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Ali S, Mushtaq A, Hassan L, Syed MA, Foster JT, Dadar M. Molecular epidemiology of brucellosis in Asia: insights from genotyping analyses. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10519-5. [PMID: 39230771 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis infects humans and animals worldwide but is particularly prevalent in Asia. In many Asian countries, molecular diagnostic tools for accurate molecular diagnostics and molecular epidemiology are lacking. Nonetheless, some countries have conducted in-depth molecular epidemiological studies. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic relationships, geographic origins, and distributions of Brucella strains across Asia for two primary species, B. abortus and B. melitensis. For this, we systematically searched genotyping data from published studies on the molecular epidemiology of Brucella species for both humans and livestock in Asia. We used data from multilocus sequence typing (MLST), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing analysis of Brucella strains. We also analyzed the MLVA genotypes of 129 B. abortus isolates and 242 B. melitensis isolates with known origins in Asia from an online MLVA database using MLVA-11 data in minimum spanning trees and MLVA-16 data in neighbor-joining trees. We found that the B. melitensis East Mediterranean lineage is predominant across the continent, with only a small number of samples from the Africa and Americas lineages, and none from the West Mediterranean lineage. The "abortus C" genotype was the most common group of B. abortus in Asia, with limited genetic variation for this species. Several studies also reported that Near Eastern countries frequently encounter human brucellosis cases of B. abortus from genotypes 42 and 43. Our study highlights the inconsistent collection of genetic data for Brucella species across Asia and a need for more extensive sampling in most countries. Finally, a consistent nomenclature is necessary to define various groupings of strains within a lineage (i.e., clade) so uniform terminology should denote particular genetic groups that are understood by all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan.
| | - Areeba Mushtaq
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Brucellosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Yanmaz B, Özgen EK, Sayı O, Erdoğan Y, Aslan MH, İba Yılmaz S, Karadeniz Pütür E, Polat N, Özmen M, Şerifoğlu Bağatır P, Ildız S. Phylogenetic Analysis of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Humans Using 16S rRNA Sequencing and Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis-16. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:416-423. [PMID: 38608219 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is the most important public health problem worldwide, and the annual incidence of the disease in humans is 2.1 million. The Brucella genome is highly conserved, with over 90% similarity among species. The aim of this study was to perform species-level identification of Brucella spp. strains isolated from humans diagnosed with brucellosis and to further investigate the phylogenetic relationships using multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA)-16 and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Materials and Methods: Brucella spp. was isolated from the blood cultures of 54 patients who tested positive for brucellosis through serological examinations. Real-time PCR was used to identify the isolates in species, and the genus level of Brucella was confirmed with 16S rRNA. All isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using variable number of tandem repeat analysis with multiple loci. Results: Subsequent analysis via real-time PCR confirmed these isolates to be of the Brucella melitensis species. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 100% homogeneity among the isolates. MLVA revealed the formation of five different genotypic groups. While two groups were formed based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, five groups were formed in the MLVA. Conclusions: The study concluded that 16S rRNA sequence analysis alone did not provide sufficient discrimination for phylogenetic analysis but served as a supportive method for identification. MLVA exhibited higher phylogenetic power. The widespread isolation of B. melitensis from human brucellosis cases highlights the importance of controlling brucellosis in small ruminants to prevent human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Yanmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Ediz Kağan Özgen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Orbay Sayı
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Erdoğan
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Hülya Aslan
- Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sibel İba Yılmaz
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Elif Karadeniz Pütür
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Nebahat Polat
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Murat Özmen
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Şerifoğlu Bağatır
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Ildız
- Graduate School of Health Sciences of Ankara University and General Directorate of Food and Control, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Rahimi H, Tukmechi A, Rashidian E. Genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis isolates from sheep and goat milk in Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:649-657. [PMID: 38174090 PMCID: PMC10759773 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1988859.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. To investigate this, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats' milk were studied using random fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) methods developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). The RFLP analysis revealed that all 64 isolates were of biovar one. The MLVA-typing showed that one sample was simultaneously infected with two strains of B. melitensis and the genotype of 65 isolate was analyzed. Four genotypes (47, 42, 43, and 63) were identified using MLVA-8 (panel 1), whereas six genotypes (138, 125, 116, 108, and two unknown genotypes) were identified using MLVA11 (panels 1 and 2A). From the review of MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B), panel 2B showed a very high discriminatory power. Two loci of Bruc04 and Bruc30 from this panel had diversity index values higher than 0.71 and the average diversity index was 0.619. So MLVA-16Orsay 34 showed the genotype indicating a low genetic homogeneity among the isolates. The findings of MLVA genotyping of the isolates suggest that strains of B. melitensis isolated from the milk of small ruminants in Iran are most closely related to the isolates from neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate the potential use of MLVA genotyping for simultaneous detection of specimen contamination using two different B. melitensis biovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Rashidian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Adabi M, Alamian S, Varasteh-Shams M, Ghaderi H, Shahbazi F, Gharekhani J. Molecular Investigation of Brucella Species Belongs to Sheep and Goats in Seropositive Samples from an Endemic Area of Hamedan Province; Famenin Brucellosis Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1349-1357. [PMID: 38226385 PMCID: PMC10787933 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.4.