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Rabbee MF, Ali MS, Islam MN, Rahman MM, Hasan MM, Baek KH. Endophyte mediated biocontrol mechanisms of phytopathogens in agriculture. Res Microbiol 2024:104229. [PMID: 38992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The global human population is growing and demand for food is increasing. Global agriculture faces numerous challenges, including excessive application of synthetic pesticides, emergence of herbicide-and pesticide-resistant pathogenic microbes, and more frequent natural disasters associated with global warming. Searches for valuable endophytes have increased, with the aim of making agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Endophytic microbes are known to have a variety of beneficial effects on plants. They can effectively transfer nutrients from the soil into plants, promote plant growth and development, increase disease resistance, increase stress tolerance, prevent herbivore feeding, reduce the virulence of pathogens, and inhibit the growth of rival plant species. Endophytic microbes can considerably minimize the need for agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, and herbicides in the cultivation of crop plants. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of endophytes focusing on their mechanisms of disease control against phytopathogens through the secretion of antimicrobial substances and volatile organic compounds, and the induction of systemic resistance in plants. Additionally, the beneficial roles of these endophytes and their metabolites in the control of postharvest diseases in plants have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fazle Rabbee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | - Md Sarafat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Soil Resource Development Institute, Regional Office, Rajshahai, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Mohidul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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Luo X, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu B, Xie L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Jin X. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Bruguiera Genus and Its Endophytes: A Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38667775 PMCID: PMC11050931 DOI: 10.3390/md22040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Bruguiera, a member of the Rhizophoraceae family, is predominantly found in coastal areas as a mangrove plant, boasting a rich and diverse community of endophytes. This review systematically compiled approximately 496 compounds derived from both the Bruguiera genus and its associated endophytes, including 152 terpenoids, 17 steroids, 16 sulfides, 44 alkaloids and peptides, 66 quinones, 68 polyketides, 19 flavonoids, 38 phenylpropanoids, 54 aromatic compounds, and 22 other compounds. Among these, 201 compounds exhibited a spectrum of activities, including cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, insecticidal and mosquito repellent, and enzyme inhibitory properties, etc. These findings provided promising lead compounds for drug discovery. Certain similar or identical compounds were found to be simultaneously present in both Bruguiera plants and their endophytes, and the phenomenon of their interaction relationship was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongming Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.C.); (L.Z.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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de Menezes Souza J, de Menezes Fonseca D, Pinheiro de Souza J, Cordeiro do Nascimento L, Mendes Hughes F, Pereira Bezerra JD, Góes-Neto A, Ferreira-Silva A. Cactus Endophytic Fungi and Bioprospecting for their Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules: A Systematic Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301413. [PMID: 37934008 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are associated with plant health and represent a remarkable source of potential of enzymes and bioactive compounds, but the diversity of endophytes remains uncertain and poorly explored, especially in Cactaceae, one of the most species-rich families adapted to growing in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the diversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from Cactaceae. We analysed peer-reviewed articles from seven databases using PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that the Cactaceae family is a source of new taxa, but the diversity of endophytic fungi of Cactaceae is little explored, mainly the diversity among tissues and by metagenomics. Bioprospecting studies have shown that these microorganisms can be used in the production of enzymes and larvicidal and antifungal compounds. Our results are relevant as a starting point for researchers to develop studies that expand the knowledge of plant mycobiota in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as comprising a remarkable source of fungal compounds with several biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson de Menezes Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana City, 44036-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Jaciara Pinheiro de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju City, 41100-000, Sergipe State, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas and Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus City, 45662-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
- Departament of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia City, 74605-050, Goiás State, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte City, 31270-901, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Alice Ferreira-Silva
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
