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Ma Z, Wang X, Li C. Advances in anti-invasive fungal drug delivery systems. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:318-327. [PMID: 37476943 PMCID: PMC10409907 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the first-line drugs for invasive fungal infections (IFI), such as amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole, have drawbacks including poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and severe side effects. Using drug delivery systems is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of traditional antifungal therapy. Synthetic and biomimetic carriers have greatly facilitated the development of targeted delivery systems for antifungal drugs. Synthetic carrier drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, polymer micelles, and microspheres, can improve the physicochemical properties of antifungal drugs, prolong their circulation time, enhance targeting capabilities, and reduce toxic side effects. Cell membrane biomimetic drug delivery systems, such as macrophage or red blood cell membrane-coated drug delivery systems, retain the membrane structure of somatic cells and confer various biological functions and specific targeting abilities to the loaded antifungal drugs, exhibiting better biocompatibility and lower toxicity. This article reviews the development of antifungal drug delivery systems and their application in the treatment of IFI, and also discusses the prospects of novel biomimetic carriers in antifungal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Ruan L, Su M, Qin X, Ruan Q, Lang W, Wu M, Chen Y, Lv Q. Progress in the application of sustained-release drug microspheres in tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100394. [PMID: 36042853 PMCID: PMC9420381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained-release drug-loaded microspheres provide a long-acting sustained release, with targeted and other effects. There are many types of sustained-release drug microspheres and various preparation methods, and they are easy to operate. For these reasons, they have attracted widespread interest and are widely used in tissue engineering and other fields. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of the application of sustained-release drug microspheres in tissue engineering. First, we introduce this new type of drug delivery system (sustained-release drug carriers), describe the types of sustained-release drug microspheres, and summarize the characteristics of different microspheres. Second, we summarize the preparation methods of sustained-release drug microspheres and summarize the materials required for preparing microspheres. Third, various applications of sustained-release drug microspheres in tissue engineering are summarized. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings and discuss future prospects in the development of sustained-release drug microspheres. The purpose of this paper was to provide a further systematic understanding of the application of sustained-release drug microspheres in tissue engineering for the personnel engaged in related fields and to provide inspiration and new ideas for studies in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Mengrong Su
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Xinyun Qin
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Qingting Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Wen Lang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, China
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Tharappel AM, Li Z, Zhu YC, Wu X, Chaturvedi S, Zhang QY, Li H. Calcimycin Inhibits Cryptococcus neoformans In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting the Prp8 Intein Splicing. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1851-1868. [PMID: 35948057 PMCID: PMC9464717 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a significant concern in the treatment of diseases, including cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (Cne) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cga). Alternative drug targets are necessary to overcome drug resistance before it attains a critical stage. Splicing of inteins from pro-protein precursors is crucial for activities of essential proteins hosting intein elements in many organisms, including human pathogens such as Cne and Cga. Through a high-throughput screening, we identified calcimycin (CMN) as a potent Prp8 intein splicing inhibitor with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 μg/mL against the wild-type Cne-H99 (Cne-WT or Cne). In contrast, CMN inhibited the intein-less mutant strain (Cne-Mut) with a 16-fold higher MIC. Interestingly, Aspergillus fumigatus and a few Candida species were resistant to CMN. Further studies indicated that CMN reduced virulence factors such as urease activity, melanin production, and biofilm formation in Cne. CMN also inhibited Cne intracellular infection in macrophages. In a target-specific split nanoluciferase assay, the IC50 of CMN was 4.6 μg/mL. Binding of CMN to recombinant Prp8 intein was demonstrated by thermal shift assay and microscale thermophoresis. Treating Cne cells with CMN reduced intein splicing. CMN was fungistatic and showed a synergistic effect with the known antifungal drug amphotericin B. Finally, CMN treatment at 20 mg/kg body weight led to 60% reduction in lung fungal load in a cryptococcal pulmonary infection mouse model. Overall, CMN represents a potent antifungal with a novel mechanism of action to treat Cne and possibly Cga infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mathew Tharappel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721-0207, United States
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721-0207, United States
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Yan Chun Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Xiangmeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Sudha Chaturvedi
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona 85721-0207, United States
