. Bottom-Up Design of a Green and Transient Zinc-Ion Battery with Ultralong Lifespan. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206249. [PMID: 36436829 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transient batteries are expected to lessen the inherent environmental impact of traditional batteries that rely on toxic and critical raw materials. This work presents the bottom-up design of a fully transient Zn-ion battery (ZIB) made of nontoxic and earth-abundant elements, including a novel hydrogel electrolyte prepared by cross-linking agarose and carboxymethyl cellulose. Facilitated by a high ionic conductivity and a high positive zinc-ion species transference number, the optimized hydrogel electrolyte enables stable cycling of the Zn anode with a lifespan extending over 8500 h for 0.25 mA cm-2 - 0.25 mAh cm-2 . On pairing with a biocompatible organic polydopamine-based cathode, the full cell ZIB delivers a capacity of 196 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 and a capacity of 110 mAh g-1 after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1 . A transient ZIB with a biodegradable agarose casing displays an open circuit voltage of 1.123 V and provides a specific capacity of 157 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g-1 . After completing its service life, the battery can disintegrate under composting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Mittal
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alazne Ojanguren
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dipan Kundu
- LBRI, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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8
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Long J, Ye Z, Li X, Tian Y, Bai Y, Chen L, Qiu C, Xie Z, Jin Z, Svensson B. Enzymatic preparation and potential applications of agar oligosaccharides: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5818-5834. [PMID: 36547517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides derived from agar, that is, agarooligosaccharides and neoagarooligosaccharides, have demonstrated various kinds of bioactivities which have been utilized in a variety of fields. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a feasible approach that principally allows for obtaining specific agar oligosaccharides in a sustainable way at an industrial scale. This review summarizes recent technologies employed to improve the properties of agarase. Additionally, the relationship between the degree of polymerization, bioactivities, and potential applications of agar-derived oligosaccharides for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural industries are discussed. Engineered agarase exhibited general improvement of enzymatic performance, which is mostly achieved by truncation. Rational and semi-rational design assisted by computational methods present the latest strategy for agarase improvement with greatest potential to satisfy future industrial needs. Agarase immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles via covalent bond formation showed characteristics well suited for industry. Additionally, albeit with the relationship between the degree of polymerization and versatile bioactivities like anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial agents, prebiotics and in skin care of agar-derived oligosaccharides are discussed here, further researches are still needed to unravel the complicated relationship between bioactivity and structure of the different oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziying Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaoqi Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Complete Genomic Sequences of Two Agarolytic
Vibrio
Species Isolates from the Red Algae
Gracilaria. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0093422. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00934-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genomic sequences of two agarolytic
Vibrio
species strains, STUT-A11 and STUT-A16, isolated from the red algae
Gracilaria
. Genomic annotations revealed that both strains harbor four β-agarases, α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase, and agarolytic β-galactosidase, which support efficient agarose catabolism.
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10
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3D Bioprinting Technology and Hydrogels Used in the Process. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040214. [PMID: 36412855 PMCID: PMC9680466 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has gained visibility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to its applicability. Over time, this technology has been optimized and adapted to ensure a better printability of bioinks and biomaterial inks, contributing to developing structures that mimic human anatomy. Therefore, cross-linked polymeric materials, such as hydrogels, have been highly targeted for the elaboration of bioinks, as they guarantee cell proliferation and adhesion. Thus, this short review offers a brief evolution of the 3D bioprinting technology and elucidates the main hydrogels used in the process.
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11
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Deng C, Zhao M, Zhao Q, Zhao L. Advances in green bioproduction of marine and glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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A Novel Carrageenan Metabolic Pathway in Flavobacterium algicola. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0110022. [PMID: 36036580 PMCID: PMC9499021 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01100-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are important components of the polysaccharide metabolism system in marine bacteria. Carrageenase is indispensable for forming carrageenan catalytic pathways. Here, two GH16_13 carrageenases showed likely hydrolysis activities toward different types of carrageenans (e.g., κ-, hybrid β/κ, hybrid α/ι, and hybrid λ), which indicates that a novel pathway is present in the marine bacterium Flavobacterium algicola to use κ-carrageenan (KC), ι-carrageenan (IC), and λ-carrageenan (LC). A comparative study described the different features with another reported pathway based on the specific carrageenans (κ, ι, and λ) and expanded the carrageenan metabolic versatility in F. algicola. A further comparative genomic analysis of carrageenan-degrading bacteria indicated different distributions of carrageenan metabolism-related genes in marine bacteria. The crucial core genes encoding the GH127 α-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidase (ADAG) and 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG)-utilized cluster have been conserved during evolution. This analysis further revealed the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) phenomenon of the carrageenan polysaccharide utilization loci (CarPUL) from Bacteroidetes to other bacterial phyla, as well as the versatility of carrageenan catalytic activities in marine bacteria through different metabolic pathways. IMPORTANCE Based on the premise that the specific carrageenan-based pathway involved in carrageenan use by Flavobacterium algicola has been identified, another pathway was further analyzed, and it involved two GH16_13 carrageenases. Among all the characterized carrageenases, the members of GH16_13 accounted for only a small portion. Here, the functional analysis of two GH16_13 carrageenases suggested their hydrolysis effects on different types of carrageenans (e.g., κ, hybrid β/κ, hybrid α/ι-, and hybrid λ-), which led to the identification of another pathway. Further exploration enabled us to elucidate the novel pathway that metabolizes KC and IC in F. algicola successfully. The coexistence of these two pathways may provide improved survivability by F. algicola in the marine environment.
