1
|
Xiong S, Xu X, Du T, Liu Q, Huang T, Ren H, Xiong T, Xie M. Organic acids drove the microbiota succession and consequently altered the flavor quality of Laotan Suancai across fermentation rounds: Insights from the microbiome and metabolome. Food Chem 2024; 450:139335. [PMID: 38642533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Laotan Suancai, a popular traditional Chinese fermented vegetable, is manufactured in the industry via four fermentation rounds. However, the differences in flavor quality of Laotan Suancai from the four fermentation rounds and the causes of this variation remain unclear. Metabolome analysis indicated that the different content of five taste compounds and 31 aroma compounds caused the differences in flavor quality among the variated fermentation rounds of Laotan Suancai. Amplicon sequencing indicated that the microbial succession exhibited a certain pattern during four fermentation rounds and further analysis unveiled that organic acids drove the microbiota shift to more acid-resistant populations. Spearman correlation analysis highlighted that seven core microbes may be involved in the formation of differential flavor and the corresponding metabolic pathways were reconstructed by function prediction. Our findings offer a novel perspective on comprehending the deterioration of flavor quality across the fermentation rounds of Laotan Suancai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Tonghao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330200, PR China
| | - Hongbing Ren
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fermented Vegetables, Honghe, Yunnan 661100, PR China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ko DY, Seo SM, Lee YH, Gil CS, Lee H, Ku KM. Turning glucosinolate into allelopathic fate: investigating allyl isothiocyanate variability and nitrile formation in eco-friendly Brassica juncea from South Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15423. [PMID: 38965285 PMCID: PMC11224339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is explored for its biofumigant properties, derived from its secondary metabolites, particularly allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), produced during the enzymatic breakdown of glucosinolates like sinigrin. The research examines eight leaf mustard cultivars developed in Yeosu city, South Korea, focusing on their genetic characteristics, AITC concentration and nitriles formation rates from glucosinolates. Results indicate that the allelopathic effects, largely dependent on AITC concentration and enzymatic activity, vary across cultivar. Sinigrin and AITC constitute 79% and 36%, respectively, of glucosinolate and its hydrolysis products. The cultivar 'Nuttongii' demonstrates significant potential for inhibiting weeds, exhibiting the highest AITC concentration at 27.47 ± 6.46 µmole g-1 These outcomes highlight the importance of selecting mustard cultivars for biofumigation based on their glucosinolate profiles and hydrolysis product yields. The study also identifies a significant genetic influence on AITC and nitrile formation, suggesting that epithiospecifier protein modulation could enhance both allelopathic and other beneficial effects. Collectively, the research underscores the promise of mustard as a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeong Ko
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Seo
- Department of Horticulture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61186
| | - Yong-Hyuk Lee
- Agricultural Technology Center of Yeosu City, Yeosu, 59633, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Saem Gil
- Department of Horticulture, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tragkola V, Anestopoulos I, Kyriakou S, Amery T, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Naturally-derived phenethyl isothiocyanate modulates apoptotic induction through regulation of the intrinsic cascade and resulting apoptosome formation in human malignant melanoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38919011 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2369666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with increasing incidence rates worldwide. On the other hand, watercress is a rich source of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), among others, which has been widely investigated for its anticancer properties against various cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the role of a watercress extract in modulating apoptotic induction in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma consisting of melanoma (A375, COLO-679, COLO-800), non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and immortalized, non-tumorigenic keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Moreover, the chemical composition of the watercress extract was characterized through UPLC MS/MS and other analytical methodologies. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed by the alamar blue assay whereas apoptosis was determined, initially, by a multiplex activity assay kit (measuring levels of activated caspases -3, -8 and -9) as well as by qRT-PCR for the identification of major genes regulating apoptosis. In addition, protein expression levels were evaluated by western immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the extract contains various phytochemicals (e.g. phenolics, flavonoids, pigments, etc.) while isothiocyanates (ITCs; especially PEITC) were the most abundant. In addition, the extract was shown to exert a significant time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against all malignant melanoma cell lines while non-melanoma and non-tumorigenic cells exhibited significant resistance. Finally, expression profiling revealed a number of genes (and corresponding proteins) being implicated in regulating apoptotic induction through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Overall, our data indicate the potential of PEITC as a promising anti-cancer agent in the clinical management of human malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Cyanogenic-Derived Metabolites and Herbivore Counter-Defences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1239. [PMID: 38732453 PMCID: PMC11085660 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The release of cyanide from cyanogenic precursors is the central core of the plant defences based on the cyanogenesis process. Although cyanide is formed as a coproduct of some metabolic routes, its production is mostly due to the degradation of cyanohydrins originating from cyanogenic glycosides in cyanogenic plants and the 4-OH-ICN route in Brassicaceae. Cyanohydrins are then hydrolysed in a reversible reaction generating cyanide, being both, cyanohydrins and cyanide, toxic