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Thammasit P, Tharinjaroen CS, Tragoolpua Y, Rickerts V, Georgieva R, Bäumler H, Tragoolpua K. Targeted Propolis-Loaded Poly (Butyl) Cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles: An Alternative Drug Delivery Tool for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723727. [PMID: 34489710 PMCID: PMC8417799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe a nano-carrier system for propolis that is able to cross an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and effectively reduce the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans in animal models. Antimicrobial properties of propolis have been widely studied. However, propolis applications are limited by its low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Therefore, we recently formulated novel poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PBCA-NP) containing propolis. PBCA-NP are biocompatible, biodegradable and have been shown to effectively cross the BBB using apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as a ligand. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, propolis entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. Additionally, the PBCA-NP were functionalized with polysorbate 80, which then specifically adsorbs ApoE. Using an in vitro BBB model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells hCMEC/D3, it was shown that fluorescence labelled ApoE-functionalized PBCA-NP were internalized by the cells and translocated across the cell monolayer. Propolis-loaded PBCA-NP had in vitro, antifungal activity against C. neoformans, which causes meningitis. To utilize the invertebrate model, Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with C. neoformans and treated with propolis-loaded PBCA-NP. The larvae exhibited normal behavior in toxicity testing, and treatment with propolis-loaded PBCA-NP increased survival in the C. neoformans-infected larvae group. In addition, following cryptococcal infection and then 7 days of treatment, the tissue fungal burden of mice treated with propolis-loaded PBCA-NP was significantly lower than control groups. Therefore, our ApoE-functionalized propolis-loaded PBCA-NP can be deemed as a potential targeted nanoparticle in the therapeutic treatment of cerebral cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Thammasit
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayada Sitthidet Tharinjaroen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Infectious Disease Research Unit (IDRU), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Volker Rickerts
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Radostina Georgieva
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medical Physics, Biophysics and Radiology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Hans Bäumler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Khajornsak Tragoolpua
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Infectious Disease Research Unit (IDRU), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Alsaif N, Wani TA, Bhat MA. Pomegranate peel induced biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their multifaceted potential against intracellular pathogen and cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4191-4200. [PMID: 34354399 PMCID: PMC8325005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of nano-biotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) share a status of high repute owing to their remarkable medicinal values. Biological synthesis of environment-friendly AgNPs using plant extracts has emerged as the beneficial alternative approach to chemical synthesis. In the current study, we have synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (PG-AgNPs) using the peel extract of Punica granatum as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized PG-AgNPs were characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer potential. UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the formation of biogenic PG-AgNPs. The antibacterial potential was assessed against the biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes. The PG-AgNPs were efficacious against sessile bacteria and their biofilm as well. The as-synthesized nanoparticles at sub-MIC values showed dose-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation. Corroborating results were observed under crystal violet assay, Congo red staining, Confocal microscopy and SEM analysis. The anticancer ability of the nanoparticles was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. As evident from the MTT results, PG-AgNPs significantly reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Morphological changes and DNA fragmentation showed the strong positive effect of PG-AgNPs on the induction of apoptosis. Collectively, the as-synthesized PG-AgNPs evolved with synergistically emerged attributes that were effective against L. monocytogenes and also inhibited its biofilm formation; moreover, the system displayed lower cytotoxic manifestation towards mammalian cells. In addition, the PG-AgNPs embodies intriguing anticancer potential against metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alsaif
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq A. Bhat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Alsaif N, Algrain N, Wani TA, Bhat MA. Enhanced Efficacy of Thiosemicarbazone Derivative-Encapsulated Fibrin Liposomes against Candidiasis in Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030333. [PMID: 33806702 PMCID: PMC7998974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most studied species for the candidiasis infection and is becoming resistant towards existing antifungal drugs. Considering this, in the current study, we developed and characterized a fibrin liposome-based formulation encapsulating a novel thiosemicarbazone derivative, 2C, and evaluated its antifungal efficacy against murine candidiasis. The 2C-containing formulation was prepared by encapsulating 2C within the liposomes (2C-L) that were further encapsulated in the fibrin beads (2C-FL). The in-house synthesized 2C-FLs were spherical with a zeta potential of −34.12 ± 0.3 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 72.6 ± 4.7%, and a loading efficiency of 9.21 ± 2.3%, and they showed a slow and sustained release of 2C. Compared to free 2C, the formulation was non-toxic and exhibited serum stability, increased tissue specificity, and penetration. The 2C-FL formulation had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4.92 ± 0.76 µg/mL and was able to induce apoptosis and necrosis in C. albicans in vitro. The administration of 2C-FL in C. albicans-infected mice prolonged their survival and antifungal effects when compared with the free 2C. The 2C-FL antifungal therapy significantly reduced the fungal burden and displayed an improved survival rate. In conclusion, the 2C thiosemicarbazone derivative possesses a potent antifungal activity that became more advantageous upon its encapsulation in the fibrin liposome delivery system.
