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Ibitoye SE, Loha C, Mahamood RM, Jen TC, Alam M, Sarkar I, Das P, Akinlabi ET. An overview of biochar production techniques and application in iron and steel industries. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:65. [PMID: 38960979 PMCID: PMC11222365 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating innovation and environmental responsibility has become important in pursuing sustainable industrial practices in the contemporary world. These twin imperatives have stimulated research into developing methods that optimize industrial processes, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness while mitigating undesirable ecological impacts. This objective is exemplified by the emergence of biochar derived from the thermo-chemical transformation of biomass. This review examines biochar production methods and their potential applications across various aspects of the iron and steel industries (ISI). The technical, economic, and sustainable implications of integrating biochar into the ISI were explored. Slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization are the most efficient methods for higher biochar yield (25-90%). Biochar has several advantages- higher heating value (30-32 MJ/kg), more porosity (58.22%), and significantly larger surface area (113 m2/g) compared to coal and coke. However, the presence of biochar often reduces fluidity in a coal-biochar mixture. The findings highlighted that biochar production and implementation in ISI often come with higher costs, primarily due to the higher expense of substitute fuels compared to traditional fossil fuels. The economic viability and societal desirability of biochar are highly uncertain and vary significantly based on factors such as location, feedstock type, production scale, and biochar pricing, among others. Furthermore, biomass and biochar supply chain is another important factor which determines its large scale implementation. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities to reduce emissions from BF-BOF operations by utilizing biochar technologies. Overall, the present study explored integrating diverse biochar production methods into the ISI aiming to contribute to the ongoing research on sustainable manufacturing practices, underscoring their significance in shaping a more environmentally conscious future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun E Ibitoye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- School of Engineering, Woxsen University, Kamkole Village, Sadasivpet, Sangareddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India.
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
| | - Chanchal Loha
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rasheedat M Mahamood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Tien-Chien Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Meraj Alam
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Partha Das
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Esther T Akinlabi
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
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Gaur VK, Gautam K, Sharma P, Gupta S, Pandey A, You S, Varjani S. Carbon-based catalyst for environmental bioremediation and sustainability: Updates and perspectives on techno-economics and life cycle assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112793. [PMID: 35090873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global rise in the generation of waste has caused an enormous environmental concern and waste management problem. The untreated carbon rich waste serves as a breeding ground for pathogens and thus strategies for production of carbon rich biochar from waste by employing different thermochemical routes namely hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis has been of interest by researchers globally. Biochar has been globally produced due to its diverse applications from environmental bioremediation to energy storage. Also, several factors affect the production of biochar including feedstock/biomass type, moisture content, heating rate, and temperature. Recently the application of biochar has increased tremendously owing to the cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Thus this communication summarized and highlights the preferred feedstock for optimized biochar yield along with the factor influencing the production. This review provides a close view on biochar activation approaches and synthesis techniques. The application of biochar in environmental remediation, composting, as a catalyst, and in energy storage has been reviewed. These informative findings were supported with an overview of lifecycle and techno-economical assessments in the production of these carbon based catalysts. Integrated closed loop approaches towards biochar generation with lesser/zero landfill waste for safeguarding the environment has also been discussed. Lastly the research gaps were identified and the future perspectives have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; India Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India.
