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Monecke S, Boswihi S, Braun SD, Diezel C, Müller E, Reinicke M, Udo E, Ehricht R. Sequencing a CC239-MRSA-III with a novel composite SCC mec element from Kuwait. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1761-1775. [PMID: 38990431 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus CC239-MRSA-III is an ancient pandemic strain of hospital-associated, methicillin-resistant S. aureus that spread globally for decades and that still can be found in some parts of the world. In Kuwait, microarray-based surveillance identified from 2019 to 2022 a series of isolates of a hitherto unknown variant of this strain that carried a second set of recombinase genes, ccrA/B-2. To elucidate the structure of its SCCmec element, two isolates were subjected to nanopore sequencing. This revealed, in addition to ccrA/B-2, several SCC-associated genes including speG (spermidine N acetyltransferase) and a gene encoding a large "E-domain containing protein" (dubbed as edcP-SCC). This gene contained three regions consisting of multiple repeating units. In terms of sequence and structure it was similar but not identical to the biofilm-related aap gene from S. epidermidis. A review of published sequences identified edcP-SCC in eighteen genome sequences of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. capitis, and frequently it appears in a similar cluster of genes as in the strains sequenced herein. Isolates also carried a prophage with the adhesion factor sasX/sesI and aminoglycoside resistance genes. This is consistent with an affiliation to the "South-East Asian" Clade of CC239. The emergence of edcP-SCC and sasX-positive CC239 strain shows that, against a global trend towards community-associated MRSA, the ancient pandemic CC239 hospital strain still continues to evolve and to cause outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.
| | - Samar Boswihi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Edet Udo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Andrade-Figueiredo M, Luz ACDO, da Mota Silveira V, Leal-Balbino TC. Comparison of genotyping methods and toxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220321. [PMID: 38224487 PMCID: PMC10789239 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of Gram-positive infections, and methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA) primarily colonize and infect community hosts. Multiple virulence factors are involved, with toxins playing a significant role in several diseases. In this study, we assess the prevalence of toxin genes in 89 S. aureus clinical isolates (31 MRSA and 58 MSSA). We evaluated the discriminatory power of the association of internal transcribed spacer-PCR (ITS-PCR) and 3'- end coa gene ( coa-PCR) when compared with other more commonly used and costly techniques. The isolates showed a high level of genetic diversity, and toxins were found in all the isolates. While most toxin classes displayed no statistically significant correlations and were equally distributed in isolates regardless of their resistance status, classic enterotoxins ( sea-see) showed a positive correlation with MSSA isolates. The combination of coa-PCR with ITS-PCR showed a discriminatory index of 0.84, discriminating 22 genotypes that agree with previously determined data by PFGE and MLST. This association between the two PCR-based methods suggests that they can be useful for an initial molecular epidemiological investigation of S. aureus in hospitals, providing significant information while requiring fewer resources.
