1
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Zhao R, Gao H, Duan L, Yu R. Synergistic toxic effects of high-strength ammonia and ZnO nanoparticles on biological nitrogen removal systems and role of exogenous C 10-HSL regulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 150:385-394. [PMID: 39306414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and impacts of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) performance have been well-investigated. However, the effects of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations on NP toxicity and AHL regulation have seldom been addressed yet. This study consulted on the impacts of ZnO NPs on BNR systems when high NH4+-N concentration was available. The synergistic toxic effects of high-strength NH4+-N (200 mg/L) and ZnO NPs resulted in decreased ammonia oxidation rates and dropped the nitrogen removal efficiencies by 17.5% ± 0.2%. The increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was observed in response to the high NH4+-N and ZnO NP stress, which indicated the defense mechanism against the toxic effects in the BNR systems was stimulated. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of exogenous N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL)-mediated QS system on NP-stressed BNR systems were revealed to improve the BNR performance under different NH4+-N concentrations. The C10-HSL regulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, denitrification functional enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. This probably synergistically enhanced the defense mechanism against NP toxicity. However, compared to the low NH4+-N concentration of 60 mg/L, the efficacy of C10-HSL was inhibited at high NH4+-N levels of 200 mg/L. The findings provided the significant application potential of QS system for BNR when facing toxic compound shock threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Guangdong Institute of Socialism, Guangzhou 510400, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Themeli E, Koumaki E, Kaperonis P, Michalaki S, Mamais D, Noutsopoulos C, Malamis S. Development of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor treating landfill leachate for the biological nitrogen removal through nitritation-denitritation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121709. [PMID: 38968889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The current work investigated the performance of an Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor (IFAS-SBR) for Biological Nitrogen Removal (BNR) from mature landfill leachate through the nitritation-denitritation process. During the experimental period two IFAS-SBR configurations were examined using two different biocarrier types with the same filling ratio (50%). The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration ranged between 2 and 3 mg/L and 4-6 mg/L in the first (baseline-IFAS) and the second (S8-IFAS) setup, respectively. Baseline-IFAS operated for 542 days and demonstrated a high and stable BNR performance maintaining a removal efficiency above 90% under a Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) up to 0.45 kg N/m3-d, while S8-IFAS, which operated for 230 days, was characterized by a limited and unstable BNR performance being unable to operate sufficiently under an NLR higher than 0.20 kg N/m3-d. It also experienced a severe inhibition period, when the BNR process was fully deteriorated. Moreover, S8-IFAS suffered from extensive biocarrier stagnant zones and a particularly poor sludge settleability. The attached biomass cultivated in both IFAS configurations had a negligible content of nitrifying bacteria, probably attributed to the insufficient DO diffusion through the biofilm, caused by the low DO concentration in the liquid in the baseline case and the extensive stagnant zones in the S8-IFAS case. As a result of the high biocarrier filling ratio, the S8-IFAS was unstable and low. This was probably attributed to the mass transfer limitations caused by the biocarrier stagnant zones, which hinder substrate and oxygen diffusion, thus reducing the biomass activity and increasing its vulnerability to inhibitory and toxic factors. Hence, the biocarrier filling fraction is a crucial parameter for the efficient operation of the IFAS-SBR and should be carefully selected taking into consideration both the media type and the overall reactor configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Themeli
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Elena Koumaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Kaperonis
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spiridoula Michalaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Daniel Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Simos Malamis
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Lan M, Yin Q, Wang J, Li M, Li Y, Li B. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification performance of a novel strain, Pseudomonas sp. B-1, isolated from membrane aerated biofilm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 214:113901. [PMID: 36592808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) strain isolated from membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was identified as Pseudomonas sp. B-1, which could effectively utilize multiple nitrogen sources and preferentially consume NH4-N. The maximum degradation efficiencies of NO3-N, NO2-N and NH4-N were 98.04%, 94.84% and 95.74%, respectively. The optimal incubation time, shaking speed, carbon source, pH, temperature and C/N ratio were 60 h, 180 rpm, sodium succinate, 8, 30 °C and 25, respectively. The strain preferred salinity of 1.5% and resisted heavy metals in the order of Mn2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+. It can be preliminarily speculated from the results of enzyme assay that the strain removed nitrogen via full nitrification-denitrification pathway. The addition of strain into the conventional MABR significantly intensified the HN-AD performance of the reactor. The relative abundance of the functional bacteria including Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Azoarcus and Thauera was obviously increased after the bioaugmentation. Besides, the expression of the HN-AD related genes in the biofilm was also strengthened. Thus, strain B-1 had great application potential in nitrogen removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Lan