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease in western regions of Iran, especially in Hamedan province. Following the Famenin brucellosis cohort study, the main aim of the current study was the molecular detection of Brucella species (spp.) in sheep and goats from Famenin, Hamedan, Iran. A total of 23 Brucella-seropositive samples (sheep=21 and goats=2), which had been screened from 1,660 animals in the Famenin cohort study, were used to detect Brucella-DNA using the BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. In total, 20 of 23 samples were positive for Brucella infection by using specific primers. Additionally, Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) and Brucella abortus (B. abortus) were confirmed in 90% (n=18) and 10% (n=2) of positive samples, respectively. There was no sample with the co-infection of B. abortus and B. melitensis. In this study, B. abortus was isolated from one of the goat samples. This is the first report on Brucella spp. in animals in the region. It was found that B. melitensis is the dominant spp. responsible for brucellosis in animals from Famenin. Molecular techniques are reliable tools to detect Brucella infection, especially in cases without serology findings and conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adabi
- Infectious Diseases Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S Alamian
- Department of Brucellosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M Varasteh-Shams
- Infectious Diseases Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - H Ghaderi
- Hamadan Veterinary Council (NGO), Hamadan, Iran
| | - F Shahbazi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - J Gharekhani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Iranian Veterinary Organization (IVO), Hamedan, Iran
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Dadar M, Brangsch H, Alamian S, Neubauer H, Wareth G. Whole-genome sequencing for genetic diversity analysis of Iranian Brucella spp. isolated from humans and livestock. One Health 2023; 16:100483. [PMID: 36632477 PMCID: PMC9827381 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses in the Middle East. It is causing economic losses to the livestock industry and has a great public health concern. Little is known about the genetic diversity and distribution of brucellae in Iran. Therefore, forty Brucella spp. strains (B. abortus and B. melitensis) isolated from animals and humans were analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Brucella isolates were obtained from lymph nodes (cows and camels), milk (cows, camels and sheep), and aborted foetus samples (sheep and goats), as well as cerebrospinal fluid and blood of humans. The isolates were originating from thirteen provinces of Iran and isolated between 2015 and 2020. According to in-silico MLST, ST8 and ST2 were the most frequent sequence types in B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. Based on phylogeographic reconstruction using cgSNP analysis, the investigated Iranian B. melitensis strains belonged to the American and Mediterranean lineages of the B. melitensis phylogeny. Furthermore, cgSNP analysis revealed a similarity between Iranian B. abortus isolates and strains from Iraq and Egypt. Therefore, the origin of the Iranian strains can be suggested to be strains from neighboring and Middle East countries. Moreover, cgMLST analysis showed that the Iranian B. melitensis strains were closely relative to strains recovered from sheep and humans in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Turkmenistan, and Pakistan. In the current panel of strains, cgMLST and cgSNP analysis provided an appropriate and accurate tool for effective traceback analyses for Brucella spp. from Iran. The results of cgSNP and cgMLST helped to understand the geographic distribution and interspecies transmission of Iranian strains and highlight the importance of specific brucellosis control measures in Iran with regard to the One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanka Brangsch
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Saeed Alamian
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Özmen M, Özgen EK, Sayı O, Karadeniz Pütür E, Okumuş B, İba Yılmaz S, Aslan MH, Ulucan M, Yanmaz B, Şeri Foğlu Bağatir P, Turut N, Karahan Ş, Eroğlu B, Gülseren YÖ, Küçükayan U, Nuhay Ç, Eski I Zmi Rli Ler S, Saka E, Soysal Sarişahi N A, Deni Z İ, Bi Rben N, Karakuş K, Şen E, Sayteki N AM, Akar K. Genotyping of Brucella isolates from animals and humans by Multiple-Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 96:101981. [PMID: 37043846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates country-wide genotype variations through the genotyping of Brucella strains isolated from domestic ruminants and humans. The Brucella spp. isolated from samples taken from animals and humans were first identified as B. abortus and B. melitensis by real-time PCR, and the MLVA-16 approach was then used for the genotyping of the identified isolates. For the study, 416 Brucella spp. were isolated from aborted fetus samples examined between 2018 and 2021, and 74 Brucella spp. from infected humans. Of the 74 human isolates analyzed, 1.3% were identified as B. abortus and 98.7% (73/74) as B. melitensis. The MLVA-16 typing method revealed 30 clonal groups for B. abortus and 37 clonal groups for B. melitensis from which the dominant genotypes and similarities with human isolates in Türkiye were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Özmen
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ediz Kağan Özgen
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Orbay Sayı
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Elif Karadeniz Pütür
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Biray Okumuş
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sibel İba Yılmaz
- Depertmant of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Hülya Aslan
- Depertmant of Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Ulucan
- İskilip District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Çorum, Türkiye
| | - Berna Yanmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Şeri Foğlu Bağatir
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Nevin Turut
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Şifa Karahan
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Buket Eroğlu
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yıldız Öz Gülseren
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Küçükayan
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Çağatay Nuhay
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Seza Eski I Zmi Rli Ler
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Erdem Saka
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Asuman Soysal Sarişahi N
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Konya, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Deni Z
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Nurgül Bi Rben
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Kerem Karakuş
- Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Esra Şen
- Department of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis, Animal Health Quarantine Department Head, General Dırectorate of Food And Control, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Murat Sayteki N
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Kadir Akar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye
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