Mandibular bone regeneration with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and coralline hydroxyapatite: experimental study in rats

Preclinical Evaluation of Bioactive Scaffolds for the Treatment of Mandibular Critical-Sized Bone Defects: A Systematic Review

This systematic review evaluated current in vivo research on regenerating critical-sized mandibular defects and discussed methodologies for mandibular bone tissue engineering. Out of the 3650 articles initially retrieved, 88 studies were included, and all studies that used a scaffold reported increased bone formation compared to negative controls. Combining scaffolds with growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells improved bone formation and healing. Bone morphogenic proteins were widely used and promoted significant bone formation compared to controls. However, discrepancies between studies exist due to the various methodologies and outcome measures used. The use of scaffolds with bioactive molecules and/or progenitor cells enhances success in mandibular bone engineering. Scaffold-based mandibular bone tissue engineering could be introduced into clinical practice due to its proven safety, convenience, and cost-effectiveness.

Effects on Tissue Integration of Collagen Scaffolds Used for Local Delivery of Gentamicin in a Rat Mandible Defect Model

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication following orthopedic surgery. SSIs may occur secondary to traumatic or contaminated wounds or may result from invasive procedures. The development of biofilms is often associated with implanted materials used to stabilize injuries and to facilitate healing. Regardless of the source, SSIs can be challenging to treat. This has led to the development of devices that act simultaneously as local antibiotic delivery vehicles and as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The goal for the aforementioned devices is to increase local drug concentration in order to enhance bactericidal activity while reducing the risk of systemic side effects and toxicity from the administered drug. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of antibiotic loading of a collagen matrix on the tissue integration of the matrix using a rat mandibular defect model. We hypothesized that the collagen matrix could load and elute gentamicin, that the collagen matrix would be cytocompatible in vitro, and that the local delivery of a high dose of gentamicin via loaded collagen matrix would negatively impact the tissue–scaffold interface. The results indicate that the collagen matrix could load and elute the antimicrobial gentamicin and that it was cytocompatible in vitro with or without the presence of gentamicin and found no significant impact on the tissue–scaffold interface when the device was loaded with a high dose of gentamicin.