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Kogame T, Egawa G, Nomura T, Kabashima K. Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957711. [PMID: 36268032 PMCID: PMC9578251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has been made to clarify the nature of ILCs, and scientific progress revealed that progenitor cells of ILC can produce ILC subsets that are functionally reminiscent of T-cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17. Thus, now it comes to the notion that ILC progenitors are considered an innate version of naïve T cells. Another important discovery was that ILC progenitors in the different tissues undergo different modes of differentiation pathways. Furthermore, during the embryonic phase, progenitor cells in different developmental chronologies give rise to the unique spectra of immune cells and cause a wave to replenish the immune cells in tissues. This observation leads to the concept of layered immunity, which explains the ontology of some cell populations, such as B-1a cells, γδ T cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Thus, recent reports in ILC biology posed a possibility that the concept of layered immunity might disentangle the complexity of ILC heterogeneity. In this review, we compare ILC ontogeny in the bone marrow with those of embryonic tissues, such as the fetal liver and embryonic thymus, to disentangle ILC heterogeneity in light of layered immunity.
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Do AR, Ko DY, Kim J, Bak SH, Lee KY, Yoon D, Shin C, Kim S, Kim WJ, Won S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Airway Wall Thickening in a Korean Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071258. [PMID: 35886039 PMCID: PMC9318537 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway wall thickening (AWT) plays an important pathophysiological role in airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are only a few studies on the genetic components contributing to AWT in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify AWT-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We performed GWAS for AWT using the CODA and KUCOPD cohorts. Thereafter, a meta-analysis was performed. Airway wall thickness was measured using automatic segmentation software. The AWT at an internal perimeter of 10 mm (AWT-Pi10) was calculated by the square root of the theoretical airway wall area using the full-width-half-maximum method. We identified a significant SNP (rs11648772, p = 1.41 × 10-8) located in LINC02127, near SALL1. This gene is involved in the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glial cells, and it affects bronchial wall depression in COPD patients. Additionally, we identified other SNPs (rs11970854, p = 1.92 × 10-6; rs16920168, p = 5.29 × 10-6) involved in airway inflammation and proliferation and found that AWT is influenced by these genetic variants. Our study helps identify the genetic cause of COPD in an Asian population and provides a potential basis for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ra Do
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Do Yeon Ko
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea;
| | - Dankyu Yoon
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea;
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
| | - Sungho Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- RexSoft Inc., Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
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Guards! Guards! How innate lymphoid cells ensure local law and order. Biomed J 2021; 44:105-111. [PMID: 33994144 PMCID: PMC8178564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue of the Biomedical Journal is dedicated to the latest official recruits in the field of immunology: innate lymphoid cells, the tissue-resident sentinels and first responders to damage or invasion. Subsequently, we consider extracellular vesicle release during bacterial infection, how immunomodulation can avoid compromising Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance, and how innate immunity jeopardises the organism during rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, we ponder over the predictive value of cardiac troponin in influenza, the virtues of cashew nuts and bilirubin, as well as holes in the heart. Finally, we learn that mandibular movement during swallowing increases with the vertical dimension of occlusion, and that early controlled relaxation incisions restore the blood supply to the extremities in harlequin ichthyosis neonates.
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