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Gómez-Ríos MÁ, Sastre JA, Onrubia-Fuertes X, López T, Abad-Gurumeta A, Casans-Francés R, Gómez-Ríos D, Garzón JC, Martínez-Pons V, Casalderrey-Rivas M, Fernández-Vaquero MÁ, Martínez-Hurtado E, Martín-Larrauri R, Reviriego-Agudo L, Gutierrez-Couto U, García-Fernández J, Serrano-Moraza A, Rodríguez Martín LJ, Camacho Leis C, Espinosa Ramírez S, Fandiño Orgeira JM, Vázquez Lima MJ, Mayo-Yáñez M, Parente-Arias P, Sistiaga-Suárez JA, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Charco-Mora P. Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), Spanish Society of Emergency and Emergency Medicine (SEMES) and Spanish Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) Guideline for difficult airway management. Part II. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2024; 71:207-247. [PMID: 38340790 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Á Gómez-Ríos
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - J A Sastre
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - X Onrubia-Fuertes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitary Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - T López
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Abad-Gurumeta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Casans-Francés
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J C Garzón
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Martínez-Pons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Casalderrey-Rivas
- Department of Anesthesiology. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Á Fernández-Vaquero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Hurtado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Reviriego-Agudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - U Gutierrez-Couto
- Biblioteca, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J García-Fernández
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; President of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - J M Fandiño Orgeira
- Emergency Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M J Vázquez Lima
- Emergency Department, Hospital do Salnes, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain; President of the Spanish Emergency Medicine Society (SEMES), Spain
| | - M Mayo-Yáñez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - P Parente-Arias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J A Sistiaga-Suárez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Bernal-Sprekelsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; President of the Spanish Society for Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC), Spain
| | - P Charco-Mora
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Heidegger T, Asai T. Fibreoptic intubation: a commitment to an indispensable technique. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:793-796. [PMID: 37479592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that fibreoptic intubation is still an indispensable technique for safe management of predicted difficult airways, despite the implementation of new technologies such as videolaryngoscopy. It is therefore our obligation as anaesthesia societies and as practicing anaesthetists to offer this technique to our patients in clearly designated situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heidegger
- Department of Anaesthesia, Spital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Takashi Asai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Centre, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
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Karlsen KAH, Gisvold SE, Nordseth T, Fasting S. Incidence, causes, and management of failed awake fibreoptic intubation-A retrospective study of 833 procedures. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:1341-1347. [PMID: 37587618 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Awake fibreoptic intubation has been considered a gold standard in the management of the difficult airway. However, failure may cause critical situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and causes of failed awake fibreoptic intubation at a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted at St. Olav University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway. Problems occurring during anaesthesia are routinely recorded in the electronic anaesthesia information system (Picis Clinical Solutions Inc.), including difficult intubations. We applied text search on all anaesthesia records between 2011 and 2021 and identified 833 awake fibreoptic intubations. The anaesthesia records were examined to identify failed awake fibreoptic intubations, the cause of failure and how the airway ultimately was secured. Among 233,938 patients who received anaesthesia, 90,397 received tracheal intubation and 833 received awake fibreoptic intubation. Twenty-nine of the procedures failed. In nine patients the failure caused loss of airway control with desaturation and hypoventilation. The major causes of failure were dislodged tube after induction of general anaesthesia (n = 8), patient distress (n = 5), tube not able to pass (n = 5), and airway bleeding (n = 3). The situations were primarily solved using direct laryngoscopy, with or without bougie, or with video laryngoscopy. Tracheostomy was performed in four patients. Awake fibreoptic intubation failed in 3.5% of patients, most often due to dislocation, problems passing the tracheal tube, or patient discomfort. The failure rate was higher than in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Erik Gisvold
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging. Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordseth
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging. Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Fasting
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging. Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Asai T, Heidegger T. Practical training method for fiberoptic intubation. J Anesth 2023; 37:811-812. [PMID: 37286886 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asai
- Department of Anesthesia, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya City, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan.