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Essien UC, Boswihi SS, Agbakoba NR, Udo EE. Description of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 30 Related to the Pandemic Phage Type 80/81 Isolated from Patients in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Jos, North Central Nigeria. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:269-275. [PMID: 35580557 PMCID: PMC9275013 DOI: 10.1159/000524755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of phage 80/81 Staphylococcus aureus strains, the pandemic strains that were dominant in the 1950s, had declined in the 1960s and 1970s. However, these strains have reemerged in some countries in recent years. This study investigated the antibacterial resistance, virulence, and the genetic backgrounds of CC30-MSSA isolates obtained from patients in three tertiary hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two CC30-MSSA isolates cultured from different clinical samples were investigated using antibiotic sensitivity testing, spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and DNA microarray analysis. RESULTS All 22 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC ≤2 μg/mL), teicoplanin (MIC ≤2 μg/mL), and cefoxitin but were resistant to penicillin G (n = 22; 100.0%), tetracycline (n = 12; 54.5%), ciprofloxacin (n = 15; 68.2%), cadmium acetate (n = 22; 100%), mercuric chloride (n = 13; 59.1%), and ethidium bromide (n = 3; 13.6%). The isolates belonged to sequence type, ST30, and five spa types: t012 (n = 12; 54.5%), t019 (n = 5; 22.7%), t017 (n = 2; 9.1%), t037 (n = 2; 9.1%), and t318 (n = 1; 4.5%). All 22 isolates were positive for agrIII, cap8, clfA, clfB, icaA, icaC, icaD, cna, and staphylococcal enterotoxin gene clusters (seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, seu). Eight isolates carried lukS-PV and lukF-PV that code for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. CONCLUSION The current CC30-MSSA isolates share phenotypic and genotypic characteristics with the pandemic phage 80/81 isolates that were common in the 1950s and 1960s. Continued surveillance is recommended to keep abreast of the changing epidemiology of S. aureus causing healthcare and community-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unyime C. Essien
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnewi Campus, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Samar S. Boswihi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nneka R. Agbakoba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnewi Campus, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Edet E. Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Silva V, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Vieira-Pinto M, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs. Pathogens 2022; 11:548. [PMID: 35631069 PMCID: PMC9143024 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have showed that a dog-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus occurs. Hunting dogs do not have as much contact with their owners as dogs that live in the same household as the owners; however, these dogs have contact with their owners during hunting activities as well as when hunting game; therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from hunters and their hunting dogs to investigate a possible S. aureus transmission. Nose and mouth samples were collected from 30 hunters and their 78 hunting dogs for staphylococcal isolation. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were accessed using the Kirby-Bauer method and respective antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa- and agr-typing was performed in all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus were detected in 10 (30%) human samples and in 11 (15.4%) dog samples of which 11 and 5 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Other staphylococci were identified, particularly, S. pseudintermedius. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Evidence of a possible transmission of S. aureus between human and dogs was detected in three hunters and their dogs. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 10 STs and 9 spa-types. A moderate colonization of S. aureus in hunting dogs and their owners was detected in this study. A few dog-to-dog and dog-to-human possible transmissions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Javed S, McClure J, Syed MA, Obasuyi O, Ali S, Tabassum S, Ejaz M, Zhang K. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in water buffaloes from the Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268152. [PMID: 35512008 PMCID: PMC9071125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffalo represent a major source of milk in Pakistan. However, production is impacted by the disease bovine mastitis. Mastitis causes significant economic losses, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being one of its major causative agents. While much work has been done understanding the epidemiology of bovine mastitis in Pakistan, detailed molecular characterization of the associated S. aureus is unavailable. In the current study both the epidemiological and molecular characterization of S. aureus from bovine mastitis in the Hazara division of Pakistan are examined. S. aureus was isolated from 18.41% of the animals, and left quarters more prone to infection (69.6%) than right quarters (30.4%). Sub-clinical mastitis (75.31%) was more prevalent than clinical mastitis (24.69%), with infections evenly distributed amongst the eight districts. Molecular characterization revealed that only 19.6% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant, and four strains types identified, including ST9-t7867-MSSA, ST9-MSSA, ST101-t2078-MSSA, and ST22-t8934-MRSA-IVa. Antiseptic resistance genes were not detected in the isolates, and low levels of antibiotic resistance were also noted, however the methicillin-resistant strains had higher overall antibiotic resistance. This study represents the most complete molecular typing data for S. aureus causing bovine mastitis in the Hazara district of Pakistan, and the country as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Javed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - JoAnn McClure
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Osahon Obasuyi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, One Health Research Group, Discipline of Zoology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Baroja I, Guerra S, Coral-Almeida M, Ruíz A, Galarza JM, de Waard JH, Bastidas-Caldes C. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ecuador and Associated Risk Factors. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3433-3440. [PMID: 34471363 PMCID: PMC8403571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and is therefore a public health issue. Colonization with MRSA is a risk factor for infection or transmission. Purpose To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage. Methods Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2. Results Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7–24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39–7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively). Conclusion About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baroja
