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Dwi Fatmawati NN, Aviana F, Maharianto R, Ngurah Rsi Suwardana G, Adi Tarini NM, Nengah Sujaya I. Antibiotyping, RAPD- and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates at a tertiary reference hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:306-313. [PMID: 39005601 PMCID: PMC11245350 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i3.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Klebsiella pneumoniae is a healthcare-associated infections agent and could be an extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer. Understanding the transmission of this bacterium in a hospital setting needs accurate typing methods. An antibiogram is used to detect the resistance pattern of the isolates. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR are rapid, technically simple, and easy-to-interpret DNA typing methods. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antibiotyping, RAPD-, and ERIC-PCR to investigate the heterogeneity of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. Materials and Methods The antibiograms of 46 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were determined by Vitek® 2 Compact. All isolates underwent RAPD-PCR using AP4 primer and ERIC-PCR using ERIC-2 primer. The dendrogram was generated using the GelJ software and analyzed to determine its similarity. The analysis of antibiogram and the molecular typing diversity index was calculated using the formula of the Simpson's diversity index. Results About 71.7% of the isolates were ESBL-producers, and more than 80% of isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, and meropenem. The antibiotyping produced 32 diverse types with DI = 0.964. In addition, the RAPD-PCR produced 47 different types with DI = 1, while ERIC-PCR was 46 (DI=0.999). Conclusion Antibiotyping, RAPD- and ERIC-PCR showed powerful discrimination power among the isolates, supported the diversity of K. pneumoniae isolates in current study. These combination could be promising tools for clonal relationship determination, including in tracking the transmission of the outbreak's agent in hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Felicia Aviana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Maharianto
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ni Made Adi Tarini
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Nengah Sujaya
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
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Anwer R. Molecular epidemiology and molecular typing methods of Acinetobacter baumannii: An updated review. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:458-467. [PMID: 38734425 PMCID: PMC11147555 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.5.20230886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to go through the molecular methods used for typing of carbapenem-resistant Acientobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates for investigating the molecular epidemiology all over the world. Multiple typing techniques are required to understand the source and nature of outbreaks caused by Acientobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and acquired resistance to antimicrobials. Nowadays, there is gradual shift from traditional typing methods to modern molecular methods to study molecular epidemiology and infection control. Molecular typing of A. baumannii strains has been revolutionized significantly in the last 2 decades. A few sequencing-based techniques have been proven as a breakthrough and opened new prospects, which have not been achieved by the traditional methods. In this review, discussed different pre-existing and recently used typing methods to explore the molecular epidemiology of A. baumannii pertaining in context with human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razique Anwer
- From the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Qiu Z, Kang Y, Xu C, Ma W, Li G, Jia W, Wang P. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from neonatal intensive care units in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, China, 2017-2021. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00510-0. [PMID: 38512525 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates from neonatal intensive care units (NICU) between 2017 and 2021. METHODS The antibacterial susceptibility of all strains was assessed using the VITEK 2 compact system. The presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, sequence types (STs), capsular (K) types, and the wzi genes was determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the restriction enzyme XbaI. Additionally, the virulence potential of peg344-positive strains was evaluated using the string test and mouse intraperitoneal infection models. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on the DNB system and PacBio platforms. RESULTS A total of 46 CRKP isolates were collected during the study period. Out of these, 93.47% (43/46) were identified as CRKP strains belonging to the ST76-K10 type carrying blaNDM-5. It was observed that CRKP infection resulted in more severe clinical symptoms compared to CRKP colonization. Among the CRKP strains, a hypervirulent CRKP strain called KP-63, belonging to the ST23 type, was identified. This strain exhibited high mortality in the mouse infection model and was found to possess virulence genes. Genomic alignment analysis revealed a significant similarity between the virulence plasmid from KP-63 strain (pKP-63) and pK2044 from the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strain NTUH-2044. CONCLUSIONS There has been a potential dissemination of ST76-K10 type CRKP carrying blaNDM-5 in the NICU at Ningxia Hospital. Neonatal CRKP infection has been found to cause more severe clinical symptoms than colonization. Furthermore, we have discovered a CR-hvKP strain of ST23 with serotype K1, which exhibits a significant resemblance in its virulent plasmid to pK2044. Therefore, it is crucial to enforce effective measures to restrict the spread and hinder the evolution of CRKP within the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Qiu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuting Kang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Technology Building 602, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wanting Ma
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Gang Li
- Center of Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Technology Building 601, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Technology Building 602, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Center of Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Technology Building 601, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Pengtao Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Technology Building 602, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Katira BP, Prajapati BI, Singh RD, Patel SS, Solanki KM. Genetic characterization of virulence and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bovine milk. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2024; 15:57-64. [PMID: 38465323 PMCID: PMC10924294 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.2006974.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis associated Klebsiella pneumoniae species were isolated from bovine milk to characterize virulence genes (wabG and kfuBC) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA). A total number of 325 bovine milk samples (195 raw and 130 mastitic milk specimens) collected from Banaskantha, a milk-shed district of Gujarat, India, were included in the study. A total number of 27 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered, consisting of 17 (62.96%) isolates from raw milk and 10 (37.03%) isolates from mastitic milk samples, giving an overall prevalence of 8.31%. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns revealed that 20 out of 27 isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. Based on combination disc diffusion test and HiCrome ESBL agar method, 20 (74.07%) and 25 (92.59%) isolates were detected as ESBL producers, respectively. Among virulence genes studied, presence of wabG (25/27; 92.59%) was higher than kfuBC (5/27; 18.51%). Beta-lactamase genes viz., blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1 were detected in 23/27 (85.18%), 3/27 (11.11%) and 2/27 (7.40%) of isolates, respectively; while, none of the isolates was found to be positive for blaCTX-M-9 and blaOXA-1 genes. Outcome of the study provided an insight into virulence genes and ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolated from bovine milk samples in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavinkumar Pankajbhai Katira
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India;
| | - Bhaveshkumar Ishwarbhai Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India;
| | - Ratn Deep Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India;
| | - Sandipkumar Sureshbhai Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.