| | - Thomas Heidegger
- Department of Anaesthesia, Spital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zheng J, Du L, Du B, Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen G. Airway nerve blocks for awake tracheal intubation: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials and trial sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth 2023; 88:111122. [PMID: 37054484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the superiority of airway nerve blocks versus airway anesthesia without nerve blocks for awake tracheal intubation (ATI). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SETTING All studies that assessed the superiority of airway anesthesia technique for awake tracheal intubation were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Embase and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP databases) and trial registry databases from their inception to December 2022. PATIENTS Adult patients included in randomized controlled trials comparing airway anesthesia with or without airway nerve blocks for ATI. INTERVENTIONS Airway nerve (including superior laryngeal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, or recurrent laryngeal nerve) blocks for ATI. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the intubation time. Secondary outcomes were quality of intubating conditions (including patient reaction to placement of the flexible scope and tracheal tube, coughing and gagging, and patient satisfaction) and overall complications during ATI. MAIN RESULTS Fourteen articles with 658 patients were identified for analysis. When compared with airway anesthesia without nerve blocks, airway nerve blocks significantly reduced intubation time (standardized mean difference [SMD] -2.57, 95% CI -3.59- -1.56, p < 0.00001), improved anesthesia quality of ATI with higher no reaction to placement of the flexible scope and tracheal tube (relative risk [RR] 9.87; 95% CI 4.10-23.75, p < 0.00001), lower cough or gag reflex during intubation (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.27-0.46, p < 0.00001), higher excellent patient satisfaction rate (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05-3.34, p = 0.03), and lower overall complications (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19-0.45, p < 0.00001). The overall quality of evidence was moderate. CONCLUSIONS Based on current published evidence, airway nerve blocks provide better airway anesthesia quality for ATI with a shorter intubation time, better intubation conditions including higher no reaction to placement of the flexible scope and tracheal tube, lower cough or gag reflex during intubation, higher excellent patient satisfaction, and lower overall complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37th, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.55th, People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37th, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37th, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37th, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37th, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Xia M, Xu T, Cao S, Jin C, Pei B, Jiang H. A learning curve of a novel multimodal endotracheal intubation assistant device for novices in a simulated airway: a prospective manikin trial with cumulative sum method. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1389-1397. [PMID: 36072535 PMCID: PMC9442200 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awake fiberoptic intubation is conventionally performed in anticipated difficult airways. However, obstruction by secretions and sputum makes it challenging for novices. A prototype of a novel multimodal endotracheal intubation assistant device (MEIAD) was developed for an indication of airway according to end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and image. At the tip, 4 sampling tubes collected ETCO2 concentration. The airway direction is located according to an advanced algorithm based on 4 directions' concentrations. It assists awake intubation, especially with unclear view field. The objective was to analyze the learning curve of MEIAD for novices on a manikin by cumulative sum method (CUSUM) and evaluate the utility. METHODS A total of 16 novice residents with less than 2-year clinical experience were enrolled. After instruction, each individual exercised 40 insertions with MEIAD on a difficult airway simulation. Insertion success (defined as a visualization of the carina within 120 seconds), insertion time (the time from when the guiding scope entered the nasal cavity to the carina was visible), and self-confidence score (subjective score with a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10) were recorded. The acceptable and unacceptable failure rates of CUSUM were set as 15% and 30%, respectively. The exercises were divided into 2 phases (phase 1: 1-20, phase 2: 21-40) for further evaluation. All continuous data were expressed by median (IQR, interquartile ranges) and analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. All categorical variables were expressed as percentages and compared by the χ2 test. RESULTS Among the 16 residents, 15 were able to cross the lower decision boundary in an average of 21.27±9.51 attempts using the novel device. The insertion time [24.0 (17.0-42.0) vs. 17.5 (14.0-28.0) seconds, P<0.001] and success rate (88.4% vs. 97.5%, P<0.001) were improved with increased experience. The confidence score was significantly improved from 2.5 (1.3-4.0) to 7.0 (7.0-8.0). CONCLUSIONS MEIAD showed a satisfactory learning curve and efficacy on the manikin for novices. However, as a small exploratory manikin trial, the results cannot be replicated in clinical practice. MEIAD is expected to be further improved and potential to be an alternative device for difficult airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Awake Intubation Techniques, and Why It Is Still an Important Skill to Master. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-022-00529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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