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sara Guerra
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Coral-Almeida
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformatica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandra Ruíz
- Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador.,IESS Quito Sur General Hospital, Institutional Coordination of Epidemiological Surveillance and Infectology, Molecular Microbiology, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Miguel Galarza
- Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad de Biociencias, Gerencia de Molecular y Oncodiagnóstico, SIMED S.A., Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública y Animal, Universidad de Extremadura, Extremadura, España
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Briones-Claudett KH, Briones-Claudett MH, Armijo EAM, Martinez Alvarez ME, Briones Zamora KH, Briones Marquez DC, Icaza-Freire AP, Grunauer M. Cavitary Pneumonia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Non-Immunocompromised Patient After an Endoscopy: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e930136. [PMID: 34253705 PMCID: PMC8286802 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.930136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia has well-defined characteristics. We present a case of cavitary pneumonia due to MRSA in a patient who had undergone a recent outpatient gastroscopic procedure. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old man presented at the Emergency Department with tonic-clonic seizures of 2 min durations. He had a history of seizures without current treatment or use of psychostimulant drugs. His personal history referred to hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine, morbid type 3 obesity, gastritis with a gastric ulcer, penicillin allergies, and an ambulatory endoscopy with a biopsy (7 days ago) for erosive gastropathy. On the 3rd day of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), a bronchoscopy was performed, which showed a reddened mucosa with hemorrhagic points and a cavitary area in the right main bronchus. Multiple polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry analyses of samples of bronchioalveolar lavage from the bronchus revealed MRSA with a mechanism of resistance to the mecA gene (1×10⁵ colony-forming unit/mL). The laboratory results for the cerebrospinal fluid were negative for bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS This is a rare case of cavitary pneumonia due to MRSA of clinical and epidemiological characteristics, which is unusual after an outpatient endoscopic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killen H. Briones-Claudett
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Intensive Care Unit, Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS), Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | - Mónica H. Briones-Claudett
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Intensive Care Unit, Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS), Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Killen H. Briones Zamora
- Physiology and Respiratory Center Briones-Claudett, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Michelle Grunauer
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Critical Care Unit, Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
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8
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Bouiller K, Bertrand X, Hocquet D, Chirouze C. Human Infection of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus CC398: A Review. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111737. [PMID: 33167581 PMCID: PMC7694499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) belonging to the clonal complex 398 (CC398) took a special place within the species due to its spread throughout the world. SA CC398 is broadly separated in two subpopulations: livestock-associated methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and human-associated methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA). Here, we reviewed the global epidemiology of SA CC398 in human clinical infections and focused on MSSA CC398. The last common ancestor of SA CC398 was probably a human-adapted prophage φSa3-positive MSSA CC398 strain, but the multiple transmissions between human and animal made its evolution complex. MSSA and MRSA CC398 had different geographical evolutions. Although MSSA was present in several countries all over the world, it was mainly reported in China and in France with a prevalence about 20%. MSSA CC398 was frequently implicated in severe infections such as bloodstream infections, endocarditis, and bone joint infections whereas MRSA CC398 was mainly reported in skin and soft tissue. The spread of the MSSA CC398 clone is worldwide but with a heterogeneous prevalence. The prophage φSa3 played a crucial role in the adaptation to the human niche and in the virulence of MSSA CC398. However, the biological features that allowed the recent spread of this lineage are still far from being fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bouiller
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France;
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Hygiène Hospitalière—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
- Hygiène Hospitalière—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Chirouze
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales—Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France;
- UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (X.B.); (D.H.)
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9
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Leite TOC, Novais JS, de Carvalho BLC, Ferreira VF, Miceli LA, Fraga L, Abrahim-Vieira B, Rodrigues CR, Sá Figueiredo AM, Castro HC, Cunha AC. Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Indolequinone Derivatives against Clinically Relevant Bacterial Pathogens. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:192-208. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191223110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:
According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is one of
the most important public health threats of the 21st century. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the
development of antimicrobial agents with new mechanism of action, especially those capable of evading
known resistance mechanisms.