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Qingdian Yin
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Baoan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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4
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Zhao K, Zhang T, Tian Y, Li H, Wan J, Wang Y. Efficient partial nitrification with hybrid nitrifying granular sludge based on a simultaneous fill/draw SBR mode. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137579. [PMID: 36529172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simultaneous fill/draw SBR was applied to investigate the feasibility of partial nitrification process with inoculation of matured aerobic granular sludge. The system operated stably over 120 days with the relatively high ammonium removal efficiency (≥ 98.83%) and nitrite accumulation rate (≥ 89.60%). Moreover, a hybrid flocs/granules system was formed stably after long-term operation. The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was suppressed effectively because of the combined effect of simultaneous fill/draw mode and intermittent aeration conditions. Furthermore, batch tests were separately tested with isolated granules (> 200 μm) and flocs (< 200 μm), showing that the specific ammonia oxidation rate of granules and flocs were 15.94 ± 2.85 and 66.77 ± 0.83 mg N/(g MLSS·h), respectively. Correspondingly, the abundance of Nitrosomonas as a typical AOB in granules (6.24%) and flocs (11.94%) was obtained via the microbial diversity analysis, while NOB was almost hardly detected in granules and flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yixing Tian
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Jiangsu University, School Environment & Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Haisong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
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5
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Chen J, Liang J, Li C, Dai J, Mai W, Wei Y. An enriched ammonia-oxidizing microbiota enables high removal efficiency of ammonia in antibiotic production wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136854. [PMID: 36243093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High ammonia concentration hinders the efficient treatment of antibiotic production wastewater (APW). Developing effective ammonia oxidation wastewater treatment strategies is an ideal approach for facilitating APW treatment. Compared with traditional nitrification strategies, the partial nitrification process is more eco-friendly, less energy-intensive, and less excess sludge. The primary limiting factor of the partial nitrification process is increasing ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) while decreasing nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In this study, an efficient AOB microbiota (named AF2) was obtained via enrichment of an aerobic activated sludge (AS0) collected from a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. After a 52-day enrichment of AS0 in 250 mL flasks, the microbiota AE1 with 69.18% Nitrosomonas microorganisms was obtained. Subsequent scaled-up cultivation in a 10 L fermenter led to the AF2 microbiota with 59.22% Nitrosomonas. Low concentration of free ammonia (FA, < 42.01 mg L-1) had a negligible effect on the activity of AF2, and the nitrite-nitrogen accumulation rate (NAR) of AF2 was 98% when FA concentration was 42.01 mg L-1. The specific ammonia oxidation rates (SAORs) at 30 °C and 15 °C were 3.64 kg NH4+-N·kg MLVSS-1·d-1 and 1.43 kg NH4+-N·kg MLVSS-1·d-1 (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids). The SAOR was 0.52 kg NH4+-N·kg MLVSS-1·d-1 when the NaCl concentration was increased from 0 to 20 g L-1, showing that AF2 functioning was stable in a high-level salt environment. The ammonia oxidation performance of AF2 was verified by treating abamectin and lincomycin production wastewater. The NARs of AF2 used for abamectin and lincomycin production wastewater treatment were >90% and the SAORs were 2.39 kg NH4+-N·kg MLVSS-1·d-1 and 0.54 kg NH4+-N·kg MLVSS-1·d-1, respectively, which was higher than the traditional biological denitrification process. In summary, AF2 was effective for APW treatment via enhanced ammonia removal efficiency, demonstrating great potential for future industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Research Center for Eco-friendly Wastewater Purifying Engineering Technology of Henan Province, Henan Junhe Environmental Protection Technology CO.LTD, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Chenjing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jihua Dai
- Research Center for Eco-friendly Wastewater Purifying Engineering Technology of Henan Province, Henan Junhe Environmental Protection Technology CO.LTD, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenning Mai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, PR China.