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Srivastava A, Verma A, Saraf S, Jain A, Tiwari A, Panda PK, Jain SK. Mucoadhesive gastroretentive microparticulate system for programmed delivery of famotidine and clarithromycin. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:151-163. [PMID: 33205689 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1851787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present research was aimed to develop thiolated polyacrylic acid (TPA) based microspheres (MSPs) containing famotidine (FX) and clarithromycin (CLX). METHODS TPA was synthesised from polyacrylic acid and l-cysteine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC). The prepared TPA was characterised using FT-IR (Fourier transform-infra red), 1H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, P-XRD (powder X ray diffraction) method, and zeta potential. The analytical tools have supported the formation of TPA. The thiolated microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using 0.75% w/v polymer concentration and stirring at 400 rpm for 8 hr. RESULTS The average particle size and zeta potential of optimised formulation was found to be 25.2 ± 1.87 μm and -26.68 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of the optimised formulation was obtained 67.20% for FX and 70.20% for CLX. The developed microspheres were swelled only in 4 h from 0.5 to 0.9. The in vitro mucoadhesive study and in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that microspheres showed mucoadhesive property. In in vitro drug release studies, the release of FX and CLX were observed to be 58.68% and 60.48%, respectively from microspheres in 8 h. The thiolated microspheres showed higher adhesion time (7.0 ± 0.8 h) in comparison to the plain microspheres (2.6 ± 0.4 h). CONCLUSION The prepared TPA based mucoadhesive microspheres can be utilised as carriers for the treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori which will offer enhanced residence time for the rational drug combination in the gastric region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Shivani Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India.,Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankita Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Pritish K Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Alginate Microparticles Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Candida Infections. Int J Biomater 2020; 2020:2514387. [PMID: 32802065 PMCID: PMC7416289 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2514387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most effective antifungal agents commonly used to treat this infection. However, it induces severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, cardiac alterations, nausea, fever, and liver damage. The utilization of drug delivery systems has been explored to overcome these limitations. Several AmB lipid formulations have been developed and are currently available in the market. Although they have the ability to reduce the main side effects of free AmB, their high cost, necessity of repeated intravenous injections for successful treatment, and incidence of pulmonary toxicity have limited their use. In the last decades, alginate has gained significant interest in drug delivery applications as a cost-effective strategy to improve the safety and therapeutic effect of toxic drugs. In this work, the clinically relevant drug AmB was encapsulated into alginate microparticles using the emulsification/external gelation method. We hypothesize that this synthesis strategy may positively impact the antifungal efficacy of AmB-loaded MCPs toward Candida albicans cells while reducing the toxicity in human lung cells. To prove this hypothesis, the ability of the microplatform to disrupt the cellular membrane potential was tested and its antifungal effectiveness toward Candida albicans cells was evaluated using the cell counting and plate count methods. Moreover, the toxicity of the microplatform in human lung cells was evaluated using CellTiter 96® AQueous cell viability assay and qualitative diffusion analysis of acridine orange. Our results demonstrated that the platform developed in this work was able to induce antifungal toxicity against Candida albicans yeast cells at the same level of free AmB with minimal toxicity to lung cells, which is one of the main side effects induced by commercial drug delivery systems containing AmB. Overall, our data provides convincing evidence about the effectiveness of the alginate-based microplatform toward Candida albicans cells. In addition, this vehicle may not require several infusions for a successful treatment while reducing the pulmonary toxic effect induced by commercial lipid formulations.
