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Stanley P. Genetics of glycosylation in mammalian development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:715-729. [PMID: 38724711 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins and lipids in mammals is essential for embryogenesis and the development of all tissues. Analyses of glycosylation mutants in cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have been key to defining glycosylation pathways and the biological functions of glycans. More recently, applications of genome sequencing have revealed the breadth of rare congenital disorders of glycosylation in humans and the influence of genetics on the synthesis of glycans relevant to infectious diseases, cancer progression and diseases of the immune system. This improved understanding of glycan synthesis and functions is paving the way for advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glycosylation-related diseases, including the development of glycoprotein therapeutics through glycosylation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Beyze A, Larroque C, Le Quintrec M. The role of antibody glycosylation in autoimmune and alloimmune kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:672-689. [PMID: 38961307 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin glycosylation is a pivotal mechanism that drives the diversification of antibody functions. The composition of the IgG glycome is influenced by environmental factors, genetic traits and inflammatory contexts. Differential IgG glycosylation has been shown to intricately modulate IgG effector functions and has a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Analysis of IgG glycosylation is therefore a promising tool for predicting disease severity. Several autoimmune and alloimmune disorders, including critical and potentially life-threatening conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection, are driven by immunoglobulin. In certain IgG-driven kidney diseases, including primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, particular glycome characteristics can enhance in situ complement activation and the recruitment of innate immune cells, resulting in more severe kidney damage. Hypofucosylation, hypogalactosylation and hyposialylation are the most common IgG glycosylation traits identified in these diseases. Modulating IgG glycosylation could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune mechanisms that underlie IgG-driven kidney diseases and potentially reduce the burden of immunosuppressive drugs in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Beyze
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Palma JA, Bunyatov MI, Hulbert SW, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP. Bacterial glycoengineering: Cell-based and cell-free routes for producing biopharmaceuticals with customized glycosylation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102500. [PMID: 38991462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a pivotal role in tuning the folding and function of proteins. Because most human therapeutic proteins are glycosylated, understanding and controlling glycosylation is important for the design, optimization, and manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, natural eukaryotic glycosylation pathways are complex and often produce heterogeneous glycan patterns, making the production of glycoproteins with chemically precise and homogeneous glycan structures difficult. To overcome these limitations, bacterial glycoengineering has emerged as a simple, cost-effective, and scalable approach to produce designer glycoprotein therapeutics and vaccines in which the glycan structures are engineered to reduce heterogeneity and improve biological and biophysical attributes of the protein. Here, we discuss recent advances in bacterial cell-based and cell-free glycoengineering that have enabled the production of biopharmaceutical glycoproteins with customized glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymee A Palma
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mehman I Bunyatov
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sophia W Hulbert
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Sherman JD, Karmali V, Kumar B, Simon TW, Bechnak S, Panjwani A, Ciric CR, Wang D, Huerta C, Johnson B, Anderson EJ, Rouphael N, Collins MH, Rostad CA, Azadi P, Scherer EM. Altered spike IgG Fc N-linked glycans are associated with hyperinflammatory state in adult COVID and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.14.24310381. [PMID: 39040211 PMCID: PMC11261911 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.14.24310381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe COVID and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are characterized by excessive inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In adults, disease severity is associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Fc afucosylation, which induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from innate immune cells. This study aimed to define spike IgG Fc glycosylation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and children and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults and the relationships between glycan modifications and cytokine/chemokine levels. Methods We analyzed longitudinal (n=146) and cross-sectional (n=49) serum/plasma samples from adult and pediatric COVID patients, MIS-C patients, adult vaccinees, and adult and pediatric healthy controls. We developed methods for characterizing bulk and spike IgG Fc glycosylation by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and measured levels of ten inflammatory cytokines/chemokines by multiplexed ELISA. Results Spike IgG were more afucosylated than bulk IgG during acute adult COVID and MIS-C. We observed an opposite trend following vaccination, but it was not significant. Spike IgG were more galactosylated and sialylated and less bisected than bulk IgG during adult COVID, with similar trends observed during pediatric COVID/MIS-C and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Spike IgG glycosylation changed with time following adult COVID or vaccination. Afucosylated spike IgG exhibited inverse and positive correlations with inflammatory markers in MIS-C and following vaccination, respectively; galactosylated and sialylated spike IgG inversely correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult COVID and MIS-C; and bisected spike IgG positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in multiple groups. Conclusions We identified previously undescribed relationships between spike IgG glycan modifications and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that expand our understanding of IgG glycosylation changes that may impact COVID and MIS-C immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Sherman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vinit Karmali