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6
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Zajac O, Zubrowska-Sudol M. Nitrification kinetics, N 2O emission, and energy use in intermittently aerated hybrid reactor under different organic loading rates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:1-14. [PMID: 36567805 PMCID: PMC9765392 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of intermittent aeration strategies and reduction in the reactor's organic and nitrogen loading rates on the course of particular stages of the nitrification process, as well as energy consumption and N2O emissions in a hybrid reactor with nitrification/denitrification. Each of the analysed series revealed the greatest ammonia oxidation activity in activated sludge flocs. The highest activity of nitrite nitrogen oxidation was demonstrated in the case of biofilm. A reduction in the reactor's organic and nitrogen loading rate value had a greater effect on changes in the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. In a system where the operation of air pumps was controlled through switching them and off according to the adopted ratio between non-aerated and aerated sub-phase times and the assumed oxygen concentration, a reduction in the duration of aerated sub-phases caused no decrease in energy use for aeration. Lower N2O emission was recorded when the reactor operated with a longer duration of aerated sub-phases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04715-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Zajac
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Zubrowska-Sudol
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Statiris E, Dimopoulos T, Petalas N, Noutsopoulos C, Mamais D, Malamis S. Investigating the long and short-term effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid levels on nitritation biomass of a sequencing batch reactor treating thermally pre-treated sludge reject water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127760. [PMID: 35963489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work examined the short and long-term effects of different free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) levels on (i) acclimatized biomass treating sludge reject water via nitrite in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and (ii) non-aclimatized biomass treating municipal wastewater via nitrate in the activated sludge process. In the acclimatized biomass, the threshold for the transition from nitrification to nitritation was the FA increase to 10-20 mgNH3-N/L while the SBR unit showed no inhibition on the ammonia uptake rate (AUR) at FA levels up to 65 mgNH3-N/L. Short-term exposure of the acclimatized biomass on FNA showed that AUR inhibition could be more than 50 % for FNA concentration >10 μgHNO2-N/L. The FNA inhibition results were simulated using non-competitive inhibition kinetics that showed that the inhibition constant corresponding to the FNA concentration that inhibits the process by 50 % (i.e. KiFNA) was much higher in the acclimatized biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Statiris
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece.
| | - T Dimopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece
| | - N Petalas
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece
| | - C Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece
| | - D Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece
| | - S Malamis
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780-GR Athens, Greece
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8
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Xi H, Zhou X, Arslan M, Luo Z, Wei J, Wu Z, Gamal El-Din M. Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification process: Promising but a long way to go in the wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150212. [PMID: 34536867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The traditional biological nitrogen removal (BNR) follows the conventional scheme of sequential nitrification and denitrification. In recent years, novel processes such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), complete oxidation of ammonia to nitrate in one organism (comammox), heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are gaining tremendous attention after the discovery of metabolically versatile bacteria. Among them, HN-AD offers several advantages because individual bacteria could achieve one-stage nitrogen removal under aerobic conditions in the presence of organic carbon. In this review, besides classical BNR processes, we summarized the existing literature on HN-AD bacteria which have been isolated from diverse habitats. A particular focus was given on the diversity and physiology of HN-AD bacteria, influences of physiological and biochemical factors on their growth, nitrogen removal performances, as well as limitations and strategies in unraveling HN-AD metabolic pathways. We also presented case studies of HN-AD application in wastewater treatment facilities, pointed out forthcoming challenges of HN-AD in these systems, and presented modulation strategies for HN-AD application in engineering. This review may help improve the existing design of wastewater treatment plants by harnessing HN-AD bacteria for effective nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Xi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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9
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Wu Z, Gao J, Cui Y, Li D, Dai H, Guo Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhao M. Metagenomics insights into the selective inhibition of NOB and comammox by phenacetin: Transcriptional activity, nitrogen metabolism and mechanistic understanding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150068. [PMID: 34525735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenacetin (PNCT), a common antipyretic and analgesic drug, is often used to treat fever and headache. However, the effect of PNCT on nitrifiers in wastewater treatment processes remains unclear. The practicability of attaining partial nitrification (PN) through inhibitor-PNCT was investigated in this study. The optimal treatment conditions of soaking once for 18 h with 2.50 × 10-3 g PNCT/(g MLSS) were applied to the PN stability experiment. The results showed that ammonia oxidation activity recovered quickly after 3 cycles of operation, while nitrite oxidation activity was suppressed steadily. In addition, average ammonium removal efficiency and nitrite accumulation ratio during 138 cycles could reach 94.94% and 85.38%, respectively. Complimentary DNA high-throughput sequencing and oligotyping analysis showed that the activity of Nitrosomonas would gradually surpass Nitrospira after PNCT treatment only once. The decrease of Nitrospira activity was accompanied by the simplification of oligotypes after PNCT treatment, while Nitrosomonas could adapt to PNCT stress by reducing the differences between oligotypes. Metagenomics revealed that the decrease in the number of NXR in the nitrogen metabolism pathways was the key reason for achieving PN. The potential mechanisms might be that the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and complete ammonia oxidizers were bio-killed by PNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yingchao Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huihui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ziqiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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10