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Rajtar NN, Kielsmeier-Cook JC, Held BW, Toapanta-Alban CE, Ordonez ME, Barnes CW, Blanchette RA. Diverse Xylaria in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their mode of wood degradation. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37878199 PMCID: PMC10600087 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylaria is a diverse and ecologically important genus in the Ascomycota. This paper describes the xylariaceous fungi present in an Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest and investigates the decay potential of selected Xylaria species. Fungi were collected at Yasuní National Park, Ecuador during two collection trips to a single hectare plot divided into a 10-m by 10-m grid, providing 121 collection points. All Xylaria fruiting bodies found within a 1.2-m radius of each grid point were collected. Dried fruiting bodies were used for culturing and the internal transcribed spacer region was sequenced to identify Xylaria samples to species level. Agar microcosms were used to assess the decay potential of three selected species, two unknown species referred to as Xylaria 1 and Xylaria 2 and Xylaria curta, on four different types of wood from trees growing in Ecuador including balsa (Ochroma pyramidale), melina (Gmelina arborea), saman (Samanea saman), and moral (Chlorophora tinctoria). ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were used to test for differences in biomass lost between wood blocks inoculated with Xylaria and uninoculated control blocks. Scanning electron micrographs of transverse sections of each wood and assay fungus were used to assess the type of degradation present. RESULTS 210 Xylaria collections were sequenced, with 106 collections belonging to 60 taxa that were unknown species, all with less than 97% match to NCBI reference sequences. Xylaria with sequence matches of 97% or greater included X. aff. comosa (28 isolates), X. cuneata (9 isolates) X. curta and X. oligotoma (7 isolates), and X. apiculta (6 isolates)., All Xylaria species tested were able to cause type 1 or type 2 soft rot degradation in the four wood types and significant biomass loss was observed compared to the uninoculated controls. Balsa and melina woods had the greatest amount of biomass loss, with as much as 60% and 25% lost, respectively, compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS Xylaria species were found in extraordinary abundance in the Ecuadorian rainforest studied. Our study demonstrated that the Xylaria species tested can cause a soft rot type of wood decay and with the significant amount of biomass loss that occurred within a short incubation time, it indicates these fungi likely play a significant role in nutrient cycling in the Amazonian rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas N Rajtar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin W Held
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Maria E Ordonez
- QCAM Fungarium, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 92521, USA
| | - Charles W Barnes
- Forest Health Protection-Region 5, USDA Forest Service, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Robert A Blanchette
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Ricaño-Rodríguez J, Ricaño-Rodríguez C, Luis-Yong D, Guzmán-López O. [First evidence of nitrilase enzymatic activity of Xylaria sp. and its relationship with the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:214-225. [PMID: 37024343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi inhabit plant tissues internally and asymptomatically, and many of them are involved in the synthesis of bioactive metabolites of antifungal and therapeutic nature, as well as other compounds of biotechnological importance including indole derivatives, among many others. Ecologically, they provide some benefits to plants including protection against phytopathogens and promotion of root growth. In this sense, Xylaria sp. is a cellulose-decomposing fungus with biotechnological potential. It is worth mentioning that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) also plays an extremely important role in plant-micro-organism interactions, as it is essential for physiology and proper plant morphological development. It is known that nitrile-hydrolytic enzymes (nitrilases) are involved in the synthesis of plant indole compounds; however, relatively little information is available concerning the nature of these enzymes in the fungal kingdom. In view of the above, through a biochemical and molecular-genetic approach, it has been demonstrated for the first time that Xylaria sp. carries out nitrile-hydrolytic enzyme activity using nitrogen and carbon-rich compounds as substrate. The studied strain increased its relative gene expression levels and showed mycelial growth, both in the presence of chemical compounds such as cyanobenzene and KCN. Thus, the results of this work suggest that the micro-organism is capable of degrading complex nitrogenous molecules. On the other hand, through fungal biofertilization, it was observed that Xylaria sp. promotes the development of the root system of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, in addition to synthesizing IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ricaño-Rodríguez
- Centro de EcoAlfabetización y Diálogo de Saberes, Universidad Veracruzana, Campus USBI, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Celeste Ricaño-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Daniela Luis-Yong
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Oswaldo Guzmán-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, México
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Dang QN, Burgess TI, McComb J, Pham TQ, Le BV, Tran TV, Nguyen LT, Hardy GESJ. Fungal and bacterial endophytes antagonistic to Phytophthora species causing root rot in Cinnamomum cassia. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEndophytes were investigated for their potential to protect Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) from Phytophthora root rot. From healthy cinnamon trees in diseased plantations, 134 bacterial and fungal endophytes were isolated and screened in vitro for their ability to antagonise the root rot pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. multibullata and P. × vanyenensis. Seventeen endophytes exhibiting high levels of antagonism in vitro (more than 45%) were then tested in a glasshouse study for their ability to reduce the impact of Phytophthora infection in cinnamon seedlings. Trials using cinnamon seeds or seedlings inoculated with an endophyte and then infested with Phytophthora identified three endophytes expressing high levels of disease suppression (based on root damage reduction) and plant growth promotion. These were Penicillium citrinum, Xylaria curta and Clonostachys rosea. These endophytes can potentially be used in the biological control of root rot in cinnamon, but this must be explored further under field conditions.
