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Cossi MVC, Polveiro RC, Yamatogi RS, Camargo AC, Nero LA. Multi-locus sequence typing, antimicrobials resistance and virulence profiles of Salmonella enterica isolated from bovine carcasses in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1773-1781. [PMID: 38702536 PMCID: PMC11153481 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles and determine the sequence type (ST) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Salmonella enterica isolates from bovine carcasses from slaughterhouse located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and its relationship with bovine isolates obtained on the American continent based on sequence type profile. The MLST results were compared with all Salmonella STs associated with cattle on American continent, and a multi-locus sequence tree (MS tree) was built. Among the 17 S. enterica isolates, five ST profiles identified, and ST10 were the most frequent, grouping seven (41.2%) isolates. The isolates presented 11 different profiles of virulence genes, and six different antibiotics resistance profiles. The survey on Enterobase platform showed 333 Salmonella STs from American continent, grouped into four different clusters. Most of the isolates in the present study (13/17), were concentrated in a single cluster (L4) composed by 74 STs. As a conclusion, five different STs were identified, with ST10 being the most common. The isolates showed great diversity of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance profiles. Most of the isolates of this study were grouped into a single cluster composed by 74 STs formed by bovine isolates obtained on the American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Camargo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
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Kikongo Ntabugi MM, Manegabe BJ, Dewar JB, Sekomo Birame C. Class 1 and 2 integrons and antibiotic resistance profile in Salmonella spp. from San Cristobal River, Laguna, Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38037746 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2289047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with multidrug resistant bacteria is a significant public health concern. Bacteria culture of water samples (n=120) collected in San Cristobal River, Philippines, showed that half (n=60) were positive for Salmonella spp. Screening of all isolates (n=179) for susceptibility to antibiotics showed that most (76.4%; n=113) were positive for class 1 integrons, of which one isolate was also positive for the class 2 integron. The presence of class 1 integrons was associated with resistance to antibiotics (p<0.05). Sequencing of class 1 integron variable regions (VRs) differeciated 11 gene cassettes: dfrA1 or dfrA17; aadA1 or aadA2; blaCTX-M-2 or bla-OXA-1; SmdAB; CmlA1 and aaC 3-Id. However, sequencing of class 2 integron VR differenciated estX, sat2, and aadA1. These results provide insights into evolutionary changes within bacterial multidrug resistant cassettes, more accurately to estimate heath risk associated with the river water. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahati J Manegabe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Unisa Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John B Dewar
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Unisa Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Chen S, Fu J, Zhao K, Yang S, Li C, Penttinen P, Ao X, Liu A, Hu K, Li J, Yang Y, Liu S, Bai L, Zou L. Class 1 integron carrying qacEΔ1 gene confers resistance to disinfectant and antibiotics in Salmonella. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 404:110319. [PMID: 37473468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella has presented increasingly alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance believed to be a result of a high prevalence of integrons. It is speculated that disinfectant-resistant isolates are due to the expression of qacEΔ1, an efflux pump located in the 3' conserved sequence (3'CS) of class 1 integrons. With this concern, we tested the antibiotic and disinfectant resistance of 581 Salmonella strains collected from different sources, and characterized their integron structures. Gene expression and induction experiments were also performed. Results showed that Salmonella have high resistance to antimicrobials, especially to sulfonamides (SAs, 78.83 %), tetracyclines (TCs, 75.04 %) and benzalkonium chloride (BC, 87.26 %). The multi-drug resistance (MDR) frequency reached up to 63.17 %, and the prevalence of intI1 was 45.78 %. Molecular characterization of class 1 integrons exhibited nine different gene cassette arrays, of these, dfrA12-orf-aadA2 (n = 75), EstX (n = 25) and aadA2 (n = 14) were the most frequent. Importantly, 74.06 % of intI1-positive isolates were carrying qacEΔ1-sul1 genes in the 3'CS. This study also demonstrated that phenotypic resistance to both antibiotics and disinfectants was significantly correlated with the emergence of intI1 (p < 0.05). 91.37 % of qacEΔ1-sul1 positive Salmonella were found with disinfectant resistance. Additionally, expression of qacEΔ1 gene in Escherichia coli confirmed qacEΔ1 is predominantly involved in conferring disinfectant resistance. Disinfectant induction experiments further implicated qacEΔ1 in disinfectant resistance. RT-qPCR revealed a disinfectant-mediated increase in the relative expression of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), aadA2 and dfrA12 on the integron, and efflux pump genes (mdtH and acrD) indicating that disinfectant could trigger co or cross-resistance. Therefore, our study confirmed that using disinfectant could provide selection pressure for strains with acquired resistance to antibiotics, providing new insights into the public health impact of Salmonella and guide continued efforts in antimicrobial stewardship and prevention of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingxia Fu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Province Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Bai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9640828. [PMID: 36406904 PMCID: PMC9668442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9640828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistantfood-borne bacteria is a great challenge to public health. This study was conducted to characterize and determine the resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from foods including sesames, ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, mango juices, and lettuce in Burkina Faso. One hundred and forty-eight biochemically identified Salmonella isolates were characterized by molecular amplification of Salmonella marker invA and spiC, misL, orfL, and pipD virulence genes. After that, all confirmed strains were examined for susceptibility to sixteen antimicrobials, and PCR amplifications were used to identify the following resistance genes: blaTEM, temA, temB, StrA, aadA, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). One hundred and eight isolates were genetically confirmed as Salmonella spp. Virulence genes were observed in 57.4%, 55.6%, 49.1%, and 38% isolates for pipD, SpiC, misL, and orfL, respectively. Isolates have shown moderate resistance to gentamycin (26.8%), ampicillin (22.2%), cefoxitin (19.4%), and nalidixic acid (18.5%). All isolates were sensitive to six antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Among the 66 isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic, 11 (16.7%) were multidrug resistant. The Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella serovars ranged from 0.06 to 0.53. PCR detected 7 resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), blaTEM, temB, sul1, sul2, and aadA) in drug-resistant isolates. These findings raise serious concerns because ready-to-eat food in Burkina Faso could serve as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance genes worldwide.