| | - Kirankumar Motiji Solanki
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India;
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Mario E, Hamza D, Abdel-Moein K. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae among diarrheic farm animals: A serious public health concern. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102077. [PMID: 37844369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is an emerging pathogen and it has more virulence factors than classical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Carbapenem-resistant hvKp (CR-hvKp) is a dangerous bacteria that has both high virulence and antibiotic resistance and poses a global public health problem worldwide. The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of hvKp as well as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and CR-hvKp among diarrheic farm animals. For this purpose, rectal swabs from 165 farm animals (45 cattle, 66 sheep, and 54 goats) were collected. Samples were processed for the isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, hvKp was detected using molecular techniques by amplification of biomarker virulence genes (rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, iroB, and peg-344), followed by a string test. On the other hand, all K. pneumoniae isolates were examined for carbapenem resistance by both phenotypic and molecular methods. The phylogenetic analysis of peg-344 sequences was carried out. The overall prevalence rates of K. pneumoniae, hvKp, CRKP, and CR-hvKp were 24.2%, 7.9%, 16.4%, and 6.1% respectively. HvKp and CR-hvKp were detected among all examined farm animal species. On a Molecular basis, all biomarker virulence genes were identified except iroB, but rmpA is the most prevalent one. The phylogenetic analysis of peg-344 sequences obtained from the study points out their genetic relatedness to those circulated among humans. In conclusion, the emergence of hvKp and CR-hvKp among diarrheic farm animals confers a great public health implication and thus, the possible animal reservoirs for such hypervirulent-antimicrobial resistant strains cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esiri Mario
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Mr. Saddam, Khan M, Jamal M, Rahman SU, Qadeer A, Khan I, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GES, Shah SH. Nutritional analysis and characterization of carbapenemase producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant genes associated with bovine mastitis infected cow's milk. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293477. [PMID: 37889925 PMCID: PMC10610456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to analyze nutritional parameters and to characterize carbapenemase producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bovine mastitic cow's milk. Out of 700 milk samples K. pneumoniae was identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques along with their antibiogram analysis and nutritional analysis was performed using the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was detected by phenotypic CarbaNP test followed by molecular characterization of their associated resistant genes blaVIM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, and blaIMP along with insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1) and integrons (Int1, Int2, and Int3) genes. Among nutritional parameters, fat content was observed (2.99%) followed by protein (2.78%), lactose (4.32%), and total solid (11.34%), respectively. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae among bovine mastitis was found 25.71%. Antibiogram analysis revealed that more effective antibiotics was ceftazidime (80%) followed by amikacin (72%), while highly resistant antibiotics was Fusidic acid (100%). Distribution of carbapenemase producer K. pneumoniae was found 44.4%. Among carbapenem resistant genes blaKPC was found 11.25%, blaVIM 2.75%, blaNDM 17.5%, and blaOXA-48 7.5%, while blaIMP gene was not detected. Furthermore, distribution of ISCR1 was found 40%, while integron 1 was found 61.2% followed by integron 2 (20%), and integron 3 (5%). In conclusion, the recent scenario of carbapenemase resistant K. pneumoniae isolates responsible for mastitis may affect not only the current treatment regime but also possess a serious threat to public health due to its food borne transmission and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mr. Saddam
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Marden, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Imad Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Syed Hussain Shah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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7
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Chen C, Tao Z, Li T, Chen H, Zhao Y, Sun X. Isolation and characterization of novel bacteriophage vB_KpP_HS106 for Klebsiella pneumonia K2 and applications in foods. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227147. [PMID: 37655345 PMCID: PMC10466807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in food is increasing, and it has emerged as a food pathogen. Global health is threatened due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent (hv) K. pneumoniae. Phages have a promising application as antibacterial agents and have the ability to lyse MDR strains. Hence, phage vB_KpP_HS106 against MDR-hv K. pneumoniae strains was isolated from sewage collected from a hospital. It can maintain stable activity at a pH range of 4-12 and a temperature range of 4°C to 50°C. The maximum adsorption rate of phage HS106 was found to be approximately 84.2% at 6 min. One-step growth curve analysis showed that the latent period of HS106 was 10 min and the burst size was approximately 183 PFU/cell. Furthermore, whole genome analysis indicated that the genome of phage HS106 was a double-stranded linear 76,430-bp long DNA molecule with 44% GC content. A total of 95 open reading frames were annotated in the HS106 genome, which did not contain any virulence genes or antibiotic resistance genes. Phage HS106 reduced MDR K. pneumoniae in milk by approximately 1.6 log10 CFU/mL at 25°C and in chicken by approximately 2 log10 CFU/cm3 at 25°C. Therefore, vB_KpP_HS106 is a promising alternative to antibiotics for biocontrol against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxiang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