Objective:
We described the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation, and in silico analysis of a series
of 1H-indole-4,7-dione derivatives.
Methods:
The new series of 1H-indole-4,7-diones was prepared with good yield by using a copper(II)-
mediated reaction between bromoquinone and β-enamino ketones bearing alkyl or phenyl groups attached
to the nitrogen atom. The antimicrobial potential of indole derivatives was assessed. Molecular
docking studies were also performed using AutoDock 4.2 for Windows. Characterization of all compounds
was confirmed by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques 1H and 13C NMR spectra [1H, 13C
– APT, 1H x 1H – COSY, HSQC and HMBC], IR and mass spectrometry analysis.
Results:
Several indolequinone compounds showed effective antimicrobial profile against Grampositive
(MIC = 16 µg.mL-1) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 8 µg.mL-1) similar to antimicrobials
current on the market. The 3-acetyl-1-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-indole-4,7-dione derivative exhibited an
important effect against different biofilm stages formed by a serious hospital life-threatening resistant
strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A hemocompatibility profile analysis
based on in vitro hemolysis assays revealed the low toxicity effects of this new series. Indeed, in silico
studies showed a good pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles for all indolequinone derivatives,
reinforcing their feasibility to display a promising oral bioavailability. An elucidation of the promising
indolequinone derivatives binding mode was achieved, showing interactions with important sites to biological
activity of S. aureus DNA gyrase. These results highlighted 3-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1Hindole-
4,7-dione derivative as broad-spectrum antimicrobial prototype to be further explored for treating
bacterial infections.
Conclusion:
The highly substituted indolequinones were obtained in moderate to good yields. The
pharmacological study indicated that these compounds should be exploited in the search for a leading
substance in a project aimed at obtaining new antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Odriane Custodio Leite
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Quimica, 24020-141, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Novais
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Patologia (HUAP) e em Ciencias e Biotecnologia (PPBI), 24020-150, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Lima Cosenza de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, 24241-000, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alves Miceli
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas e Faculdade de Farmacia, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratorio de Modelagem Molecular e QSAR (MODMOLQSAR), Faculdade de Farmacia, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Abrahim-Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratorio de Modelagem Molecular e QSAR (MODMOLQSAR), Faculdade de Farmacia, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciências Farmaceuticas da Faculdade de Farmacia, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnes Marie Sá Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratorio de Modelagem Molecular e QSAR (MODMOLQSAR), Faculdade de Farmacia, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Patologia (HUAP) e em Ciencias e Biotecnologia (PPBI), 24020-150, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Cunha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Quimica, 24020-141, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Zambrano-Mila M, Rodriguez AS, Rivera-Olivero IA, Salas-Rueda M, Caceres-Orellana MV, de Waard JH, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among guinea pigs raised as livestock in Ecuador. One Health 2019; 9:100118. [PMID: 31853475 PMCID: PMC6911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in human and veterinary medicine. Here we show that 6.25% of the guinea pigs studied in Ecuador, raised as livestock, carry methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nasopharynx and therefore may potentially play a role in the transmission of MRSA in the Andean Region of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Zambrano-Mila
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Angel S Rodriguez
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Salas-Rueda
- Globalgen, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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11
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Kasela M, Grzegorczyk A, Malm A. Molecular Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Colonizing the Upper Respiratory Tract of Residents and Staff in A Nursing Home. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:371-376. [PMID: 31880882 PMCID: PMC7256757 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people living in nursing homes are a high-risk population for Staphylococcus aureus infection. Multiple comorbidities, a weakened immune system, inadequate hygienic conditions, and crowding might increase the prevalence rates of this opportunistic pathogen. However, the epidemiological aspects, genetic diversity, and transmission of S. aureus in nursing homes are still poorly understood, especially in Poland. This study aimed to determine the genetic relatedness and prevalence of colonization of S. aureus isolated from the anterior nares and the throat of residents and staff in a nursing home located in Lublin, Poland. The study showed a high S. aureus prevalence rate among participants (46.1%), yet there was a low frequency of MRSA strains among residents (1.7%) and staff (0%). The multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) analysis demonstrated a high degree of genetic diversity of S. aureus strains colonizing the anterior nares and the throat of the participants. The occurrence of simultaneous colonization with more than one unique S. aureus strain in any one individual as well as the incidence of colonization with the same genetic variant of S. aureus in different individuals was observed. These findings suggest that inter-participant S. aureus transmission might contribute to the development of cross-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kasela