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Orabi A, Armanious W, Radwan IA, Girh ZMSA, Hammad E, Diab MS, Elbestawy AR. Genetic Correlation of Virulent Salmonella Serovars (Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases) Isolated from Broiler Chickens and Human: A Public Health Concern. Pathogens 2022; 11:1196. [PMID: 36297253 PMCID: PMC9610193 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the virulent Salmonella serovars (including ESBLs producing) isolated from broiler chickens and humans. Three hundred broilers and sixty human fecal samples were bacteriologically examined. Thirty (10%) and fourteen (23.4%) Salmonella isolates were recovered from broiler and human samples, respectively. The most predominant serovar was S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium. All Salmonella isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR-based invA and ompA genes. Multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were screened for the detection of adrA and csgD biofilm-associated genes, which were found in all isolated serovars except one S. typhimurium and 2 S. infantis of chicken isolates that were devoid of the adrA gene. Moreover, MDR isolates were screened for detection of seven resistance genes including ESBLs and other classes of resistance genes. Chicken isolates harbored blaTEM, int1, blaCTX and qnrS genes as 100, 27.8, 11.1 and 11.1%, respectively, while all human isolates harbored blaTEM, int1 and int3 genes. The genetic correlations between virulent Salmonella serovars (including antimicrobial resistance) avian and human origins were compared. In conclusion, the high prevalence of virulent ESBL producing Salmonella serovars in broilers and humans with genetic correlations between them might be zoonotic and public health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wagih Armanious
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Radwan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Enas Hammad
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Diab
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El Kharga 72511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Shittu OB, Uzairue LI, Ojo OE, Obuotor TM, Folorunso JB, Raheem-Ademola RR, Olanipekun G, Ajose T, Medugu N, Ebruke B, Obaro SK. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from droppings of layer chicken in two farms in Nigeria. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3891-3906. [PMID: 35129256 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica serovar from two commercial farms in Nigeria. METHODS AND RESULTS Salmonella isolation was performed according to the United States Food and Drug Agency (USFDA) method. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of resistance and virulence genes were done using the Kauffman-White Scheme, disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Salmonella serovars were isolated from only farm A at 22/50 (44.0%) while none were isolated from farm B. Salmonella Typhi, 9 (40.9%); Salmonella Typhimurium, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Enteritidis, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Pullorum, 1 (4.5%), Salmonella Kentucky, 4 (18.2%) were identified while 4 (18.2%) were untypable. Sixteen isolates (72.7%) showed multiple drug resistance and 17 different resistance profile types with AMP-CHL-TRM-SXT as the most prevalent pattern. Resistance genes (blaTEM, 12/22 (54.5%) and virulence genes (InvA, sopB, mgtC, and spi4D, 22/22 (100.0%), ssaQ, 16/22 (72.7%), and spvC, 13/22 (59.1%) were found, while blaSHV, blaCTX-M, floR, tetA, tetB, tetG, and LJSGI-1 genes were absent. CONCLUSION Pathogenic Salmonella were isolated from the chicken droppings in this study. Most of these strains were resistant to antibiotics and possessed characteristics of virulence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Chicken droppings from this study area contained pathogenic strains of Salmonella and a rare occurrence of Salmonella Typhi. The study revealed that the environment and the food chain could be at risk of contamination of highly virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella. These could affect the profitability of the poultry industry and food consumption. There is a need for caution in indiscriminate disposal of poultry waste and the use of uncomposted chicken droppings in soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke B Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Leonard I Uzairue
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.,International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi E Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope M Obuotor
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Jamiu B Folorunso
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Ajose
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nubwa Medugu
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Ebruke
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Stephen K Obaro