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Spadari CDC, de Bastiani FWMDS, Lopes LB, Ishida K. Alginate nanoparticles as non-toxic delivery system for miltefosine in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5187-5199. [PMID: 31371955 PMCID: PMC6636311 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s205350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective Previous studies indicate that miltefosine (MFS) may be an alternative as an antifungal agent; however, it presents several adverse effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce miltefosine-loaded alginate nanoparticles (MFS.Alg) for toxicity reduction to be used as an alternative for the treatment of cryptococcosis and candidiasis. Methods Alginate nanoparticles were produced using the external emulsification/gelation method, and their physicochemical and morphological characteristics were analyzed. MFS encapsulation efficiency, release assay and toxicity on red blood cells and on Galleria mellonella larvae were assessed. The antifungal activity was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo larval models of G. mellonella infected with Candida albicans (SC5314 and IAL-40), Cryptococcus neoformans H99 and Cryptococcus gattii ATCC 56990. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by survival curve, colony forming unit (CFU) counting and histopathological analysis. Results MFS.Alg nanoparticles presented a mean size of 279.1±56.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.42±0.15 and a zeta potential of -39.7±5.2 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of MFS was 81.70±6.64%, and its release from the nanoparticles occurred in a sustained manner. MFS in alginate nanoparticles presented no hemolytic effect and no toxicity in G. mellonella larvae. Treatment with MFS.Alg extended the survival time of larvae infected with C. albicans and C. gattii. In addition, the fungal burden reduction was confirmed by CFU and histopathological data for all groups treated with 200 mg/Kg of MFS.Alg. Conclusion These results support the use of alginate-based drug delivery systems as carriers for MFS for drug toxicity reduction and control of the fungal infection in the in vivo model of G. mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Castro Spadari
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Biagini Lopes
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Jabeen M, Khan S, Malik A. Additive potential of combination therapy against cryptococcosis employing a novel amphotericin B and fluconazole loaded dual delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:171-178. [PMID: 29653177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most lethal fungi causing mortality across the globe. Immuno-competent patients and patients taking immuno-suppressive medications are extremely susceptible to its infection. For effective removal of cryptococcal burden, there is an urgent need for new forms of therapy. In the present study, we have explored the potential effects of amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLC) in combination, against cryptococcosis in Swiss albino mice. To enhance the therapeutic potential of the tested drugs, they were entrapped into fibrin microspheres; a dual delivery vehicle comprising of poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLGA) microsphere that was additionally encapsulated into the fibrin cross-linked plasma bead. Dynamics of fibrin microspheres included survival and fungal burden in lung, liver and spleen of treated mice. While each drug was effective in combination or alone, prominent additive potential of AMB and FLC were clearly observed when used in fibrin microsphere. Significant reduction in fungal burden and increase in survival rate of AMB + FLC-fibrin microspheres treated mice shows an extensive accessibility of both tested drugs without any side-effects. A full potential of two-drug combination encapsulated in fibrin microspheres proposes an effective approach of safe delivery to the target site in their intact form and decrease the drug associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Jabeen
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Cryptococcus is among the most common invasive fungal pathogens globally and is one of the leading causes of acquired immunodeficiency virus-related deaths. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the most clinically relevant species and account for most cryptococcal disease. Pulmonary manifestations can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening infection. Treatment is tailored based on the severity of pulmonary infection, the presence of disseminated or central nervous system disease, and patient immune status. Amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole remain the standard agents for the treatment of severe cryptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Skolnik
- Division of Respirology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rockyview General Hospital, University of Calgary, Respirology Offices, 7007 14th Street Southwest, Calgary, Alberta T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Shaunna Huston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Room 4AA08, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher H Mody
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Room 4AA14, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Room 4AA14, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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