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Jadhav DA, Park SG, Pandit S, Yang E, Ali Abdelkareem M, Jang JK, Chae KJ. Scalability of microbial electrochemical technologies: Applications and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126498. [PMID: 34890815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During wastewater treatment, microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are a promising means for in situ energy harvesting and resource recovery. The primary constraint for such systems is scaling them up from the laboratory to practical applications. Currently, most research (∼90%) has been limited to benchtop models because of bioelectrochemical, economic, and engineering design limitations. Field trials, i.e., 1.5 m3 bioelectric toilet, 1000 L microbial electrolysis cell and industrial applications of METs have been conducted, and their results serve as positive indicators of their readiness for practical applications. Multiple startup companies have invested in the pilot-scale demonstrations of METs for industrial effluent treatment. Recently, advances in membrane/electrode modification, understanding of microbe-electrode interaction, and feasibility of electrochemical redox reactions have provided new directions for realizing the practical application. This study reviews the scaling-up challenges, success stories for onsite use, and readiness level of METs for commercialization that is inexpensive and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak A Jadhav
- Division of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Logistics System (Environmental Major), College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431010, India
| | - Sung-Gwan Park
- Division of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Logistics System (Environmental Major), College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, AlMinya, Egypt
| | - Jae-Kyung Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Engineering Energy and Environmental Engineering Division, 310 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Division of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Logistics System (Environmental Major), College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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