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Sharma A, Kaushik N, Sharma A, Marzouk T, Djébali N. Exploring the potential of endophytes and their metabolites for bio-control activity. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:277. [PMID: 36275362 PMCID: PMC9470801 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, extensive use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture is creating notable problems such as disease and pest resistance, residues, yield loss, and soil unproductiveness. These harmful chemicals are eventually reaching our food plate through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in a crop. As a result, beneficial microorganisms are regularly being explored as a safer option in the agriculture sector for their ability to produce valuable bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly for crop protection. Such natural (bio) products are harmless to plants, humans, and the environment. In our quest for the search of the sources of bioactive constituents from the microorganisms, endophytes are the front-runner. They mutually reside inside the plant providing support against phytopathogens by releasing an array of bioactive secondary metabolites building climate reliance of the host plant. The purpose of this review is to examine the biocontrol potential of endophytes against bacterial and fungal pathogens in sustainable agriculture. We also attempt to explain the structure and activity of the secondary metabolites produced by bacterial and fungal endophytes in conjunction with their biocontrol function. Additionally, we address potential future research directions for endophytes as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313 India
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Takwa Marzouk
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Naceur Djébali
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Gupta P, Verma A, Rai N, Singh AK, Singh SK, Kumar B, Kumar R, Gautam V. Mass Spectrometry-Based Technology and Workflows for Studying the Chemistry of Fungal Endophyte Derived Bioactive Compounds. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2068-2086. [PMID: 34724607 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds have gained substantial attention in research and have conferred great advancements in the industrial and pharmacological fields. Highly diverse fungi and their metabolome serve as a big platform to be explored for their diverse bioactive compounds. Omics tools coupled with bioinformatics, statistical, and well-developed algorithm tools have elucidated immense knowledge about fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. Further, these compounds are subjected to chromatography-gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC), spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and "soft ionization" technique-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based analytical techniques for structural characterization. The mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach, being highly sensitive, reproducible, and reliable, produces quick and high-profile identification. Coupling these techniques with MS has resulted in a descriptive account of the identification and quantification of fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. This paper emphasizes the workflows of the above-mentioned techniques, their advancement, and future directions to study the unraveled area of chemistry of fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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10
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Wethalawe AN, Alwis YV, Udukala DN, Paranagama PA. Antimicrobial Compounds Isolated from Endolichenic Fungi: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133901. [PMID: 34202392 PMCID: PMC8271976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism, which is algae or cyanobacteria. Endolichenic fungi are a group of microfungi that resides asymptomatically within the thalli of lichens. Endolichenic fungi can be recognized as luxuriant metabolic artists that produce propitious bioactive secondary metabolites. More than any other time, there is a worldwide search for new antibiotics due to the alarming increase in microbial resistance against the currently available therapeutics. Even though a few antimicrobial compounds have been isolated from endolichenic fungi, most of them have moderate activities, implying the need for further structural optimizations. Recognizing this timely need and the significance of endolichenic fungi as a promising source of antimicrobial compounds, the activity, sources and the structures of 31 antibacterial compounds, 58 antifungal compounds, two antiviral compounds and one antiplasmodial (antimalarial) compound are summarized in this review. In addition, an overview of the common scaffolds and structural features leading to the corresponding antimicrobial properties is provided as an aid for future studies. The current challenges and major drawbacks of research related to endolichenic fungi and the remedies for them have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nethma Wethalawe
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Y. Vindula Alwis
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Dinusha N. Udukala
