1
|
Skvortsova S, Orlov A, Valyano G, Spektor V, Mamontova N. Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Ball Heads for Use in Implants. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12040065. [PMID: 34842763 PMCID: PMC8629003 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of thermohydrogen treatment and vacuum ion–plasma nitriding on the determination of the volume and surface structure of ball heads made of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was studied. It was found that the submicrocrystalline structure formed in the head during thermohydrogen treatment makes it possible to achieve hardness values of 39–41 units HRC and a surface roughness of 0.02 μm. It was shown that the creation of a modified layer consisting of ε (TiN) and δ (Ti2N) titanium nitrides on the surface of a ball head and the solid interstitial solution of nitrogen in α-titanium makes it possible to completely eliminate material wear when testing for friction on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. The equivalent analysis was also conducted with a ball head that had been implanted in a human body for 12 years. It was found that the change in the color of the head, from slightly golden after nitriding to metallic, is due to the formation of an oxynitride nanoscale layer on the surface. It was shown that in contrast with films made of titanium oxide, the film developed in this study has high wear resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Skvortsova
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 4, Volokolamskoe Highway, 125993 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (V.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Aleksei Orlov
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 4, Volokolamskoe Highway, 125993 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (V.S.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9032304151
| | - Georgii Valyano
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT), 13 Bd.2, Izhorskaya Str., 125412 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victor Spektor
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 4, Volokolamskoe Highway, 125993 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (V.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Mamontova
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 4, Volokolamskoe Highway, 125993 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (V.S.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith SM, Gilbert JL. Interfacial compliance, energy dissipation, frequency effects, and long-term fretting corrosion performance of Ti-6Al-4V/CoCrMo interfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:409-423. [PMID: 34402604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fretting corrosion in modular orthopedic implants is a well-documented process that may be associated with adverse local tissue reactions, pain, and revisions. Engineering modular junction interfaces to withstand applied fretting motion without surface abrasion could prevent implant degradation and surface damage. Previous work on geometrically modified Ti-6Al-4V/CoCrMo interfaces with increased compliance showed reduced fretting currents and surface damage during short term, variable-load in vitro testing. This study assesses the same interfaces under long-term conditions using an in vitro pin-on-disk fretting corrosion test apparatus. Preliminary variable-load frequency testing of typical control pin geometries showed a frequency-dependent current response, with underlying contact conditions of metal-metal interfaces that remained unchanged. One-million-cycle testing showed diminished fretting currents in all groups by 5 × 105 cycles, but consistently lower currents in the high-compliance group. Corresponding fretting currents and work of fretting measurements of high-compliance pins confirmed that minimal fretting was experienced at the interface, with elastic bending of the pin accounting for almost all applied displacement. Debris generated during testing were composed of titanium and chromium oxides, small amounts of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, and sodium and phosphate originating from the surrounding test solution. Post-test analyses of sample surfaces revealed substantially more surface damage on CoCrMo disks than Ti-6Al-4V pins, thought to be a result of adhesive wear of mixed oxide debris on the pin and abrasion of the disk by the oxide debris layer. Surface damage to high-compliance pins suggests some abrasion is unavoidable with geometric modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Smith
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy L Gilbert
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balachandran S, Zachariah Z, Fischer A, Mayweg D, Wimmer MA, Raabe D, Herbig M. Atomic Scale Origin of Metal Ion Release from Hip Implant Taper Junctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903008. [PMID: 32154080 PMCID: PMC7055581 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Millions worldwide suffer from arthritis of the hips, and total hip replacement is a clinically successful treatment for end-stage arthritis patients. Typical hip implants incorporate a cobalt alloy (Co-Cr-Mo) femoral head fixed on a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) femoral stem via a Morse taper junction. However, fretting and corrosion at this junction can cause release of wear particles and metal ions from the metallic implant, leading to local and systemic toxicity in patients. This study is a multiscale structural-chemical investigation, ranging from the micrometer down to the atomic scale, of the underlying mechanisms leading to metal ion release from such taper junctions. Correlative transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography reveals microstructural and compositional alterations in the subsurface of the titanium alloy subjected to in vitro gross-slip fretting against the cobalt alloy. Even though the cobalt alloy is comparatively more wear-resistant, changes in the titanium alloy promote tribocorrosion and subsequent degradation of the cobalt alloy. These observations regarding the concurrent occurrence of electrochemical and tribological phenomena are vital to further improve the design and performance of taper junctions in similar environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanoob Balachandran