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Zhang H, Secundo F, Sun J, Mao X. Advances in enzyme biocatalysis for the preparation of functional lipids. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108036. [PMID: 36130694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Functional lipids, mainly ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3), are known to have a variety of health benefits. Lipases and phospholipases are widely used to prepare different forms of structured lipids, since biocatalytic methods can be carried out under mild conditions, preserving the quality of the products. On the other hand, many processes still are conducted at high temperatures and with organic solvents, which are conditions unfavorable for the production of nutritional products. This article gives an updated overview of enzyme biocatalysis methods for the preparation of different derivatives containing n-3 PUFAs, including specific reactions, enzyme immobilization research for high-efficiency catalysis, and enzyme engineering technologies (higher selectivity, stability, and activity). Furthermore, advanced control strategies of biocatalytic processes and reactors are presented. The future prospect and opportunities for marine functional lipids are also discussed. Therefore, the obtainment of enzymes endowed with superior properties and the development of optimized processes, still have to be pursued to achieve greener bio-catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Jiang C, Zhang T, Xu Y, Mao X. Characterization of a GH50 β-Agarase: A Biotechnological Tool for Preparing Oligosaccharides from Agarose and Porphyran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9931-9940. [PMID: 35866448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agarase is of vital significance for functional agaro-oligosaccharides production from algal dived agarose. Especially, the exolytic agarases have the advantage of obtaining agaro-oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization. Herein, we cloned and expressed a novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) 50 family β-agarase OUC-PgJC50 from Photobacterium gaetbulicola. The degradation pattern analysis indicated that OUC-PgJC50 not only showed an exolytic activity with main products of neoagarotetraose from hydrolyzing agarose but also show a hydrolytic activity to transform neoagarotetraose into neoagarobiose. This is the first time that the discovery of a neoagarotetraose-producing exolytic GH50 β-agarase possesses the activity to transform neoagarotetraose into neoagarobiose, which provided new insight into the recognition of the degradation mode of agarases. Molecular docking and sequence alignment analysis further revealed the His654 residue in OUC-PgJC50 may play a vital role in forming a strong force with l-AHG residue at -4 subsite that helps to produce neoagarotetraose from catalyzing agarose. Moreover, the catalytic ability of OUC-PgJC50 toward another agar polysaccharide porphyran was also described that could hydrolyze porphyran into sulfated oligosaccharides, in which the LA6S-d-Gal was the main products. This study is of vital significance for developing the application range of GH50 β-agarases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuxian Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Li G, Guo R, Wu S, Cheng S, Li J, Liu Z, Xie W, Sun X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Xu J, Wu J, Wei Z, Hu F. Characterization of Agarolytic Pathway in a Terrestrial Bacterium Cohnella sp. LGH. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828687. [PMID: 35432256 PMCID: PMC9008576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that an endo-type β-agarase AgaW was responsible for the hydrolysis of agarose into the major product neoagarotetraose in a terrestrial agar-degrading bacterium Cohnella sp. LGH. Here, we identify and characterize the following depolymerization pathway in strain LGH through the genomic and enzymatic analysis. In the pathway, neoagarotetraose was depolymerized by a novel α-neoagarooligosaccharide (NAOS) hydrolase CL5012 into 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose (L-AHG) and agarotriose; Agarotriose was further depolymerized by a novel agarolytic β-galactosidase CL4994 into D-galactose and neoagarobiose; Neoagarobiose was finally depolymerized by CL5012 into L-AHG and D-galactose. Although α-agarase has not been identified in strain LGH, the combined action of CL5012 and CL4994 unexpectedly plays a critical role in the depolymerization of agarotetraose, one theoretical product of α-agarase hydrolysis of agarose. In this pathway, agarotetraose was depolymerized by CL4994 into D-galactose and neoagarotriose; Neoagarotriose was then depolymerized by CL5012 into L-AHG and agarobiose. Furthermore, another novel endo-type β-agarase CL5055 was identified as an isozyme of AgaW with different pH preference in the hydrolysis of agarose into α-NAOSs. Strain LGH seemed to lack a common exo-type β-agarase responsible for the direct depolymerization of agarose or neoagarooligosaccharide into neoagarobiose. These results highlight the diversity of agarolytic manner in bacteria and provide a novel insight on the diversity of agarolytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangliang Xie
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - JiaZheng Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu,