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Priyani A. Paranagama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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Xu K, Li XQ, Zhao DL, Zhang P. Antifungal Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes: Chemical Diversity and Potential Use in the Development of Biopesticides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689527. [PMID: 34234763 PMCID: PMC8255633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi can lead to huge losses in the agricultural fields and therefore remain a continuous threat to the global food security. Chemical-based fungicides contributed significantly in securing crop production. However, indiscriminate application of fungicides has led to increased chemical resistance and potential risks to human health and environment. Thus, there is an urgent need for searching for new bioactive natural products and developing them into new biopesticides. Fungal endophytes, microorganisms that reside in the fresh tissues of living plants, are regarded as untapped sources of novel natural products for exploitation in agriculture and/or medicine. Chemical examination of endophytic fungi has yielded enormous antifungal natural products with potential use in the development of biopesticides. This review summarizes a total of 132 antifungal metabolites isolated from fungal endophytes in the past two decades. The emphasis is on the unique chemical diversity of these metabolic products, together with their relevant antifungal properties. Moreover, some "star molecules," such as griseofulvin and trichothecene, as well as their synthetic derivatives that possess high potential as candidates of new natural fungicides, are also presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Lin Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Watchaputi K, Somboon P, Phromma-in N, Ratanakhanokchai K, Soontorngun N. Actin cytoskeletal inhibitor 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q sensitizes yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and secondarily through disruption of lipid homeostasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7779. [PMID: 33833332 PMCID: PMC8032726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive uses of antifungals result in a worldwide crisis of drug resistance; therefore, natural fungicides with minimal side-effects are currently sought after. This study aimed to investigate antifungal property of 19, 20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ), derived from medicinal mushroom Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 of tropical forests. In a model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ECQ is more toxic in the erg6∆ strain, which has previously been shown to allow higher uptake of many hydrophilic toxins. We selected one pathway to study the effects of ECQ at very high levels on transcription: the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, which is unlikely to be the primary target of ECQ. Ergosterol serves many functions that cholesterol does in human cells. ECQ's transcriptional effects were correlated with altered sterol and triacylglycerol levels. In the ECQ-treated Δerg6 strain, which presumably takes up far more ECQ than the wild-type strain, there was cell rupture. Increased actin aggregation and lipid droplets assembly were also found in the erg6∆ mutant. Thereby, ECQ is suggested to sensitize yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and consequently but not primarily led to disruption of lipid homeostasis. Investigation of cytochalasins may provide valuable insight with potential biopharmaceutical applications in treatments of fungal infection, cancer or metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanrutai Watchaputi
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Pichayada Somboon
- grid.419784.70000 0001 0816 7508Division of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520 Thailand
| | - Nipatthra Phromma-in
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
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Nagam V, Aluru R, Shoaib M, Dong GR, Li Z, Pallaval VB, Ni JF. Diversity of fungal isolates from fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi and characterization of bioactive compound from Xylaria escharoidea. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:392-402. [PMID: 32394613 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their potential applications, as well as their structural diversity, the discovery of novel secondary metabolites from insect-associated fungi has been of interest to researchers in recent years. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the diversity of fungi associated with fungus-growing termites and bioprospecting these for potential secondary metabolites. In total, 18 fungal species were isolated and described from the gut and comb of Macrotermes barneyi based on 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis. Antimicrobial activity assays were carried out on all the known fungi, and nine isolates were recorded as active against pathogenic fungi. Xylaria escharoidea, the best performing isolate, was grown at laboratory scale and 4,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H) was isolated and characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration of this isolated compound against tested pathogenic organisms was found to be 6.25 μg. In addition, molecular docking studies have revealed that 4,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H) is a prominent antibacterial agent with a marked interaction with key residues on protein A (agrAC ) that regulates the accessory gene. The findings of this study support the drug discovery of antimicrobial properties in insect-associated fungi, which may lead to novel secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarulu Nagam
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial technology institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rammohan Aluru