compounds with potential defensive properties against pests and pathogens. Based on the production of cyanogenic-derived molecules in response to the damage caused by herbivore infestation, in this review, we compile the actual knowledge of plant cyanogenic events in the plant-pest context. Besides the defensive potential, the mode of action, and the targets of the cyanogenic compounds to combat phytophagous insects and acari, special attention has been paid to arthropod responses and the strategies to overcome the impact of cyanogenesis. Physiological and behavioural adaptations, as well as cyanide detoxification by β-cyanoalanine synthases, rhodaneses, and cyanases are common ways of phytophagous arthropods defences against the cyanide produced by plants. Much experimental work is needed to further understand the complexities and specificities of the defence-counter-defence system to be applied in breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu G, He H, Wang P, Zhao X, Ren F. Glucoraphanin Accumulation via Glucoraphanin Synthesis Promotion during Broccoli Germination. Foods 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38201069 PMCID: PMC10778628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is an important glucosinolate which is widely distributed in Brassica vegetables and poses an anticancer effect to humans. Although researchers have paid a lot of attention to the changes in glucoraphanin concentration in seedlings of broccoli over 1-2 weeks, there has been little research focusing on the total whole-sprout glucoraphanin content within broccoli seedlings over 1-5 weeks. However, it is necessary to clarify the changes in total glucoraphanin content during the broccoli sprouting stage as broccoli seedlings are novel plant foods. This research explored glucoraphanin absolute accumulation and the biosynthesis mechanism in broccoli seedlings during a 5-week growth period. The results showed that glucoraphanin accumulation content was higher at week 4 than in the seeds. Moreover, the relative DL-methionine contents increased significantly after 3 weeks. Glucoraphanin synthetic gene expression levels were increased after 3 weeks, but the gene expressions of AOP3 (encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) and MYR (encoding myrosinase) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the 20 essential DEGs obtained can provide new insight into understanding the developmental regulation of broccoli seedlings. In addition, the results can also provide information on how to obtain higher glucoraphanin contents in broccoli sprouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xirui Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qu R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205563. [PMID: 37263983 PMCID: PMC10427379 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity rates. Gut microbiota is found in the intestines, especially the colorectum, and has structured crosstalk interactions with the host that affect several physiological processes. The gut microbiota include CRC-promoting bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and CRC-protecting bacterial species, such as Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, which along with other microorganisms, such as viruses and fungi, play critical roles in the development of CRC. Different bacterial features are identified in patients with early-onset CRC, combined with different patterns between fecal and intratumoral microbiota. The gut microbiota may be beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC; some bacteria may serve as biomarkers while others as regulators of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play essential roles in the crosstalk with CRC cells. Harmful metabolites include some primary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, whereas others, including ursodeoxycholic acid and butyrate, are beneficial and impede tumor development and progression. This review focuses on the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and their potential roles in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health and Fertility PromotionPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical ResearchInstitute of Medical Innovation and ResearchThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijing100191P. R. China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan F, Joshi A, Devkota HP, Subramaniyan V, Kumarasamy V, Arora J. Dietary glucosinolates derived isothiocyanates: chemical properties, metabolism and their potential in prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214881. [PMID: 37554984 PMCID: PMC10404612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts the synaptic communication between millions of neurons, resulting in neuronal death and functional loss due to the abnormal accumulation of two naturally occurring proteins, amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. According to the 2018 World Alzheimer's Report, there is no single case of an Alzheimer's survivor; even 1 in 3 people die from Alzheimer's disease, and it is a growing epidemic across the globe fruits and vegetables rich in glucosinolates (GLCs), the precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), have long been known for their pharmacological properties and recently attracted increased interest for the possible prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological evidence from systematic research findings and clinical trials suggests that nutritional and functional dietary isothiocyanates interfere with the molecular cascades of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and prevent neurons from functional loss. The aim of this review is to explore the role of glucosinolates derived isothiocyanates in various molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and their potential in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It also covers the chemical diversity of isothiocyanates and their detailed mechanisms of action as reported by various in vitro and in vivo studies. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate their pharmacokinetic parameters and effectiveness in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Khan