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
| | - Zita Zachariah
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
| | - Alfons Fischer
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical Center1611 W. Harrison St.ChicagoIL60612USA
| | - David Mayweg
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
| | - Markus A. Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical Center1611 W. Harrison St.ChicagoIL60612USA
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
| | - Michael Herbig
- Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy DesignMax‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Laura A, Hothi HS, Henckel J, Kwon YM, Skinner JA, Hart AJ. Retrieval Findings of Recalled Dual-Taper Hips. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:1661-1672. [PMID: 30277996 PMCID: PMC6211785 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent high-profile recalls of several dual-taper hip designs pose questions regarding why those designs perform poorly. We aimed to characterize taper damage in 1 recalled design to understand failure mechanisms to inform surgeons on which patients should be considered at risk of revision and when to revise. METHODS High-precision measurement equipment was used to characterize the metal loss from the neck-stem interface of 116 retrieved Rejuvenate femoral stems (Stryker Howmedica Osteonics) revised because of an adverse reaction to metal debris. Head-neck taper surfaces were also investigated, and clinical and laboratory data were examined. RESULTS The neck-stem junction of each implant was moderately to severely corroded and showed a characteristic wear pattern on both male and female taper surfaces. The severity of taper damage was positively correlated with time to revision (coefficient, 0.040 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.028 to 0.051]; p < 0.0001) and with serum cobalt concentration (coefficient, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02]; p < 0.0001) and serum chromium concentration (coefficient, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.009 to 0.070]; p = 0.0142). CONCLUSIONS A forensic examination of the retrieved components that failed secondary to an adverse reaction to metal debris showed, in all cases, visible corrosion. Of the implant and patient factors investigated, we did not identify any predictors of corrosion. The severity of damage was found to increase with time; cobalt was significantly elevated over chromium. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should scrupulously follow and consider revision for patients with this implant design to avoid extensive tissue excision. Blood metal ion tests may aid in identifying the mechanisms of taper corrosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Laura
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom,E-mail address for A. Di Laura:
| | - Harry S. Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Johann Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Young-Min Kwon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John A. Skinner
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Alister J. Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panagiotopoulou VC, Davda K, Hothi HS, Henckel J, Cerquiglini A, Goodier WD, Skinner J, Hart A, Calder PR. A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:476-484. [PMID: 30123497 PMCID: PMC6076355 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.bjr-2017-0359.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Precice nail is the latest intramedullary lengthening nail with excellent early outcomes. Implant complications have led to modification of the nail design. The aim of this study was to perform a retrieval study of Precice nails following lower-limb lengthening and to assess macroscopical and microscopical changes to the implants and evaluate differences following design modification, with the aim of identifying potential surgical, implant, and patient risk factors. METHODS A total of 15 nails were retrieved from 13 patients following lower-limb lengthening. Macroscopical and microscopical surface damage to the nails were identified. Further analysis included radiology and micro-CT prior to sectioning. The internal mechanism was then analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to identify corrosion. RESULTS Seven male and three female patients underwent 12 femoral lengthenings. Three female patients underwent tibial lengthening. All patients obtained the desired length with no implant failure. Surface degradation was noted on the telescopic part of every nail design, less on the latest implants. Microscopical analysis confirmed fretting and pitting corrosion. Following sectioning, black debris was noted in all implants. The early designs were found to have fractured actuator pins and the pin and bearings showed evidence of corrosive debris. The latest designs showed evidence of biological deposits suggestive of fluid ingress within the nail but no corrosion. CONCLUSION This study confirms less internal corrosion following modification, but evidence of titanium debris remains. We recommend no change to current clinical practice. However, potential reuse of the Precice nail, for secondary limb lengthening in the same patient, should be undertaken with caution.Cite this article: V. C. Panagiotopoulou, K. Davda, H. S. Hothi, J. Henckel, A. Cerquiglini, W. D. Goodier, J. Skinner, A. Hart, P. R. Calder. A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:476-484. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0359.R1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. C. Panagiotopoulou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - K. Davda
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - H. S. Hothi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Henckel