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial technology institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Rui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial technology institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial technology institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Jin-Feng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial technology institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Biodiscovery of Potential Antibacterial Diagnostic Metabolites from the Endolichenic Fungus Xylaria venustula Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030191. [PMID: 33806264 PMCID: PMC8000601 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we determined the bioactivities and chemical natures of three species of lichen Usnea and their associated endolichenic fungi (ELF) through metabolomics. We found significant differences in the antibacterial activities and the metabolites produced by the host lichen and its ELF, with the latter targeting a wider scope of organisms. We also discovered potential key metabolites produced by ELF that are yet to be reported. This study shows the application of metabolomics in rapidly identifying bioactive metabolites that are of significance in the discovery of new drugs. Abstract Three species of the lichen Usnea (U. baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr., U. bismolliuscula Zahlbr. and U. pectinata Stirt.) and nine associated endolichenic fungi (ELF) were evaluated using a metabolomics approach. All investigated lichen crude extracts afforded antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.0625 mg/mL), but none was observed against Escherichia coli, while the ELF extract Xylaria venustula was found to be the most active against S. aureus (MIC: 2.5 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC: 5 mg/mL). X. venustula was fractionated and tested for to determine its antibacterial activity. Fractions XvFr1 to 5 displayed bioactivities against both test bacteria. Selected crude extracts and fractions were subjected to metabolomics analyses using high-resolution LC–MS. Multivariate analyses showed the presence of five secondary metabolites unique to bioactive fractions XvFr1 to 3, which were identified as responsible for the antibacterial activity of X. venustula. The p-values of these metabolites were at the margin of significance level, with methyl xylariate C (P_60) being the most significant. However, their high variable importance of projection (VIP) scores (>5) suggest these metabolites are potential diagnostic metabolites for X. venustula for “dual” bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The statistical models also showed the distinctiveness of metabolites produced by lichens and ELF, thus supporting our hypotheses of ELF functionality similar to plant endophytes.
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Discovery of a Novel Lineage Burkholderia cepacia ST 1870 Endophytically Isolated from Medicinal Polygala paniculata Which Shows Potent In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antimicrobial Effects. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6618559. [PMID: 33679984 PMCID: PMC7904367 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the isolation and identification of an endophytic strain of Burkholderia cepacia (COPS strain) associated with Polygala paniculata roots. Polygala plants are rich sources of promising microbiomes, of which the literature reports several pharmacological effects, such as trypanocidal, antinociceptive, anesthetic, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsant activities. B. cepacia COPS belongs to a new sequence type (ST 1870) and harbors a genome estimated in 8.3 Mbp which exhibits the aminoglycosides and beta-lactams resistance genes aph(3′)-IIa and blaTEM-116, respectively. Analysis performed using MLST, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization support its species-level identification and reveals its novel housekeeping genes alleles gyrB, lepA, and phaC. The root endophyte B. cepacia COPS drew our attention from a group of 14 bacterial isolates during the primary screening for being potentially active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and exhibited the broad-spectrum activity against phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, COPS strain showed production of protease, lipase, and esterase in solid media, and its natural product extract showed potent inhibition against fungal plant pathogens, such as Moniliophthora perniciosa, whose antagonism index (89.32%) exceeded the positive control (74.17%), whereas Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ceratocystis paradoxa showed high percentages of inhibition (85.53% and 82.69%, respectively). COPS crude extract also significantly inhibited S. epidermidis ATCC 35984, E. faecium ATCC 700221 (MIC values of 32 μg/mL for both), E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (64 μg/mL), and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (128 μg/mL). We observed moderate antagonistic activity against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and E. coli ATCC 25922 (both at 512 μg/mL), as well as potent cytotoxic effects on Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major promastigote forms with 78.25% and 57.30% inhibition. In conclusion, this study presents for the first time the isolation of an endophytic B. cepacia strain associated with P. paniculata and enough evidence that these plants may be considered a rich source of microbes for the fight against neglected diseases.