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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12
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Bastidas CA, Villacrés-Granda I, Navarrete D, Monsalve M, Coral-Almeida M, Cifuentes SG. Antibiotic susceptibility profile and prevalence of mecA and lukS-PV/lukF-PV genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal and pharyngeal sources of medical students in Ecuador. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2553-2560. [PMID: 31496767 PMCID: PMC6701660 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s219358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common nasal colonizer in 20-30% of the general population. When mucosal and cutaneous barriers are disrupted, S. aureus can cause severe infections. While MRSA nasal carriers have an increased risk of infections when compared to non-carriers, prolonged exposure to the hospital environment may cause an increase in carriage of MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey questionnaire was filled for analyzing risk factors of colonization. Swab isolates were identified as S. aureus by traditional microbiological assays. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were performed following the CLSI standard guidelines. Multiplex PCR was conducted to determine the presence of genes mecA and lukS-PV/lukF-PV. Chi-squared, univariate, and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to find statistically significant associations between risk factors and the presence of S. aureus and MRSA. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six isolates were identified as S. aureus. The strains showed high resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin (inducible), and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA in medical students was 45.9% [40.4-51.6] 95% CI. PCR showed a prevalence of mecA gene in MRSA isolates of 6.1% while lukS-PV/lukF-PV gene was present in 3.2% [1.2-6.9] 95% CI of the S. aureus samples. The risk factors frequency of antibiotic intake and repeated visits to hospitals demonstrated statistical significance. CONCLUSION S. aureus and MRSA isolates have a high prevalence of colonization, and antibiotic resistance in the population studied. MRSA resistance was not related to the presence of the mecA gene. The prevalence of PVL genes was low, but it could represent a risk because they are circulating in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Bastidas
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniela Navarrete
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mishell Monsalve
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Coral-Almeida
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sara G Cifuentes
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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13
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Amoako DG, Somboro AM, Abia ALK, Allam M, Ismail A, Bester L, Essack SY. Genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry and occupational farm workers in Umgungundlovu District, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:704-716. [PMID: 30909047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates circulating in poultry and farm workers at an intensive poultry production system in uMgungundlovu, South Africa and established the genetic relatedness and characteristics of the isolates using whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 145 S. aureus were isolated from poultry (120) and occupational workers (25) in the "farm to fork" continuum (farm, transport, slaughterhouse, and retail points). Twelve MRSA (12/145; 8.3%) isolates were found in the poultry food-chain. MRSA isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of 20 antibiotics using the broth dilution method and their whole genome was sequenced via the Illumina MiSeq. All the MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and carried the mecA gene on the SCCmec mobile genetic element (MGE). The majority (11/12) of the MRSA isolates circulating between humans and animals in the continuum belonged to a human-associated clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd (2B), previously reported in South Africa. Other MGEs present in the isolates included: plasmid replicons based on Rep 7 and 20, insertion sequences (IS1182), and prophages (phi2958PVL). Genomic analysis identified a distinct acquired antibiotic resistome in the clone, which accurately predicted the phenotypic antibiograms. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates within the major cluster (I), suggesting the spread of the local dominant multidrug resistance MRSA clone ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd (2B) between humans and animals along the 'farm to fork' continuum. The findings of this study suggest the need to establish appropriate control measures to curb the spread of MDR-MRSA in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Anou Moise Somboro
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Linda Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Sabiha Yusuf Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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14