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria(IFAIN), Abuja, Nigeria.,Pediatric Infectious Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Rajaei M, Moosavy MH, Gharajalar SN, Khatibi SA. Antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from raw kebab and hamburger: phenotypic and genotypic study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 34615465 PMCID: PMC8495966 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, interest in the consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products has been increased in many countries. However, RTE products particularly those prepared by meat may be potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistance foodborne pathogens. Considering kebab and hamburger are the most popular RTE meat products in Iran, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of common foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in raw kebab and hamburger samples collected from fast-food centers and restaurants. Therefore, total bacterial count (TBC), as well as the prevalence rates and antibiogram patterns of foodborne pathogens in the samples were investigated. Also, the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes (blaSHV, blaTEM,blaZ, and mecA) was studied in the isolates by PCR. Results The mean value of TBC in raw kebab and hamburger samples was 6.72 ± 0.68 log CFU/g and 6.64 ± 0.66 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli had the highest prevalence rate among the investigated pathogenic bacteria in kebab (70%) and hamburger samples (48%). Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus were also recovered from 58, 50, and 36% of kebab samples, respectively. The contamination of hamburger samples was detected to S. aureus (22%), L. monocytogenes (22%), and Salmonella spp. (10%). In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, all isolates exhibited high rates of antibiotic resistance, particularly against amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin (79.66–100%). The blaTEM was the most common resistant gene in the isolates of E. coli (52.54%) and Salmonella spp. (44.11%). Fourteen isolates (23.72%) of E. coli and 10 isolates (29.41%) of Salmonella spp. were positive for blaSHV. Also, 16 isolates (55.17%) of S. aureus and 10 isolates (27.27%) of L. monocytogenes were positive for mecA gene. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that raw kebab and hamburger are potential carriers of antibiotic-resistance pathogenic bacteria, which can be a serious threat to public health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02326-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rajaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir-Hassan Moosavy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Nouri Gharajalar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Khatibi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Campylobacter and Salmonella in Scavenging Indigenous Chickens in Rural Central Tanzania: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genomic Features. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. are commonly reported bacterial foodborne pathogens causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In rural areas, where there is a high occurrence rate of human–animal interactions and poor hygiene practices, shedding animals present a high risk to humans in acquiring animal-associated infections. Materials and methods: Seasonal prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Salmonella spp. in scavenging indigenous chicken faeces was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance was studied in Salmonella isolates by disc diffusion method, and whole-genome sequenced isolates were used to determine Salmonella serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, and plasmid profile. Results: The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in chickens was 7.2% in the dry season and 8.0% in the rainy season (p = 0.39), and that of Salmonella was 11.1% in the dry season and 16.2% in the rainy season (p = 0.29). Salmonella serovars detected were II 35:g,m,s,t:-, Ball, Typhimurium, Haardt/Blockley, Braenderup, and Enteritidis/Gallinarum. One S. II 35:g,m,s,t:- isolate was resistant to ampicillin and the rest were either intermediate resistant or pansusceptible to the tested antimicrobials. The resistance genes observed were CatA, tetJ, and fosA7, most common in Ball than in other serovars. Seven plasmids were identified, more common in serovar Ball and less common in II 35:g,m,s,t:-. Serovar II 35:g,m,s,t:- isolates were missing some of the virulence genes important for Salmonella pathogenicity found in other serovars isolated. Conclusion: PCR detection of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in chickens necessitate the improvement of hygiene at the household level and reducing human–chicken interaction as a strategy of preventing humans from acquiring chicken-associated bacteria, which would enter the human food chain. Infrequent use of antimicrobials in this type of poultry is most likely the reason for the low rates of antimicrobial resistance observed in this study.