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Plant Immunity, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Enzymatic Verification and Comparative Analysis of Carrageenan Metabolism Pathways in Marine Bacterium Flavobacterium algicola. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0025622. [PMID: 35293779 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00256-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria usually contain polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) for metabolizing red algae polysaccharides. They are of great significance in the carbon cycle of the marine ecosystem, as well as in supporting marine heterotrophic bacterial growth. Here, we described the whole κ-carrageenan (KC), ι-carrageenan (IC), and partial λ-carrageenan (LC) catabolic pathways in a marine Gram-negative bacterium, Flavobacterium algicola, which is involved carrageenan polysaccharide hydrolases, oligosaccharide sulfatases, oligosaccharide glycosidases, and the 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG) utilization-related enzymes harbored in the carrageenan-specific PUL. In the pathways, the KC and IC were hydrolyzed into 4-sugar-unit oligomers by specific glycoside hydrolases. Then, the multifunctional G4S sulfatases would remove their nonreducing ends' G4S sulfate groups, while the ι-neocarratetrose (Nι4) product would further lose the nonreducing end of its DA2S group. Furthermore, the neocarrageenan oligosaccharides (NCOSs) with no G4S and DA2S groups in their nonreducing ends would completely be decomposed into d-Gal and d-AHG. Finally, the released d-AHG would enter the cytoplasmic four-step enzymatic process, and an l-rhamnose-H+ transporter (RhaT) was preliminarily verified for the function for transportation of d-AHG. Moreover, comparative analysis with the reported carrageenan metabolism pathways further implied the diversity of microbial systems for utilizing the red algae carrageenan. IMPORTANCE Carrageenan is the main polysaccharide of red macroalgae and is composed of d-AHG and d-Gal. The carrageenan PUL (CarPUL)-encoded enzymes exist in many marine bacteria for decomposing carrageenan to provide self-growth. Here, the related enzymes in Flavobacterium algicola for metabolizing carrageenan were characterized for describing the catabolic pathways, notably, although the specific polysaccharide hydrolases existed that were like previous studies. A multifunctional G4S sulfatase also existed, which was devoted to the removal of G4S or G2S sulfate groups from three kinds of NCOSs. Additionally, the transformation of three types of carrageenans into two monomers, d-Gal and d-AHG, occurred outside the cell with no periplasmic reactions that existed in previously reported pathways. These results help to clarify the diversity of marine bacteria using macroalgae polysaccharides.
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Jeon EJ, Choi JW, Cho MS, Jeong KJ. Enhanced production of neoagarobiose from agar with Corynebacterium glutamicum producing exo-type and endo-type β-agarases. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2164-2175. [PMID: 34310855 PMCID: PMC8449658 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoagarobiose (NA2) derived from agar marine biomass is a rare reagent that acts as an anti-melanogenesis reagent and moisturizer. Here, for the economical manufacturing of NA2, we developed the co-secretory production system of endo-type β-agarases (DagA) and exo-type β-agarases (EXB3) in Corynebacterium glutamicum. For this purpose, we first developed a secretory system of DagA via Tat pathway. To improve the secretion efficiency, we coexpressed two Tat pathway components (TatA and TatC), and to improve the purity of secreted DagA in the culture supernatant, two endogenous protein genes (Cg2052 and Cg1514) were removed. Using the engineered strain (C. glutamicum SP002), we confirmed that DagA as high as 1.53 g l-1 was successfully produced in the culture media with high purity (72.7% in the supernatant protein fraction). Next, we constructed the expression system (pHCP-CgR-DagA-EXB3) for the simultaneous secretion of EXB3 via Sec-pathway together with DagA, and it was clearly confirmed that DagA and EXB3 were successfully secreted as high as 54% and 24.5%, respectively. Finally, using culture medium containing DagA and EXB3, we successfully demonstrated the conversion of high-concentration agar (40 g l-1 ) into NA2 via a two-stage hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Korea
| | - Min Soo Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Institute for the BioCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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Jiang C, Cheng D, Liu Z, Sun J, Mao X. Advances in agaro-oligosaccharides preparation and bioactivities for revealing the structure-function relationship. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110408. [PMID: 34112411 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agaro-oligosaccharides originating from red algae have attracted increasing attention in both basic theoretical research and applied fields due to their excellent bioactivities, which indicates the wide prospects of agaro-oligosaccharides for application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thus, a considerable number of studies regarding functional agaro-oligosaccharides preparation as well as the bioactivities exploration have been carried out. Based on these studies, this review first introduced different methods that have been used in agar extraction from red algae, and further provided research progress on arylsulfatase. Then, different methods used for agaro-oligosaccharides production were summarized. Moreover, the abundant bioactivities of agaro-oligosaccharides were described in detail. Finally, this review has discussed current research problems and further provided critical aspects, which may be helpful for revealing the structure-function relationship of agaro-oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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