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Sterenzon E, Vadivel VK, Gerchman Y, Luxbacher T, Narayanan R, Mamane H. Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:118-128. [PMID: 35036683 PMCID: PMC8757339 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a low-cost, sustainable, and viable adsorbent (pine tree-derived biochar) to remove acid dyes such as acid violet 17 (AV), which is used in the silk dyeing industry. As a case study, the AV removal process was demonstrated using synthetic effluent and further as a proof of concept using real dye effluent produced from the Sirumugai textile unit in India. The pine tree-derived biochar was selected for removal of aqueous AV dye in batch and fixed-bed column studies. The adsorbent material was characterized for crystallinity (XRD), surface area (BET), surface morphology and elemental compositions (SEM-EDX), thermal stability (TGA), weight loss (DGA), and functional groups (FTIR). Batch sorption studies were performed to evaluate (i) adsorption at various pH values (at pH 2 to 7), (ii) isotherms (at 10, 25, and 35 °C) to assess the temperature effect on the sorption efficiency, and (iii) kinetics to reveal the effect of time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration on the reaction rate. After systematic evaluation, 2 g/L biochar, 25 mg/L AV, pH 3, 40 °C, and 40 and 360 min in a completely mixed batch study resulted in 50 and 90% dye removal, respectively. The isoelectric point at pH 3.7 ± 0.2 results in maximum dye removal, therefore suggesting that monitoring the ratio of different effluent (acid/wash/dye) can improve the colorant removal efficiency. The Langmuir isotherm best fits with the sorption of AV to biochar, provided a maximal dye uptake of 29 mg/g at 40 °C, showing that adsorption was endothermic. Fixed-bed studies were conducted at room temperature with an initial dye concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L. The glass columns were packed with biochar (bed depth 20 cm, pore volume = 14 mL) at an initial pH of 5.0 and a 10 mL/min flow rate for 120 min. Finally, the regeneration of the adsorbent was achieved using desorption studies conducted under the proposed experimental conditions resulted in 90-93% removal of AV even after five cycles of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Sterenzon
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vinod Kumar Vadivel
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department
of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa and Oranim College, Tivon 3600600, Israel
| | - Thomas Luxbacher
- Anton
Paar GmbH, Anton Paar Str. 20, 8054 Graz, Austria
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University
of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College
of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641049, India
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Recepoglu YK, Goren AY, Orooji Y, Khataee A. Carbonaceous materials for removal and recovery of phosphate species: Limitations, successes and future improvement. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132177. [PMID: 34826904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbonaceous materials have gained significant interest for the phosphorus species remediation and recovery in the last decade. Carbonaceous materials present many unique features, such as cost effective, availability, environmentally friendly, and high removal efficiency that make them a promising adsorbent. In this review, the recent application of carbonaceous materials including activated carbon (AC), graphene and graphene oxide (GO), lignin, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and gC3N4 for phosphate removal and recovery were comprehensively summarized. The kinetics and isotherm models, removal mechanisms, and effects of operating parameters are reported. The reusability, lifetime of carbonaceous materials, and impact of modification were also considered. The modified carbonaceous materials have significantly high phosphate adsorption capacity compared to unmodified adsorbents. Namely, MgO-functionalized lignin-based bio-charcoal exhibited a 906.8 mg g-1 of capacity as the highest one among other reviewed materials. The modification of carbonaceous materials with various elements has been presented to improve the surface functional groups, surface area and charge, and pore volume and size. Among these loaded elements, iron has been effectively used to provide a prospect for magnetic recovery of the adsorbent as well as increase phosphate adsorption. Furthermore, the phosphate recovery methods, phosphate removal efficiency of carbonaceous materials, the limitations, important gaps in the literature, and future studies to enhance applicability of carbonaceous materials in real scale are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar K Recepoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A Yagmur Goren
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasin Orooji
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey.
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Birer AM, Gözmen B, Sönmez Ö, Kalderis D. Evaluation of sewage sludge biochar and modified derivatives as novel SPE adsorbents for monitoring of bisphenol A. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128866. [PMID: 33172672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is abundant biomass, the sustainable management of which remains a big issue worldwide. It was demonstrated that pyrolysis of sewage sludge using simple and cost-effective apparatus can produce biochars, suitable for solid-phase extraction applications of hydrophobic analytes. Detailed characterization showed that modification lead to three more hydrophobic and one more hydrophilic sample, compared to the original biochar. All samples were evaluated in the solid-phase extraction of the emerging contaminant Bisphenol A from aqueous solutions. KOH-SSB and KOH/MeOH-SSB exhibited the most promising behavior, with the latter achieving recoveries of 88.1%, at a quantity of 0.1 g at the natural pH of the BPA solution (6.5). The effect of solution pH was insignificant in the range of 4-7, whereas the initial BPA concentration had no effect in the recovery within the range of 1-100 μg L-1. The mechanism of interaction between the optimum sample and BPA was based on hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, establishing earlier observations that the type (and not concentration) of individual surface groups and the total surface area play a significant role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Mulla Birer
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gözmen
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Özgür Sönmez
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.
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Turunç E, Akay S, Baran T, Kalderis D, Tsubota T, Kayan B. An easily fabricated palladium nanocatalyst on magnetic biochar for Suzuki–Miyaura and aryl halide cyanation reactions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable biochar material for the synthesis of a novel heterogeneous catalyst for organic reactions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersan Turunç
- Advanced Technology of Education
- Research and Application Center
- Mersin University
- Mersin
- Turkey
| | - Sema Akay
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Aksaray University
- 68100 Aksaray
- Turkey
| | - Talat Baran
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Aksaray University
- 68100 Aksaray
- Turkey
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- Hellenic Mediterranean University
- Chania 73100
- Greece
| | - Toshiki Tsubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Kitakyushu 804-8550
- Japan
| | - Berkant Kayan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Aksaray University
- 68100 Aksaray
- Turkey
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