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Kumar N, Mohan K, Georges K, Dziva F, Adesiyun AA. Occurrence of Virulence and Resistance Genes in Salmonella in Cloacae of Slaughtered Chickens and Ducks at Pluck Shops in Trinidad. J Food Prot 2021; 84:39-46. [PMID: 32818228 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The study used PCR to determine the molecular basis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of isolates of Salmonella by targeting genes encoding for carriage and persistence in the poultry. Of a total 1,503 cecal samples collected from poultry, 91 (6.1%) were positive for Salmonella. Ten different serotypes were detected from Salmonella isolates. The study was also conducted to determine the occurrence of 13 virulence and 12 resistance genes in isolates of Salmonella. All 46 isolates of Salmonella tested were positive for one or more of the 12 virulence genes detected, ranging from 0.0% (viaB) to 100.0% (invA, mgtB, pipA, and spi4D) (P < 0.05). Occurrence of virulence genes varied significantly (P < 0.05) by serotype but not by animal species. Only 4 (33.3%) of 12 resistance genes assayed were detected: strA, ampC, cmy2, and qnrB. Overall, the occurrence of detected resistance genes was 71.7% (33 of 46), and 87.1 and 40.0% of the isolates from chickens and ducks, respectively, were positive (P = 0.0009). The occurrence of resistance genes ranged from 2.2% (cmy2) to 50.0% (qnrB) in isolates positive for resistance gene. The findings provide evidence that poultry from "pluck shops" are colonized by Salmonella pathogens that harbor virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes; this may have clinical and therapeutic consequences, if the genes detected are expressed. Although there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems, there should be constant monitoring for the prevalence of resistance in Salmonella isolates using phenotypic methods. The importance of monitoring the occurrence of resistance genes in the pathogens in Trinidad cannot be ignored. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumar
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine 331311, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-6996 [N.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-7654 [K.M.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Krishna Mohan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine 331311, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-6996 [N.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-7654 [K.M.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine 331311, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-6996 [N.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-7654 [K.M.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Francis Dziva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine 331311, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-6996 [N.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-7654 [K.M.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Abiodun A Adesiyun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine 331311, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-6996 [N.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-7654 [K.M.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.]).,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Castro-Vargas RE, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Rondón-Barragán IS. Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron in Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Poultry Farms in Santander - Colombia. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Hammadi MA, Al-Shamahy HA, Ali AQ, Abdulghani MAM, Pyar H, Al-Suboal I. Class 1 Integrons in Clinical Multi Drug Resistance <i>E. coli</i>, Sana'a Hospitals, Yemen. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:231-239. [PMID: 31944083 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.231.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The occurrence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli is one responsible for raised mortality and morbidity and was reported as major health problem. Class 1 integrons has crucial role in distributing antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. Present work was aimed to determine the prevalence of class 1 integrons and its association with antibiotic resistance in MDR E. coli isolated from patient's body fluid and tissues from 6 health centers in Sana'a, Yemen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study a total of 198 E. coli from patients diagnosed with infection that had been referred to 6 hospitals and medical diagnostic from July, 2017 to August, 2017 in Sana'a, Yemen. Susceptibility of E. coli isolates to 15 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Conventional polymerase chain reaction was used for detection of class 1 of integrons in 100 randomly selected MDR E. coli. RESULTS Overall 174 (87.9%) of 198 E. coli isolates were MDR. Class 1 integrons were detected in 67% of the randomly selected 100 of 198 MDR E. coli. A significant range (p<0.05-p<0.0001) was identified between presence of class 1 integrons and resistance to ceftriaxone, aztreonam, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotoxime, cefepime-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while no significant difference were identified between integron class 1 and resistance to gentamicin, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. CONCLUSION High MDR E. coli isolates were detected in this study, among them the prevalence of class 1 integrons is the most common. The significant association between class 1 integrons and resistance to common prescribed antibiotics in hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen.
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Gutema FD, Agga GE, Abdi RD, De Zutter L, Duchateau L, Gabriël S. Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of Salmonella in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:102. [PMID: 31037239 PMCID: PMC6476277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for Salmonella. We estimated a pooled prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of Salmonella in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Scopus, CAB direct) and through manual search. We obtained 71 publications with 75 datasets consisting a total of 52,766 animals examined and 5,010 Salmonella positive cattle from 29 countries in six continents (except from Antarctica). Pooled prevalence of Salmonella in cattle was 9% (95% confidence interval: 7-11%). Significantly high heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.7%, P < 0.01) was observed among all studies as well as within continents. Prevalence varied from 2% (Europe) to 16% (North America). Overall, 143 different serotypes were reported with the most diverse serotypes being reported from Africa (76 different serotypes) followed by North America (49 serotypes). The 10 most frequently reported serotypes (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Kentucky, Meleagridis, Anatum, Cerro, Mbandaka, Muenster, Newport, and Senftenberg) accounted for 65% of the isolates for which specific serotype information was reported. Salmonella Montevideo and S. Dublin are the most frequently reported serotypes in North America and Europe, respectively, while S. Typhimurium was the most frequent in Africa, Asia and Australasia. Our results indicated variability both in the prevalence and serotype diversity of Salmonella in cattle across continents. Although all Salmonella serotypes are potentially pathogenic to humans, five (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Anatum, Mbandaka, and Newport) of the top 10 serotypes identified in this study are among the serotypes most commonly associated with clinical illnesses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanta D. Gutema
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Getahun E. Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bowling Green, KY, United States
| | - Reta D. Abdi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Greenvale, NY, United States
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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