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bhoj Kumar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Trevor W. Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sarah Bechnak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anusha Panjwani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Caroline R. Ciric
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dongli Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chris Huerta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Brandi Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew H. Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Erin M. Scherer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Sastre DE, Sultana N, V A S Navarro M, Huliciak M, Du J, Cifuente JO, Flowers M, Liu X, Lollar P, Trastoy B, Guerin ME, Sundberg EJ. Human gut microbes express functionally distinct endoglycosidases to metabolize the same N-glycan substrate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5123. [PMID: 38879612 PMCID: PMC11180146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidales (syn. Bacteroidetes) are prominent members of the human gastrointestinal ecosystem mainly due to their efficient glycan-degrading machinery, organized into gene clusters known as polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). A single PUL was reported for catabolism of high-mannose (HM) N-glycan glyco-polypeptides in the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, encoding a surface endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase), BT3987. Here, we discover an ENGase from the GH18 family in B. thetaiotaomicron, BT1285, encoded in a distinct PUL with its own repertoire of proteins for catabolism of the same HM N-glycan substrate as that of BT3987. We employ X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry-based activity measurements, alanine scanning mutagenesis and a broad range of biophysical methods to comprehensively define the molecular mechanism by which BT1285 recognizes and hydrolyzes HM N-glycans, revealing that the stabilities and activities of BT1285 and BT3987 were optimal in markedly different conditions. BT1285 exhibits significantly higher affinity and faster hydrolysis of poorly accessible HM N-glycans than does BT3987. We also find that two HM-processing endoglycosidases from the human gut-resident Alistipes finegoldii display condition-specific functional properties. Altogether, our data suggest that human gut microbes employ evolutionary strategies to express distinct ENGases in order to optimally metabolize the same N-glycan substrate in the gastroinstestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcos V A S Navarro
- Institute of Physics (IFSC-USP), University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Center for Innovative Proteomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maros Huliciak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier O Cifuente
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pete Lollar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycoimmunology Laboratory, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Singh BN, Tabatabaei M, Pandit A, Elling L, Gupta VK. Emerging advances in glycoengineering of carbohydrates/glycans and their industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108324. [PMID: 38360155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 K20V, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 K20V, Ireland.
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7
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Wang S, Zhu Z, Li J. Pharmacokinetic Analyses of a Lipid Nanoparticle-Encapsulated mRNA-Encoded Antibody against Rift Valley Fever Virus. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1342-1352. [PMID: 38295278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) could cause an emergency illness characterized by fever, muscle pain, and even death in humans or ruminants. However, there are no approved antiviral drugs that prevent or treat RVFV infection. While therapeutic antibodies have shown promising potential for prevention or treatment in several studies, many studies are ongoing, especially in the field of infectious diseases. Among these studies, the mRNA-LNP platform shows great potential for application, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, we have obtained a neutralizing antibody against RVFV, which was named A38 protein and verified to have a high binding and neutralization ability. In this study, we aimed to identify an effectively optimized sequence and expressed the prioritized mRNA-encoded antibody in vitro. Notably, we effectively expressed mRNA-encoded protein and used the mRNA-LNP platform to generate A38-mRNA-LNP. Pharmacokinetic experiments were conducted in vivo and set up in two groups of mRNA-A38 group and A38 protein group, which were derived from mRNA-LNP and plasmid DNA-expressed proteins, respectively. A38-mRNA-LNPs were administrated by intramuscular injection, A38 proteins were administrated by intravenous administration, and their unique ability to maintain long-lasting protein concentrations by mRNA-encoded protein was demonstrated with the mRNA-encoded protein providing a longer circulating half-life compared to injection of the free A38 protein. These preclinical data on the mRNA-encoded antibody highlighted its potential to prevent infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Ziling Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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