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Kumar S, Anwer R, Azzi A. Molecular typing methods & resistance mechanisms of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:112-130. [PMID: 36891535 PMCID: PMC9988409 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have been recognized as a major public health concern. Here, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and its correlation with the mechanisms of resistance in CRKP isolates by compiling studies on the molecular epidemiology of CRKP strains worldwide. CRKP is increasing worldwide, with poorly characterized epidemiology in many parts of the world. Biofilm formation, high efflux pump gene expression, elevated rates of resistance, and the presence of different virulence factors in various clones of K. pneumoniae strains are important health concerns in clinical settings. A wide range of techniques has been implemented to study the global epidemiology of CRKP, such as conjugation assays, 16S-23S rDNA, string tests, capsular genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, whole-genome sequencing-based surveys, sequence-based PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. There is an urgent need to conduct global epidemiological studies on multidrug-resistant infections of K. pneumoniae across all healthcare institutions worldwide to develop infection prevention and control strategies. In this review, we discuss different typing methods and resistance mechanisms to explore the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae pertaining to human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Razique Anwer
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arezki Azzi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang F, Meng Y, Xu L, Tian Y, Lu H, Xie J, Ma R, Li M, Li B. KbvR mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae affects the synthesis of type 1 fimbriae and provides protection to mice as a live attenuated vaccine. Vet Res 2022; 53:97. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe infections in humans and animals, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains highlights the need to develop effective vaccines for preventing such infections. Live attenuated vaccines are attractive vaccine candidates available in the veterinary field. We recently characterized that the K. pneumoniae kbvR (Klebsiella biofilm and virulence regulator) mutant was a highly attenuated strain in the mice model. In the present study, the characterization, safety, and protective efficacy of ΔkbvR strain as a live attenuated vaccine were evaluated. The synthesis and activity of type 1 fimbriae were increased in the ΔkbvR strain. All mice inoculated by the subcutaneous route with 105, 106, and 107 colony-forming units (CFU) doses of the ΔkbvR strain survived. Subcutaneous immunization with two doses of 105 or 107 CFU ΔkbvR elicited a robust humoral immune response, and provided protection against the following K. pneumoniae intraperitoneal infection. The antisera of mice immunized with 105 CFU dose improved the opsonophagocytic ability and complement-mediated lysis not only to the same serotype strain but also to the different serotype strain. The passive transfer of antisera from 105 CFU dose-immunized mice provided protection against K. pneumoniae infection. Overall, our results suggest the great potential of the ΔkbvR strain as a novel vaccine candidate against K. pneumoniae infections in herds or humans.
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The Characteristics of Multilocus Sequence Typing, Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Cattle in Northern Jiangsu, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192627. [PMID: 36230368 PMCID: PMC9558562 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) induced bovine mastitis has been becoming one of the dominantly pathogenic bacteria in cases of bovine mastitis, and is threatening public health through dairy products. In order to explore the characteristics of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence gene carrying, and the relationship between virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae from dairy cattle in northern Jiangsu, 208 dairy milk samples were collected from four dairy farms in northern Jiangsu. A total of 68 isolates were obtained through bacterial isolation, purification, and 16S rDNA identification. Eleven virulence genes were detected by specific PCR. The susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobials was analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the presence of virulence genes and the phenotype of drug resistance. ST 2661 was the most prevalent type of K. pneumoniae (13/68, 19.1%) among the 23 ST types identified from the 68 isolates. The virulence gene allS was not detected, but the positive detection rates of the virulence genes fimH, ureA, uge and wabG were 100.0%. Notably, the detection rates of genes rmpA and wcaG, related to the capsular polysaccharide, were 4.4% and 11.8%, respectively, which were lower than those of genes related to siderophores (kfuBC, ybtA and iucB at 50.0%, 23.5%, and 52.9%, respectively). The K. pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem. However, the resistance rate to penicillin was the highest (58/68, 85.3%), along with resistance to amoxicillin (16/68, 23.5%). The results revealed the distribution of 23 ST types of K. pneumoniae from the milk from bovine-mastitis-infected dairy cows in northern Jiangsu, and the expression or absence of the virulence gene kfuBC was related to the sensitivity to antibiotics. The current study provides important information relating to the distribution and characteristics of K. pneumoniae isolated from dairy cows with clinical bovine mastitis, and is indicative of strategies for improving the treatment of K. pneumoniae-induced bovine mastitis.