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Sun H, Jiang T, Zhang F, Zhang P, Zhang H, Yang H, Lu J, Ge S, Ma B, Ding J, Zhang W. Understanding the effect of free ammonia on microbial nitrification mechanisms in suspended activated sludge bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111737. [PMID: 34302827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During nitrification, the varieties of microbial structures, metabolic pathways and functional profiles in four parallel laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with 0.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of free ammonia (FA) concentrations were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SBRs were named S0.5, S5, S10 and S15, respectively. Ammonia removal via the nitrate pathway was achieved in S0.5 and S5 throughout the whole experimental period, while ammonia removal via the nitrite pathway was established in S10 and S15 after 89 and 146 day, respectively. The key finding of this study is that both the microbial diversity and richness were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the FA concentration at different taxonomic levels. The most dominant taxa of S5, S10 and S15 were same, and mainly included Thauera while S0.5 was mainly composed of Zoogloea. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was used to identify unique biomarkers in SBR activated sludge (AS) sample. The functional genera and enzyme in the four SBRs are similar but different in abundance and they are responsible for the removal of organics and nitrogen. Moreover, metabolic pathways are similar by PICRUSt analysis. The relative proportions of pathway-specific genes involved in some metabolic pathways differed to some extent. The ammonia oxidation rate was positively linked to Nitrosomonas and amo (both Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) = 0.777) while the nitrite oxidation rate was positively linked to Nitrospira (ρ = 0.777) by co-occurrence network analysis. This work deciphered the response of microbial characteristics to different FA constraints in AS process and could provide helpful information for revealing the biological mechanism of FA inhibition on nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Tingting Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianbo Lu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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11
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Zhang F, Peng Y, Wang Z, Jiang H, Ren S, Qiu J. New insights into co-treatment of mature landfill leachate with municipal sewage via integrated partial nitrification, Anammox and denitratation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125506. [PMID: 33765565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a low consumption and high efficiency process, Partial Nitrification-Anammox/denitratation (PNAD) was applied to co-treat mature landfill leachate with municipal sewage for 300 days. Specifically, ammonia (670.2 ± 63.7 mg N/L) contained in mature landfill leachate was firstly oxidized to nitrite (611.5 ± 28.1 mg N/L) in sequence batch reactor (SBRPN); meanwhile, organic matter in municipal sewage was partially removed in another reactor (SBROMR); finally, nitrite produced (611.5 ± 28.1 mg N/L) in SBRPN and ammonia (53.1 ± 6.4 mg N/L) residing in pretreated municipal sewage were simultaneously degraded through combined Anammox-denitratation process in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASBAD). A satisfactory effluent quality of 10.3 mg/L TN was obtained after long-term operation, with Anammox and denitrification contributing to 86.2% and 5.8% nitrogen removal efficiency, respectively. Mass balance confirmed 67.2% nitrate generated from Anammox could be reduced to nitrite and in-situ reused. Anammox bacteria genes and nitrate reductase/nitrite reductase ratio were highly detected, accelerating combined Anammox-denitratation. Further, Ca. Brocadia triumph among various Anammox bacteria groups, increasing from 1.2% (day 120) to 3.6% (day 280).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jingang Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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12
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Liu J, Yu S, Cong D, Yue J, Yang C, Wang X, Ni C, Wang T. Optimization of a novel single air-lift sequencing bioreactor for raw piggery wastewater treatment: Nutrients removal and microbial community structure analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124431. [PMID: 33264743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sequencing batch and intermittent air-lift bioreactor (SBIAB) was evaluated under the three independent variables to treat raw piggery wastewater. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), air flow rate and sludge retention time (SRT) on the nutrients removal of SBIAB were researched. The optimum values of HRT, air flow rate and SRT were 8 d, 2 l/min and 20 d, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were up to 89.5%, 93.5%, 61.1% and 57.3%, respectively. Generally, the nutrients removal performance could be enhanced with increasing HRT from 6 to 10 d, while it was inhibited at air flow rate of 3 l/min. Higher air flow rate caused the alkaline pH and high free ammonia concentration, which imposed restrictions on the process of wastewater treatment. In the SBIAB, a coupling of aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic zone was formed according to the changes of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values at the optimum condition. Microbial community structure analysis indicated that the functional microbes including Brachymonas, Prokaryote, Giesbergeria, Comamonadaceae bacterium, Clostridiales bacterium, Comamonas, Tissierella, Aequorivita were enriched in the SBIAB, which played a significant role in the removal of complex organics and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Shaopeng Yu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Donglai Cong
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Junguang Yue
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Tiane Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
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13