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Bioactive Attributes of Xylaria Species from the Scrub Jungles of Southwest India. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Ribeiro BA, da Mata TB, Canuto GAB, Silva EO. Chemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Brazilian Endophytic Fungi. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:33-54. [PMID: 33108493 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside vegetal tissues without causing any loss to the host plant. They display wide biosynthetic capacity when producing several bioactive secondary metabolites, whose induction could be related to activation of genes, which might be silent or expressed depending on the geographic characteristics from where the endophytic was isolated. The extraordinary richness of the Brazilian biodiversity has encouraged several research groups in the endophytic bioprospecting. This review covers natural products reported by studies on from the Brazilian endophytic fungi cultures and classified them into three chemical classes (terpenes, phenolic, and nitrogen-containing compounds). For discussion purposes, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as an unsupervised explorative method to evaluate the chemical variation in the Brazilian endophyte dataset. In addition, the dendrogram from the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) confirmed the PCA results, and HCA could identify some main endophytic clusters. Our analysis clarified how the secondary metabolites were distributed in the different Brazilian endophyte strains, and this information will be a reliable guide that will support researchers to design microbial culture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Thiara B da Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Eliane O Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Santos C, Santos da Silva BN, Amorim Ferreira e Ferreira AFT, Santos C, Lima N, da Silva Bentes JL. Fungal Endophytic Community Associated with Guarana ( Paullinia cupana Var. Sorbilis): Diversity Driver by Genotypes in the Centre of Origin. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E123. [PMID: 32751796 PMCID: PMC7558939 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Guarana plant is a native of the Amazon region. Due to its high amount of caffeine and tannins, the seed has medicinal and stimulating properties. The guarana industry has grown exponentially in recent years; however, little information is available about associated mycobiota, particularly endophytic fungi. The present study aimed to compare the distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves and seeds of anthracnose-resistant and susceptible guarana plants produced in Maués and Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. A total of 7514 endophytic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, Sabouraud and Czapek media, and grouped into 77 morphological groups. Overall, fungal communities in guarana leaves and seeds were mainly composed by Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera, but also by Chondrostereum, Clonostachys, Curvularia, Hypomontagnella, Lentinus, Neopestalotiopsis, Nigrospora, Peroneutypa, Phyllosticta, Simplicillium and Tinctoporellus. Obtained results indicate that some members of Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera may have experienced dysbiosis during the guarana domestication process, suggesting that some individuals may behave as latent pathogens. The susceptible guarana genotype cultivated in Manaus presented higher fungal diversity. The relative abundance of taxa and diversity among samples suggests that communities are structured by genotype and geographic location. This is the first report of mycobiota in both guarana leaves and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Blenda Naara Santos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Agronomy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus-AM 69067-005, Brazil; (B.N.S.d.S.); (A.F.T.A.F.eF.); (J.L.d.S.B.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | | | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Agronomy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus-AM 69067-005, Brazil; (B.N.S.d.S.); (A.F.T.A.F.eF.); (J.L.d.S.B.)
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19
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Iseolides A–C, antifungal macrolides from a coral-derived actinomycete of the genus Streptomyces. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:534-541. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tanapichatsakul C, Pansanit A, Monggoot S, Brooks S, Prachya S, Kittakoop P, Panuwet P, Pripdeevech P. Antifungal activity of 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol isolated from the endophytic fungus Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 17-0313 against the plant pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii on tomatoes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9103. [PMID: 32411538 PMCID: PMC7204883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of the medicinal plant Polyscias fruticosa, and their antagonistic activities against the growth of the common tomatoes plant pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii were initially screened using a dual culture assay. The endophytic fungus MFLUCC 17-0313, which was later molecularly identified as Diatrype palmicola, displayed the highest inhibition percentage (49.98%) in comparison to the others. This fungus was then chosen for further evaluation. Its culture broth and mycelia from a 10 L scale were separated and extracted using ethyl acetate, methanol, and hexane. Each extract was tested for antifungal activity against the same pathogen using a disc diffusion assay. Only the crude hexane extract of fungal mycelium showed antifungal activity. The hexane extract was fractioned using sephadex gel filtration chromatography and each fraction was tested for antifungal activity until the one with the highest inhibition percentage was obtained. The bioactive compound was identified as 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibition concentration of 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol was demonstrated at 250 µg/mL against the selected pathogen. Using the leaf assay, the solution of 8-methoxynapthalen-1-ol was tested for phytotoxic activity against A. rolfsii and was found to have no phytotoxic effects. These results showed that 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol has the potential for controlling the growth of A. rolfsii, the cause of Southern blight disease on tomatoes. This study may provide the foundation for future use of this compound as a biofungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sakon Monggoot