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital and Stanmore, UK
| | - A. Cerquiglini
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - W. D. Goodier
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J. Skinner
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - A. Hart
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - P. R. Calder
- Limb Reconstruction Unit, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bingley R, Martin A, Manfredi O, Nejadhamzeeigilani M, Oladokun A, Beadling AR, Siddiqui S, Anderson J, Thompson J, Neville A, Bryant M. Fretting-corrosion at the modular tapers interface: Inspection of standard ASTM F1875-98. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018. [PMID: 29529933 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918760958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the degradation mechanisms at the modular tapers interfaces has been renewed due to increased reported cases of adverse reactions to metal debris and the appearance of wear and corrosion at the modular tapers interfaces at revision. Over the past two decades, a lot of research has been expended to understand the degradation mechanisms, with two primary implant loading procedures and orientations used consistently across the literature. ASTM F1875-98 is often used as a guide to understand and benchmark the tribocorrosion processes occurring within the modular tapers interface. This article presents a comparison of the two methods outlined in ASTM F1875-98 as well as a critique of the standard considering the current paradigm in pre-clinical assessment of modular tapers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bingley
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan Martin
- 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Olivia Manfredi
- 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Abimbola Oladokun
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew Robert Beadling
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sohail Siddiqui
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Anne Neville
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Bryant
- 1 Institute of Functional Surfaces (iFS), School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berstock JR, Whitehouse MR, Duncan CP. Trunnion corrosion: what surgeons need to know in 2018. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:44-49. [PMID: 29292339 PMCID: PMC6424439 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b1.bjj-2017-0569.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To present a surgically relevant update of trunnionosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic review performed April 2017. RESULTS Trunnionosis accounts for approximately 2% of the revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) burden. Thinner (reduced flexural rigidity) and shorter trunnions (reduced contact area at the taper junction) may contribute to mechanically assisted corrosion, exacerbated by high offset implants. The contribution of large heads and mixed metallurgy is discussed. CONCLUSION Identifying causative risk factors is challenging due to the multifactorial nature of this problem. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):44-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Berstock
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, 1st Floor Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - M R Whitehouse
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, 1st Floor Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - C P Duncan
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, JP North 3rd floor, Room 3114, 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buente D, Bryant M, Ward M, Neville A, Morlock M, Huber G. The taper corrosion pattern observed for one bi-modular stem design is related to geometry-determined taper mechanics. Med Eng Phys 2017. [PMID: 28647286 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bi-modular primary hip stems exhibit high revision rates owing to corrosion at the stem-neck taper, and are associated with local adverse tissue reactions. The aim of this study was to relate the wear patterns observed for one bi-modular design to its design-specific stem-neck taper geometry. Wear patterns and initial geometry of the taper junctions were determined for 27 retrieved bi-modular primary hip arthroplasty stems (Rejuvenate, Stryker Orthopaedics) using a tactile coordinate-measuring device. Regions of high-gradient wear patterns were additionally analyzed via optical and electron microscopy. The determined geometry of the taper junction revealed design-related engagement at its opening (angle mismatch), concentrated at the medial and lateral apexes (axes mismatch). A patch of retained topography on the proximal medial neck-piece taper apex was observed, surrounded by regions of high wear. On the patch, a deposit from the opposing female stem taper-containing Ti, Mo, Zr, and O-was observed. High stress concentrations were focused at the taper apexes owing to the specific geometry. A medial canting of the components may have augmented the inhomogeneous stress distributions in vivo. In the regions with high normal loads interfacial slip and consequently fretting was inhibited, which explains the observed pattern of wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Buente
- TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Bryant
- University of Leeds, Faculty of Engineering Institute of Materials and Research/Functional Surfaces, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Michael Ward
- University of Leeds, Faculty of Engineering Institute of Materials and Research/Functional Surfaces, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Anne Neville
- University of Leeds, Faculty of Engineering Institute of Materials and Research/Functional Surfaces, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Michael Morlock
- TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gerd Huber
- TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|