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Cui Y, Gao J, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Rapid start-up of partial nitrification process using benzethonium chloride-a novel nitrite oxidation inhibitor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123860. [PMID: 32707510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzethonium chloride (BZC) is an antibacterial compound with extensive applications in various anti-infective products. However, the feasibility of attaining partial nitrification of municipal wastewater using BZC has not been reported. In this work, BZC was used for the first time to attain partial nitrification. Batch experiments indicated nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was more vulnerable to BZC than ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). When activated sludge was treated only once with 0.023 g BZC·(g MLSS)-1 for 18 h, partial nitrification was attained at the 29th cycle with NAR of 97.46% and sustained 91 cycles in stability tests. Complimentary DNA sequencing analysis revealed the suppression of Nitrospira was the reason for partial nitrification. Oligotyping analysis indicated AOB could likely resist to BZC by both the species shifts and development of tolerance, while most NOB species could not adapt to BZC. This study revealed the feasibility of BZC as a novel NOB inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Da Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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14
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Li S, Duan H, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Zheng M. Adaptation of nitrifying community in activated sludge to free ammonia inhibition and inactivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138713. [PMID: 32380412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sludge treatment using free ammonia (FA) is an innovative approach that was recently reported effective achieving stable mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway. This study aims to investigate the adaptation of nitrifying community and the response of nitrification performance to high-level of FA exposure under real wastewater conditions. Two parallel lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were operated and fed with real municipal wastewater, with one receiving sludge treatment by FA and another as a control. While the FA approach rapidly achieved partial nitrification with a nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of approximately 60%, the partial nitrification eventually failed due to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) adaptation to FA inactivation. NOB activity in the inoculum was suppressed by 82% after exposure to FA at ~220 mg NH3-N/L. However, towards the end of the experiments, significantly higher NOB activities were observed after exposure to the same level of FA. Distinct behaviours of NOB observed in batch tests during the study supported the reactor operational data and strongly suggested the adaptation of NOB under the FA stress. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed the underlying mechanism of the observed adaptation: the dominant NOB changed from Nitrospira to Candidatus Nitrotoga. It is for the first time shown that Ca. Nitrotoga are highly resistant to FA inhibition and inactivation in comparison to Nitrospira and Nitrobacter. In addition, while the Nitrosomonas genus was always the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) throughout the study, different shift in a species level was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Li X, Tan XW, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Li BL, Jin R. Highly efficient and low-energy nitrogen removal of sludge reduction liquid by coupling denitrification- partial nitrification-Anammox in an innovative auto-recycling integration device with different partitions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122880. [PMID: 32007855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The denitrification (DN), partial nitrification (PN) and Anammox processes were coupled in an auto-recycling integration device to remove nitrogen from the supernatant of sludge reduction pretreatment. The nitrogen removal performance of the device and the effect of organic matter concentration on the nitrogen transformation were discussed. The results showed that DN, PN and Anammox are well coupled and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate reached 0.85 kg/(m3·d). The pre-DN process can achieve the removal of NO3--N produced by the back-end PN-Anammox process without the need of reflux pump drive. When the influent NH4+-N concentration was approximately 400 mg/L, the effluent TN concentration was less than 20 mg/L. The fluctuation of organic matter led to changes of nitrogen transformation in the system, and the best ratio of influent CODbio/TN was 0.7-0.9. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Brocadia played important roles in the nitrogen removal process as the main functional microorganisms of PN and Anammox, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xin-Wei Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Bo-Lin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Run Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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16
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Lee DJ, Hsieh MH. Forward osmosis membrane processes for wastewater bioremediation: Research needs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121795. [PMID: 31326216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research and development works have been made to develop forward osmosis (FO) processes as a cost-effective substitute for energy intensive water vacuum suction facility in submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) applications. Perceived to be a spontaneous water driven process without external applied pressures, the FO has been applied in lab and pilot scales for wastewater bioremediation. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art developments on the FO unit, the process, and ways of enhancing process performance, particularly on the aspects of flux enhancement, flow resistance reduction, and draw solute with low reverse salt diffusion, which are relevant to enhanced osmotic MBR performance. The perspective to realize the use of FO processes in revision of currently existing energy intensive osmotic MBR processes is discussed with research needs being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Technology and Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Ren Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Ni BJ, Liu Y. Linking the nitrous oxide production and mitigation with the microbial community in wastewater treatment: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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