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Latorre AA, Oliva R, Pugin J, Estay A, Nualart F, Salazar K, Garrido N, Muñoz MA. Biofilms in hoses utilized to divert colostrum and milk on dairy farms: A report exploring their potential role in herd health, milk quality, and public health. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:969455. [PMID: 36090175 PMCID: PMC9458949 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.969455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in milking equipment on dairy farms have been associated with failures in cleaning and sanitizing protocols. These biofilms on milking equipment can be a source of contamination for bulk tank milk and a concern for animal and public health, as biofilms can become on-farm reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria that cause disease in cows and humans. This report describes a cross-sectional study on 3 dairy farms, where hoses used to divert waste milk, transition milk, and colostrum were analyzed by culture methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to assess the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella spp. In addition, the presence of biofilms was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal spectral microscopy. Biofilms composed of multispecies microbial communities were observed on the surfaces of all milk hoses. In two dairy farms, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from the milk hose samples collected. Cleaning and sanitation protocols of all surfaces in contact with milk or colostrum are crucial. Hoses used to collect waste milk, colostrum, and transition milk can be a source of biofilms and hence pathogenic bacteria. Waste milk used to feed calves can constitute a biosecurity issue and a source of pathogens, therefore an increased exposure and threat for the whole herd health and, potentially, for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra A. Latorre
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alejandra A. Latorre
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Julio Pugin
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Estay
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Célular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Célular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natacha Garrido
- Hospital Dr. Víctor Ríos, Servicio de Salud Bío Bío, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Marcos A. Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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12
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Wu X, Liu J, Feng J, Shabbir MAB, Feng Y, Guo R, Zhou M, Hou S, Wang G, Hao H, Cheng G, Wang Y. Epidemiology, Environmental Risks, Virulence, and Resistance Determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae From Dairy Cows in Hubei, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858799. [PMID: 35602033 PMCID: PMC9117759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans and animals. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of K. pneumoniae, a total of 887 samples were collected from both the healthy and mastitis cows and the bedding, feed, feces, air, drinking water, spraying water, washing water, and milk cup swabs from five dairy farms in Hubei, China, during 2019 and 2020. K. pneumoniae was isolated and identified using PCR of the khe and 16S rDNA sequencing. A genotypic characterization was performed for K. pneumoniae isolates using wzi typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial resistances were confirmed using broth microdilution against 17 antimicrobial agents and resistance and virulence genes were determined by PCR. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 26.94% (239/887) distributed in 101 wzi allele types (199/239, 83.26%) and 100 sequence types (STs) (209/239, 87.45%), including 5 new wzi allele type and 25 new STs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. pneumoniae isolated from milk, nipple swab, feed, and feces is classified in the same clone complex. By comparing with the PubMLST database, at least 67 STs have the risk of spreading in different species and regions. Interestingly, 60 STs have been isolated from humans. The isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem and colistin, but resistant to ampicillin (100%), sulfisoxazole (94.56%), cephalothin (47.28%), streptomycin (30.13%), and so on. Noteworthy, multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was found to be 43.93% in this study. By PCR, 30 of 68 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified; the prevalence rate of blaTEM, blaSHV, strA, strB, aadA1, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was more than 50%. Eleven CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae were found. The detection rate of fimH, mrkD, uge, wabG, entB, iutA, iroN, and ureA was over 85%. This study reinforces the epidemiological importance of K. pneumoniae in food-producing animals in Hubei. The emergence and spread of environmental MDR K. pneumoniae may pose a potential threat to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yali Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sulin Hou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Hubei Livestock and Poultry Breeding Centre, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sundaresan AK, Vincent K, Mohan GBM, Ramakrishnan J. Association of Sequence types, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Indian isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Comparative Genomics Study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:431-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Torabi LR, Naghavi NS, Doudi M, Monajemi R. Efficacious antibacterial potency of novel bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn wound infections. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:678-690. [PMID: 34900166 PMCID: PMC8629815 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i5.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and mortality in burn patients. One of the alternative strategies for controlling ESBL bacterial infections is clinical trials of bacteriophage therapy. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize specific bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with burn ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical samples were isolated from the hospitalized patient in burn medical centers, Iran. Biochemical screenings and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined. The phages were isolated from municipal sewerage treatment plants, Isfahan, Iran. TEM and FESEM, adsorption velocity, growth curve, host range, and the viability of the phage particles as well as proteomics and enzyme digestion patterns were examined. RESULTS The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae Iaufa_lad2 (GenBank accession number: MW836954) was confirmed as an ESBL-producing strain using combined disk method. This bacterium showed significant sensitivity to three phages including PɸBw-Kp1, PɸBw-Kp2, and PɸBw-Kp3. Morphological characterization demonstrated that the phage PɸBw-Kp3 to the Siphoviridae family (lambda-like phages) and both phages PɸBw-Kp1 and ɸBw-Kp2 to the Podoviridae family (T1-like phages). The isolated bacteriophages had a large burst size, thermal and pH viability and efficient adsorption rate to the host cells. CONCLUSION In present study, the efficacy of bacteriophages against ESBL pathogenic bacterium promises a remarkable achievement for phage therapy. It seems that, these isolated bacteriophages, in the form of phage cocktails, had a strong antibacterial impacts and a broad-spectrum strategy against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monir Doudi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Luo Z, Geng S, Lu B, Han G, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Cao S, Yao X. Isolation, Genomic Analysis, and Preliminary Application of a Bovine Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:622049. [PMID: 34540928 PMCID: PMC8446446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.622049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen that can infect both humans and cattle. The widespread K. pneumoniae and its high drug resistance make it difficult to treat Klebsiella infections/diseases. In this study, a lytic K. pneumoniae bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01 was isolated from a dairy farm trough in Sichuan Province, and its biological properties were studied, and the entire genome of vB_Kpn_B01 was sequenced. The therapeutic effects of the phage on disease-causing mice were preliminarily tested. Phages found in this study are double-stranded DNA bacterial viruses belonging to the family Siphoviridae, Sugarlandvirus. The results suggest that vB_Kpn_B01 has strong specificity and low adaptability to different adverse conditions. Meanwhile, the predicted gene products of phage vB_Kpn_B01 comprised 149 coding sequences (CDS) and 25 tRNAs, of which 34 CDS had known functions. Of course, vB_Kpn_B01 did not contain any known antibiotic-resistant or virulent genes. The pathological sections of the liver and lungs of mice showed that the inflammatory scores of the treatment group were lower than in the bacterial group. Phage vB_Kpn_B01 alleviated the inflammatory response in the organs of the infected mice, and the organ tissue bacterial load of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the bacterial group. Therefore, vB_Kpn_B01 can inhibit the proliferation of K. pneumoniae 18 in vivo and can alleviate the inflammation of target organs caused by infectious bacteria, which preliminarily indicates that vB_Kpn_B01 has a certain therapeutic effect on laboratory-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangjingchao Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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16
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Arbab S, Ullah H, Wei X, Wang W, Ahmad SU, Zhang J. Drug resistance and susceptibility testing of Gram negative bacterial isolates from healthy cattle with different β - Lactam resistance Phenotypes from Shandong province China. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247061. [PMID: 34468524 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of common antibiotics against different microorganisms in apparently healthy cattle in Shandong province and its suburb. A total of 220 nasal swab samples were collected and cultured for bacteriological evaluation. All the bacteria isolates after preliminary identification were subjected to antibiogram studies following disc diffusion method. It was found in the study that E. coli is the most commonly associated isolate (21%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp (12%), and Proteus spp (11%). While the antibiogram studies reveled that highest number of bacterial isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (95%), followed by Augmentin (91%), Cefuroxime (85%) and Tetracycline (95%) of (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp). In the case of pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella the highest resistance was showed by Ampicillin (90%) followed by Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (80%), Cefixime (90%), and Erythromycin (80%). In Shigella spp and Salmonella spp highest resistance was showed by Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Augmentin (60%), and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (50%). It is concluded that in vitro antibiogram studies of bacterial isolates revealed higher resistance for Ampicillin, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid. The high multiple Antibiotics resistance indexes (MARI) observed in all the isolates in this study ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. MARI value of >0.2 is suggests multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and indicate presence of highly resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arbab
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - H Ullah
- Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Department of Nursing, Chengdu, China
| | - X Wei
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - W Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - S U Ahmad
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Silva-Sanchez J, Barrios-Camacho H, Hernández-Rodriguez E, Duran-Bedolla J, Sanchez-Perez A, Martínez-Chavarría LC, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R, Garza-Ramos U. Molecular characterization of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated from bovine mastitis. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1029-1036. [PMID: 33580865 PMCID: PMC8105462 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland of dairy cattle, is the most prevalent disease causing economically important losses, reduced milk production, early culling, veterinary expenses, and higher death rates. Bovine mastitis infections are the main cause for the use of antibiotics; however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the poor or nil response to antibiotics has become a critical global health problem. The goal of this study was the characterization of bacterial infections associated with clinical bovine mastitis. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant and were negative for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases. However, all isolates were identified as carbapenemase-producing organisms by the Carba NP test. The carbapenemase identified was the product of the KPC-2 gene. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and contained virulence genes for fimbriae, lipopolysaccharides, nitrogen starvation genes, and siderophores. Sixty-nine percent of the KPC-2-producing isolates had the same plasmid profile, although the genetic mobilization of resistance by bacterial conjugation was unsuccessful. The carbapenemase corresponded to the plasmid-borne KPC-2 gene identified by Southern blot hybridization. The assay showed a positive signal in the 90 kb (69% of the isolates), 165 kb (31% of the isolates), and 130 kb (6% of the isolates) plasmids. The IncFIIy and IncFIIk replicons were detected among these K. pneumoniae isolates. The PFGE and MLST analysis showed that all of the isolates are comprised by two clones (A and B) belonging to Sequence Type 258. This is the first report of K. pneumoniae producing carbapenemase KPC-2 isolated from bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Silva-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Humberto Barrios-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Emmanuel Hernández-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Josefina Duran-Bedolla
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luary C Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México, Dr. Federico Gómez, Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, 14080. Tlalpan, Cd de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán. C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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18
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Grünzweil OM, Palmer L, Cabal A, Szostak MP, Ruppitsch W, Kornschober C, Korus M, Misic D, Bernreiter-Hofer T, Korath ADJ, Feßler AT, Allerberger F, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Müller E, Braun SD, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Walzer C, Smodlaka H, Loncaric I. Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115905. [PMID: 34072783 PMCID: PMC8199236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Grünzweil
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Lauren Palmer
- Marine Mammal Care Center, Los Angeles, CA 90731, USA;
| | - Adriana Cabal
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Michael P. Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Christian Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maciej Korus
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna D. J. Korath
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York City, NY 10460, USA
| | - Hrvoje Smodlaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA;
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-125-077-2115
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19
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Komatsu T, Yoshida E, Shigenaga A, Yasuie N, Uchiyama S, Takamura Y, Sugie K, Kimura K, Haritani M, Shibahara T. Fatal suppurative meningoencephalitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in two calves. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1113-1119. [PMID: 34024871 PMCID: PMC8349807 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One calf died (No. 1) and another was euthanized following astasia (No. 2). Histopathological examination revealed suppurative meningoencephalitis in these
calves. Klebsiella pneumoniae antigens were detected in lesions. Thymocytes were decreased in the thymus cortex in both cases. 16S rRNA gene
sequencing of the No. 1 isolate and bacterial extracts from formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of No. 2 revealed that both samples were K.
pneumoniae. The No. 1 isolate showed multidrug resistance against penicillin antibiotics, fosfomycin, streptomycin, macrolide antibiotics,
tetracycline antibiotics, and clindamycin. Immunosuppression is a significant septicemic K. pneumoniae infection risk factor. Our study
provides new aspects regarding K. pneumoniae infections in cattle, bacterial meningoencephalitis differentiation, and K.
pneumoniae and bacterial meningoencephalitis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Komatsu
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Erina Yoshida
- Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowaracho, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shigenaga
- Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowaracho, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yasuie
- Hinode Animal Clinic, 4-1 Owaki, Heijimacho, Yatomi, Aichi 498-0031, Japan
| | - Shintaro Uchiyama
- Aichi Prefectural Tobu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 51-1 Konami, Nishimiyukicho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8113, Japan
| | - Yuji Takamura
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Sugie
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizono, Miaicho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0805, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kimura
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Makoto Haritani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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20
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Elmonir W, Abd El-Aziz NK, Tartor YH, Moustafa SM, Abo Remela EM, Eissa R, Saad HA, Tawab AA. Emergence of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Egypt. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050373. [PMID: 33926062 PMCID: PMC8146310 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Carbapenems and colistin are reserved as the last-resort treatments of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections in humans. Consequently, the emergence of carbapenem and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in poultry, contact workers and hospitalized patients is of grave concern for therapeutic options, and no data are available supporting this assumption on a regional or countrywide scale. We investigated the frequency and typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBLK and CPK) in hospitalized patients, chickens from 10 poultry farms and their environment (water, food and litter) and farm workers in Egypt. All isolates from patients (13/90, 14.4%), workers (5/22, 22.7%), chickens (9/100, 9%) and the environment (10/60, 16.7%) harbored a single or multiple β-lactamase genes, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1 and blaOXA-1, often in combination with carbapenemase genes (blaVIM, blaNDM-1 or blaIMP; 45.9%), the mcr-1 gene (18.9%) or both (13.5%). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR genotyping highlighted potential inter and intraspecies clonal dissemination in the study area. The increased frequency and genetic relatedness of ESBLK and CPK from chickens and humans pose a public health threat that urges more prudent use of antimicrobials in chicken farms to avoid the propagation and expansion of both ESBLK and CPK from the chicken sources to humans. Abstract This study investigated the frequency of carbapenem and colistin resistance in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBLK) isolates recovered from chickens and their environment, contact farm workers and hospitalized patients in Egypt. Further, the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between the community and hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates in the same geographical area were investigated. From 272 total samples, 37 (13.6%) K. pneumoniae isolates were identified, of which 20 (54.1%) were hypervirulent. All isolates (100%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices ranging from 0.19 to 0.94. Colistin-resistant isolates (18.9%) displayed colistin MIC values >2 μg/mL, all harbored the mcr-1 gene. All isolates from patients (13/90, 14.4%), workers (5/22, 22.7%), chickens (9/100, 9%) and the environment (10/60, 16.7%) harbored a single or multiple β-lactamase genes, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1 and blaOXA-1, often in combination with carbapenemase genes (blaVIM, blaNDM-1 or blaIMP; 45.9%), the mcr-1 gene (18.9%) or both (13.5%). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)–PCR genotyping revealed 24 distinct ERIC types (ETs) with a discrimination index of 0.961. Six ETs showed clusters of identical isolates from chicken and human sources. The increased frequency and genetic relatedness of ESBLK and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CPK) from chickens and humans pose a public health threat that urge more prudent use of antimicrobials in chicken farms to avoid the propagation and expansion of both ESBLK and CPK from the chicken sources to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Samar M Moustafa
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Etab M Abo Remela
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa Eissa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdel Tawab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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21
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Darniati D, Setiyaningsih S, Agungpriyono DR, Handharyani E. First evidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in Aceh cattle: Pathomorphology and antigenic distribution in the lungs. Vet World 2021; 14:1007-1013. [PMID: 34083953 PMCID: PMC8167520 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1007-1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen worldwide. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) was reported as the causative agent of bovine mastitis. This is the first study in Indonesia that has been conducted to determine the capsular serotype of K. pneumoniae, pulmonary gross pathology and histopathology, and distribution of hvKp in the lungs of Aceh cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence of K. pneumoniae in Aceh cattle was investigated in two slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Lung tissues with gross pathological lesions were collected from 15 cattle presenting with depression, dehydration, or cachexia. The confirmation and capsular serotyping of K. pneumoniae isolates were performed using polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry to observe the histopathological lesions and the distribution of the hvKp antigens. RESULTS The pneumonic lesions identified in the lungs of Aceh cattle included hyperemia, hemorrhage, consolidation, and atelectasis. K. pneumoniae was isolated in all 15 lung tissues with pathological pneumonic lesions. Two patterns of infection were observed histopathologically. Acute infection was characterized by hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia, bronchial and bronchiolar obstruction with purulent exudates, edema, and atelectasis. On the other hand, chronic infection was defined by macrophage infiltration, emphysema, bronchial dilatation, pleural fibrosis, and alveolar wall thickening by interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining using monospecific antisera induced by the hvKp isolate confirmed the presence of K. pneumoniae-specific antigens in the acute infection, predominantly in the bronchiolar, vascular, and alveolar areas. In contrast, generally diffuse infiltrates were found in the pleura and interstitial alveolar areas in chronic infection. CONCLUSION hvKp can be detected in the lungs of Aceh cattle, representing acute and chronic infections. The distribution of Klebsiella antigens in the lung tissue was consistent with the histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darniati Darniati
- Animal Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Surachmi Setiyaningsih
- Department of Animal Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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22
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Zhao W, Shi Y, Liu G, Yang J, Yi B, Liu Y, Kastelic JP, Han B, Gao J. Bacteriophage has beneficial effects in a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3474-3484. [PMID: 33358805 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is usually treated with antibiotics, thereby potentially increasing antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy of a bacteriophage, isolated from dairy farm wastewater, as a treatment for a murine model of K. pneumoniae mastitis. A lytic bacteriophage CM8-1 was isolated, morphological and biological characteristics were assessed with transmission electron microscopy and double-layer plate, and its genome was sequenced and analyzed. Furthermore, effectiveness of this bacteriophage for treatment of a murine model of K. pneumoniae mastitis was evaluated based on the following mammary gland characteristics: morphological changes; number of K. pneumoniae; and mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Bacteriophage CM8-1 had an incubation period of 30 min and a burst time of 20 min. Its viability and adsorption were stable at 30 to 50°C, but decreased significantly at >60°C, with no significant change in viability or infectivity at pH 6 to 10. In a murine model of K. pneumoniae mastitis, injecting bacteriophage CM8-1 into the mammary gland 2 h after inoculation with K. pneumoniae resulted in reductions in bacterial counts in the murine mammary gland, improvements in mammary gland tissue morphology, and reductions in mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Bacteriophage CM8-1 had stable biological characteristics and suppressed K. pneumoniae mastitis when injected into the mammary gland 2 h latera in mice bacterial inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