- Institute of Beauty and Health Sciences Co.,Ltd. (IBHS/BKK), Sakdibhornssup Bldg., Makkasan, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Brooks
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Patcharee Pripdeevech
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Fungal endophytes: A potent biocontrol agent and a bioactive metabolites reservoir. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Savi DC, Noriler SA, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Rohr J, Glienke C, Shaaban KA. Dihydroisocoumarins produced by Diaporthe cf. heveae LGMF1631 inhibiting citrus pathogens. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:381-392. [PMID: 31401763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS) and post-bloom fruit drop (PFD), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa and Colletotrichum abscissum, respectively, are two important citrus diseases worldwide. CBS depreciates the market value and prevents exportation of citrus fruits to Europe. PFD under favorable climatic conditions can cause the abscission of flowers, thereby reducing citrus production by 80%. An ecofriendly alternative to control plant diseases is the use of endophytic microorganisms, or secondary metabolites produced by them. Strain LGMF1631, close related to Diaporthe cf. heveae 1, was isolated from the medicinal plant Stryphnodendron adstringens and showed significant antimicrobial activity, in a previous study. In view of the potential presented by strain LGMF1631, and the absence of chemical data for secondary metabolites produced by D. cf. heveae, we decided to characterize the compounds produced by strain LGMF1631. Based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB phylogenetic analysis, strain LGMF1631 was confirmed to belong to D. cf. heveae 1. Chemical assessment of the fungal strain LGMF1631 revealed one new seco-dihydroisocoumarin [cladosporin B (1)] along with six other related, already known dihydroisocoumarin derivatives and one monoterpene [(-)-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,3-triol (8)]. Among the isolated metabolites, compound 5 drastically reduced the growth of both phytopathogens in vitro and completely inhibited the development of CBS and PFD in citrus fruits and flowers. In addition, compound 5 did not show toxicity against human cancer cell lines or citrus leaves, at concentrations higher than used for the inhibition of the phytopathogens, suggesting the potential use of (-)-(3R,4R)-cis-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (5) to control citrus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sandriele Aparecida Noriler
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Walsh JP, Renaud JB, Hoogstra S, McMullin DR, Ibrahim A, Visagie CM, Tanney JB, Yeung KKC, Sumarah MW. Diagnostic fragmentation filtering for the discovery of new chaetoglobosins and cytochalasins. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:133-139. [PMID: 30325552 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microbial natural products are often biosynthesized as classes of structurally related compounds that have similar tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Mining MS/MS datasets for precursor ions that share diagnostic or common features enables entire chemical classes to be identified, including novel derivatives that have previously been unreported. Analytical data analysis tools that can facilitate a class-targeted approach to rapidly dereplicate known compounds and identify structural variants within complex matrices would be useful for the discovery of new natural products. METHODS A diagnostic fragmentation filtering (DFF) module was developed for MZmine to enable the efficient screening of MS/MS datasets for class-specific product ions(s) and/or neutral loss(es). This approach was applied to series of the structurally related chaetoglobosin and cytochalasin classes of compounds. These were identified from the culture filtrates of three fungal genera: Chaetomium globosum, a putative new species of Penicillium (called here P. cf. discolor: closely related to P. discolor), and Xylaria sp. Extracts were subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis under positive electrospray ionization and operating in a data-dependent acquisition mode, performed using a Thermo Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. All MS/MS datasets were processed using the DFF module and screened for diagnostic product ions at m/z 130.0648 and 185.0704 for chaetoglobosins, and m/z 120.0808 and 146.0598 for cytochalasins. RESULTS Extracts of C. globosum and P. cf. discolor strains revealed different mixtures of chaetoglobosins, whereas the Xylaria sp. produced only cytochalasins; none of the strains studied produced both classes of compounds. The dominant chaetoglobosins produced by both C. globosum and P. cf. discolor were chaetoglobosins A, C, and F. Tetrahydrochaetoglobosin A was identified from P. cf. discolor extracts and is reported here for the first time as a natural product. The major cytochalasins produced by the Xylaria sp. were cytochalasin D and epoxy cytochalasin D. A larger unknown "cytochalasin-like" molecule with the molecular formula C38 H47 NO10 was detected from Xylaria sp. culture filtrate extracts and is a current target for isolation and structural characterization. CONCLUSIONS DFF is an effective LC/MS data analysis approach for rapidly identifying entire classes of compounds from complex mixtures. DFF has proved useful in the identification of new natural products and allowing for their partial characterization without the need for isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Walsh
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Shawn Hoogstra
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cobus M Visagie
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood 0121, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joey B Tanney
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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