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagia M, Morgan I, Gamel MA, Farag MA. Maximizing the value of indole-3-carbinol, from its distribution in dietary sources, health effects, metabolism, extraction, and analysis in food and biofluids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37051943 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2197065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a major dietary component produced in Brassica vegetables from glucosinolates (GLS) upon herbivores' attack. The compound is gaining increasing interest due to its anticancer activity. However, reports about improving its level in plants or other sources are still rare. Unfortunately, I3C is unstable in acidic media and tends to polymerize rendering its extraction and detection challenging. This review presents a multifaceted overview of I3C regarding its natural occurrence, biosynthesis, isolation, and extraction procedure from dietary sources, and optimization for the best recovery yield. Further, an overview is presented on its metabolism and biotransformation inside the body to account for its health benefits and factors to ensure the best metabolic yield. Compile of the different analytical approaches for I3C analysis in dietary sources is presented for the first time, together with approaches for its detection and its metabolism in body fluids for proof of efficacy. Lastly, the chemopreventive effects of I3C and the underlying action mechanisms are summarized. Optimizing the yield and methods for the detection of I3C will assist for its incorporation as a nutraceutical or adjuvant in cancer treatment programs. Highlighting the complete biosynthetic pathway and factors involved in I3C production will aid for its future biotechnological production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nagia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mirette A Gamel
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghidoli M, Ponzoni E, Araniti F, Miglio D, Pilu R. Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:570. [PMID: 36771654 PMCID: PMC9920110 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a renewed interest in novel crops has been developing due to the environmental issues associated with the sustainability of agricultural practices. In particular, a cover crop, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is attracting the scientific community's interest for several desirable features. It is related to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, and its oil extracted from the seeds can be used either for food and feed, or for industrial uses such as biofuel production. From an agronomic point of view, it can grow in marginal lands with little or no inputs, and is practically resistant to the most important pathogens of Brassicaceae. Although cultivated in the past, particularly in northern Europe and Italy, in the last century, it was abandoned. For this reason, little breeding work has been conducted to improve this plant, also because of the low genetic variability present in this hexaploid species. In this review, we summarize the main works on this crop, focused on genetic improvement with three main objectives: yield, seed oil content and quality, and reduction in glucosinolates content in the seed, which are the main anti-nutritional substances present in camelina. We also report the latest advances in utilising classical plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ponzoni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Miglio
- Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qinghang W, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xin X, Li T, He C, Zhao S, Liu D. Variation in glucosinolates and the formation of functional degradation products in two Brassica species during spontaneous fermentation. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100493. [PMID: 37026022 PMCID: PMC10070088 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetables from the Brassica species are excellent sources of glucosinolates (GLSs), the precursors of health-promoting isothiocyanates (ITCs). Fermentation enhances the biotransformation of GLSs into potential bioactive ITCs. To explore the biotransformation of GLSs during Brassica fermentation, the changes in GLSs during the fermentation of two Brassica species (i.e., cauliflower and broccoli); the formation of corresponding breakdown products; and the shifts in physicochemical parameters, bacterial communities, and myrosinase activities involved in GLSs degradation were systematically investigated. Nine aliphatic, three indolic, and two benzenic GLSs were identified in fermented cauliflower (FC) and fermented broccoli (FB). Aliphatic glucoiberin and glucoraphanin were the major forms of GLS in FC and FB, respectively; indolic glucobrassicin was also abundant in both FC and FB. The total GLS content decreased by 85.29% and 65.48% after 3 d of fermentation in FC and FB, respectively. After 2 d of fermentation, a significant increase in bioactive GLS degradation products (P < 0.05), including sulforaphane (SFN), iberin (IBN), 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), and ascorbigen (ARG), was observed in FC and FB compared to in fresh cauliflower and broccoli. Moreover, variations in pH value and titratable acidity in FC and FB correlated with Brassica fermentation and were accomplished by lactic acid bacteria, including Weissella, Lactobacillus-related genera, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus. These changes may enhance the biotransformation of GSLs to ITCs. Overall, our results indicate fermentation leads to the degradation of GLSs and the accumulation of functional degradation products in FC and FB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qinghang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoting Xin
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ting Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chengyun He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Shengming Zhao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Corresponding author. School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Daqun Liu
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Corresponding author. Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xin X, Wu Q. Dynamics of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system in tuber mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida) during pickling and its relationship with bacterial communities and fermentation characteristics. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Kim SY, Yang J, Dang YM, Ha JH. Effect of fermentation stages on glucosinolate profiles in kimchi: Quantification of 14 intact glucosinolates using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100417. [PMID: 36211768 PMCID: PMC9532793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for estimating glucosinolate profiles of kimchi is reported. The method employs ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method is efficient in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The glucosinolate contents and compositions vary with fermentation stage. Total glucosinolates were degraded by 91%–100% in over-fermentation stage.
We developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry-based analytical method to determine intact glucosinolates in kimchi and evaluate the effects of fermentation stages on glucosinolate profiles. The developed method yielded reliable data in the kimchi matrix in terms of selectivity, matrix effect (88 %–105 %), linearity (coefficients of determination ≥0.9991), sensitivity (limits of quantification ≤35 nmol/L), accuracy (82 %–101 %), and precision (≤8%). The kimchi samples contained progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphenin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, glucoberteroin, gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin, of which 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin were the major compounds. Total glucosinolate content was decreased by 31 %–97 % and 91–100 % in the moderate-fermented and over-fermented samples, respectively, compared with that in the non-fermented samples, revealing sudden glucosinolate degradation between the moderate- and over-fermentation stages. In summary, we report an efficient analytical method to estimate kimchi glucosinolate profiles, which could be a foundation for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yang
- Industrial Solution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuong Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitra S, Emran TB, Chandran D, Zidan BMRM, Das R, Mamada SS, Masyita A, Salampe M, Nainu F, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Cruciferous vegetables as a treasure of functional foods bioactive compounds: Targeting p53 family in gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951935. [PMID: 35990357 PMCID: PMC9386315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zayed A, Sheashea M, Kassem IAA, Farag MA. Red and white cabbages: An updated comparative review of bioactives, extraction methods, processing practices, and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7025-7042. [PMID: 35174750 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Red and white cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and rubra, respectively) are two of the most commercially valued vegetables in crucifers, well-recognized for their unique sensory and nutritive attributes in addition to a myriad of health-promoting benefits. The current review addressed the differential qualitative/quantitative phytochemical make-ups for the first time for better utilization as nutraceuticals and to identify potential uses based on the chemical makeup of both cultivars (cvs.). In addition, extraction methods are compared highlighting their advantages and/or limitations with regards to improving yield and stability of cabbage bioactives, especially glucosinolates. Besides, the review recapitulated detailed action mechanism and safety of cabbage bioactives, as well as processing technologies to further improve their effects are posed as future perspectives. White and red cabbage cvs. revealed different GLSs profile which affected by food processing, including enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal breakdown, and leaching. In addition, the red cultivar provides high quality pigment for industrial applications. Moreover, non-conventional modern extraction techniques showed promising techniques for the recovery of their bioactive constituents compared to solvent extraction. All these findings pose white and red cabbages as potential candidates for inclusion in nutraceuticals and/or to be commercialized as functional foods prepared in different culinary forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed Sheashea
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A A Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Bao J, Lu X, Tian P, Yang J, Wei Y, Li S, Ma S. Transcriptome analysis of melatonin regulating the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in broccoli hairy roots. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:51-64. [PMID: 35221571 PMCID: PMC8847518 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SF) is one of the most effective natural products in preventing and fighting cancer, found in cruciferous plants. In this study, broccoli hairy roots grown for 20 d were used as the experimental material, and it was treated with 500 μmol/L melatonin (MT) for 0, 12 and 32 h to explore the effect of MT on the conversion of glucoraphanin (GRA) to SF. Results showed that the yields of GRA and SF were the largest under MT treatment for 12 h, which were 1.53 and 1.93-fold, respectively, compared to 0 h. However, Myrosinases activity was the highest under MT treatment for 32 h, which was 1.42-fold compared to that of the 0 h. The differential expression of key genes involved in GRA conversion to SF in broccoli hairy roots was identified transcriptome sequencing, and the path of the transformation from GRA to SF was simulated, which provided a theoretical basis for establishing an efficient transformation system from GRA to SF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jinyu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yunchun Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Basical Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Connolly EL, Sim M, Travica N, Marx W, Beasy G, Lynch GS, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Glucosinolates From Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Potential Role in Chronic Disease: Investigating the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767975. [PMID: 34764875 PMCID: PMC8575925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence highlights the strong potential for a diet rich in fruit and vegetables to delay, and often prevent, the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions, and certain cancers. A possible protective component, glucosinolates, which are phytochemicals found almost exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, have been identified from preclinical and clinical studies. Current research suggests that glucosinolates (and isothiocyanates) act via several mechanisms, ultimately exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-protective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding cruciferous vegetables and their glucosinolates in relation to the specified health conditions. Although there is evidence that consumption of a high glucosinolate diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic diseases, future large-scale placebo-controlled human trials including standardized glucosinolate supplements are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Metabolism of Glucosinolates by Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082750. [PMID: 34444909 PMCID: PMC8401010 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) and their derivatives are secondary plant metabolites abundant in Brassicaceae. Due to the enzymatic reaction between GLS and myrosinase enzyme, characteristic compounds with a pungent taste are formed, used by plants to defend themselves against insect herbivores. These GLS derivatives have an important impact on human health, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. However, GLS derivatives' formation needs previous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by myrosinase enzyme. Many of the brassica-based foods are processed at a high temperature that inactivates enzymes, hindering its bioavailability. In the last decade, several studies showed that the human gut microbiome can provide myrosinase activity that potentially can raise the beneficial effects of consumption of vegetables rich in GLS. The variability of the human gut microbiome (HGM) in human populations and the diverse intake of GLS through the diet may lead to greater variability of the real dose of pro-healthy compounds absorbed by the human body. The exploitation of the genetic and biochemical potential of HGM and correct ecological studies of both isolated strains and mixed population are of great interest. This review focuses on the most recent advances in this field.
Collapse
|