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Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00020-18. [PMID: 30209034 PMCID: PMC6148192 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00020-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, has a collection of virulence factors and the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics. This ability is further augmented by constant emergence of new clones, making S. aureus a "superbug." Clinical use of methicillin has led to the appearance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The past few decades have witnessed the existence of new MRSA clones. Unlike traditional MRSA residing in hospitals, the new clones can invade community settings and infect people without predisposing risk factors. This evolution continues with the buildup of the MRSA reservoir in companion and food animals. This review focuses on imparting a better understanding of MRSA evolution and its molecular characterization and epidemiology. We first describe the origin of MRSA, with emphasis on the diverse nature of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). mecA and its new homologues (mecB, mecC, and mecD), SCCmec types (13 SCCmec types have been discovered to date), and their classification criteria are discussed. The review then describes various typing methods applied to study the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary nature of MRSA. Starting with the historical methods and continuing to the advanced whole-genome approaches, typing of collections of MRSA has shed light on the origin, spread, and evolutionary pathways of MRSA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreena Lakhundi
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Monecke S, Slickers P, Gawlik D, Müller E, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Akpaka PE, Bandt D, Bes M, Boswihi SS, Coleman DC, Coombs GW, Dorneanu OS, Gostev VV, Ip M, Jamil B, Jatzwauk L, Narvaez M, Roberts R, Senok A, Shore AC, Sidorenko SV, Skakni L, Somily AM, Syed MA, Thürmer A, Udo EE, Vremerǎ T, Zurita J, Ehricht R. Molecular Typing of ST239-MRSA-III From Diverse Geographic Locations and the Evolution of the SCC mec III Element During Its Intercontinental Spread. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1436. [PMID: 30087657 PMCID: PMC6066798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ST239-MRSA-III is probably the oldest truly pandemic MRSA strain, circulating in many countries since the 1970s. It is still frequently isolated in some parts of the world although it has been replaced by other MRSA strains in, e.g., most of Europe. Previous genotyping work (Harris et al., 2010; Castillo-Ramírez et al., 2012) suggested a split in geographically defined clades. In the present study, a collection of 184 ST239-MRSA-III isolates, mainly from countries not covered by the previous studies were characterized using two DNA microarrays (i) targeting an extensive range of typing markers, virulence and resistance genes and (ii) a SCCmec subtyping array. Thirty additional isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and, together with published WGS data for 215 ST239-MRSA-III isolates, were analyzed using in-silico analysis for comparison with the microarray data and with special regard to variation within SCCmec elements. This permitted the assignment of isolates and sequences to 39 different SCCmec III subtypes, and to three major and several minor clades. One clade, characterized by the integration of a transposon into nsaB and by the loss of fnbB and splE was detected among isolates from Turkey, Romania and other Eastern European countries, Russia, Pakistan, and (mainly Northern) China. Another clade, harboring sasX/sesI is widespread in South-East Asia including China/Hong Kong, and surprisingly also in Trinidad & Tobago. A third, related, but sasX/sesI-negative clade occurs not only in Latin America but also in Russia and in the Middle East from where it apparently originated and from where it also was transferred to Ireland. Minor clades exist or existed in Western Europe and Greece, in Portugal, in Australia and New Zealand as well as in the Middle East. Isolates from countries where this strain is not epidemic (such as Germany) frequently are associated with foreign travel and/or hospitalization abroad. The wide dissemination of this strain and the fact that it was able to cause a hospital-borne pandemic that lasted nearly 50 years emphasizes the need for stringent infection prevention and control and admission screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Slickers
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Darius Gawlik
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Müller
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick E Akpaka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dirk Bandt
- Instituts für Labordiagnostik, Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Oberlausitz-Kliniken, Bautzen, Germany
| | - Michele Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Samar S Boswihi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Olivia S Dorneanu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Vladimir V Gostev
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Bushra Jamil
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biogenetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lutz Jatzwauk
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Narvaez
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rashida Roberts
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Abiola Senok
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna C Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sergey V Sidorenko
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Leila Skakni
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Thürmer
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edet E Udo
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teodora Vremerǎ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
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