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23
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Furlan JPR, Savazzi EA, Stehling EG. Genomic insights into multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring metal resistance genes in aquatic environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110782. [PMID: 32497817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important pathogens related to hospital-acquired infections. The incidence of infections by hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), especially community-acquired infections, has been increasing in recent decades. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) hvKp has been increasingly reported worldwide decreasing the treatment options, which is a concern. Aquatic environments have been considered a reservoir of MDR pathogens, which contribute to the spread of MDR pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize MDR-hvKp strains obtained from public aquatic environments using whole genome sequencing in Brazil. Resistome analysis showed ARGs to β-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and fosfomycin as well as several metal resistance genes. Virulome analysis showed several virulence genes. Besides, genomic islands, CRISPR and prophage-related sequences were also detected. MLST analysis revealed the presence of two novel sequences types (STs) belonging to different clonal complexes (CCs) [ST4415 (CC515) and ST4416 (CC2654)], and one already described [ST661 (CC661)]. The presence of MDR-hvKp lineages in water sources belonging to STs and CCs associated with humans and animals shows the ability of these pathogens to spread to different aquatic environments. This study reports for the first time two novel STs of MDR-hvKp as well as the presence of a rare ST661 closely related to outbreaks in aquatic environments, and contributes to surveillance studies and MDR-hvKp monitoring worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Lenchenko E, Blumenkrants D, Sachivkina N, Shadrova N, Ibragimova A. Morphological and adhesive properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Vet World 2020; 13:197-200. [PMID: 32158172 PMCID: PMC7020135 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.197-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The study of biofilm-forming ability of Gram-negative microflora has great practical importance for assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and finding new ways to diagnose and inhibit the growth of biofilms. This is because poor penetration of antibacterial drugs into the biofilm can lead to the selection of resistant strains and has a consequence evident by the occurrence of relapse of infection in animals. This study aimed to evaluate morphological and densitometric indicators of biofilm formation as well as adhesive properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS K. pneumoniae was cultured at 37°C for 2-144 h in vitro. The specimens for optical microscopy were prepared by fixation with a 1:1 alcohol-ether mixture for 10 min and stained with a 0.5% solution of gentian violet for 2 min, and the optical density index was evaluated at a wavelength of 490 nm. Further, the adhesive properties of the microorganisms were determined at a concentration of 1 billion/ml and a suspension of ram erythrocytes at a concentration of 100 million/ml when cultured at 37°C for 24 h. Blood smears were prepared and stained with 0.5% gentian violet. RESULTS K. pneumonia cultured at 37°C after 24 h on the meat peptone agar formed large, convex, mucous, and white colonies (d=3.0-6.0 mm). With the growth in the meat and peptone broth, uniform turbidity of the medium was observed. Analyzing the optical density indices (density, D), it was found that K. pneumoniae were good producers of biofilms (D=0.528±0.31). Data for indicators of adhesive properties of K. pneumoniae were as follows: Average adhesion index, 4.56±0.14; adhesion coefficient, 1.07±0.52; and adhesion index, 4.26±0.07. The studied bacteria had high adhesive activity. A direct correlation dependence (R=0.94) of the optical density of biofilms (D≥0.514-0.551) and AAI (4.15±0.28-4.76±0.75) was established. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that K. pneumoniae had high adhesive activity, was strong producer of biofilms, and the optical density of the sample exceeded the optical density of the control by more than 4 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lenchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Blumenkrants
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Shadrova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfia Ibragimova
- Department of Foreign Languages, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Abstract
Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype that is more virulent than classical K. pneumoniae (cKp). hvKp usually infects individuals from the community, who are often healthy. Infections are more common in the Asian Pacific Rim but are occurring globally. hvKp infection frequently presents at multiple sites or subsequently metastatically spreads, often requiring source control. hvKp has an increased ability to cause central nervous system infection and endophthalmitis, which require rapid recognition and site-specific treatment. The genetic factors that confer hvKp's hypervirulent phenotype are present on a large virulence plasmid and perhaps integrative conjugal elements. Increased capsule production and aerobactin production are established hvKp-specific virulence factors. Similar to cKp, hvKp strains are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobials via acquisition of mobile elements carrying resistance determinants, and new hvKp strains emerge when extensively drug-resistant cKp strains acquire hvKp-specific virulence determinants, resulting in nosocomial infection. Presently, clinical laboratories are unable to differentiate cKp from hvKp, but recently, several biomarkers and quantitative siderophore production have been shown to accurately predict hvKp strains, which could lead to the development of a diagnostic test for use by clinical laboratories for optimal patient care and for use in epidemiologic surveillance and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Russo
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- The Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Candace M Marr
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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