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Phillips MC, Myers EB. Auditory Processing of Speech and Nonspeech in People Who Stutter. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:2533-2547. [PMID: 39058919 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated speech and nonspeech auditory processing of temporal and spectral cues in people who do and do not stutter. We also asked whether self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures. METHOD People who stutter (n = 23) and people who do not stutter (n = 28) completed a series of four auditory processing tasks online. These tasks consisted of speech and nonspeech stimuli differing in spectral or temporal cues. We then used independent-samples t-tests to assess differences in phonetic categorization slopes between groups and linear mixed-effects models to test differences in nonspeech auditory processing between stuttering and nonstuttering groups, and stuttering severity as a function of performance on all auditory processing tasks. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences between people who do and do not stutter in phonetic categorization of a continuum differing in a temporal cue and in discrimination of nonspeech stimuli differing in a spectral cue. A significant proportion of variance in self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that people who stutter process both speech and nonspeech auditory information differently than people who do not stutter and may point to subtle differences in auditory processing that could contribute to stuttering. We also note that these patterns could be the consequence of listening to one's own speech, rather than the cause of production differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Phillips
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Emily B Myers
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
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Pelaquim A, Sanfins MD, Fornazieri MA. Changes in Auditory Evoked Potentials Increase the Chances of Adults Having Central Auditory Processing Disorder. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 28:e134-e140. [PMID: 38322440 PMCID: PMC10843927 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Auditory evoked potentials are widely used in clinical practice to complement the assessment of central auditory processing. However, it is necessary to understand whether these potentials are highly accurate, to assist in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder. Objective To measure the accuracy of middle and long latency auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder in adults. Methods This is a case-control study, formed by a control group of 30 individuals with normal auditory processing assessment, and a case group composed of 43 individuals with altered auditory processing assessment. Their sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of alterations were measured and compared between the potentials. Results The accuracies of the middle and long latency potentials were 51% and 67%, respectively. The P1-N1-P2 and N2-P300 complexes had an accuracy of 57.5% and 58.9%, respectively. The cognitive potential P300 showed an accuracy of 55%. There was no significant result for the middle-latency potential (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6-5.4, p > 0.42) and for P300 (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.85-8.43, p > 0.11). However, the result was significant for the long-latency potential (OR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2-19.6, p < 0.01). There was a significant result for the P1-N1-P2 complexes (OR = 6.76, 95% CI:1.4-32.5, p = < 0.010) and N2-P300 (OR = 3.60; 95% CI: 10.16-11.20, p < 0.039). Conclusion Individuals with altered long-latency auditory evoked potential are more likely to have auditory processing disorder and, as such, this test can be used as a complementary tool to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Pelaquim
- Postgraduate Program (Doctorate) in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Milaine Dominici Sanfins
- Department of Clinical Audiology, Center for Advanced Electrophysiology and Neuroaudiology (CENA), Israeli Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marco Aurélio Fornazieri
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Londrina State University (UEL) and Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Elhakeem ES, Mustafa RMAM, Talaat MAM, Radwan AMA, Eldeeb M. The relation between long latency cortical auditory evoked potentials and stuttering severity in stuttering school-age children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 175:111766. [PMID: 37875046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in auditory processing and feedback have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of developmental stuttering. Long latency cortical auditory evoked potentials in response to non-linguistic and linguistic stimuli can be used to investigate these disturbances. There were differences between developmental stuttering patients. However, there is no solid evidence of these differences to date. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in component P1-N1-P2 of long latency cortical auditory evoked potentials between stuttering school-aged children and non-stuttering children. In addition, the study aims to investigate the relationship between these potentials and objective quantitative measures of stuttering. METHOD The study included two groups, patients and controls, consisting of 40 subjects aged 6-12 years. For the cases group, the severity of stuttering symptoms and P1-N1-P2 responses to a non-linguistic stimulus were evaluated. In addition, the P1-N1-P2 responses of the matched control group were evaluated. RESULTS The P1-N1 responses were similar in both study groups, while P2 response was shorter in the patient group, but the difference was not statistically significant compared to the control group. N1 latency has the only statistically significant correlation with the percentage of repetitions, prolongation, and blocks. The female cases had a decreased, not statistically significant, latency than the male cases group. CONCLUSION In contrast to the previous finding, the study revealed a non-statistically significant different P1-N1, a non-statistically significant reduced P2 response to a non-linguistic stimulus, in CWS, in as evidence for basic auditory processing. The study also revealed a significant correlation between N1 latency and proportion of the repetition symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Samy Elhakeem
- Unit of Phoniatrics Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed Aziz Mohamed Talaat
- Unit of Audio-vestibular Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | | | - Mirhan Eldeeb
- Unit of Audio-vestibular Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Lunardelo PP, Fukuda MTH, Stefanelli ACGF, Zanchetta S. Behavioral assessment of auditory processing in adulthood: population of interest and tests - a systematic review. Codas 2023; 35:e20220044. [PMID: 37132698 PMCID: PMC10162648 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022044pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the behavioral tests used to assess auditory processing throughout adulthood, focusing on the characteristics of the target population as an interest group. RESEARCH STRATEGIES PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scielo, databases were searched with descriptors: "auditory perception" or "auditory perception disorders" or "auditory processing" or "central auditory processing" or "auditory processing disorders" or "central auditory processing disorders" with adults OR aging. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies with humans included, the adult population from 18 to 64 years old, who performed at least one behavioral test to assess auditory processing in the absence of hearing loss. DATA ANALYSIS Data extraction was performed independently, using a protocol developed by the authors that included different topics, mainly the behavioral auditory tests performed and the results found. RESULTS Of the 867 records identified, 24 contained the information needed to answer the survey questions. CONCLUSION Almost all studies were conducted verify performance in one or two auditory processing tests. The target target population was heterogeneous, with the most frequent persons with diabetes, stuttering, auditory processing disorder, and noise exposure. There is little information regarding benchmarks for testing in the respective age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Papile Lunardelo
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Marisa Tomoe Hebihara Fukuda
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Sthella Zanchetta
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
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Fiorin M, Marconato E, Palharini TA, Picoloto LA, Frizzo ACF, Cardoso ACV, Oliveira CMCD. Impact of auditory feedback alterations in individuals with stuttering. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 87:247-254. [PMID: 31648949 PMCID: PMC9422389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrophysiological evidence has reinforced the hypothesis that stuttering is associated with a deficit in modulation of the cortical auditory system during speech planning, contributing to an inefficient auditory feedback monitoring and, consequently, resulting in disfluencies. OBJECTIVE To verify the impact of auditory feedback modifications on the spontaneous speech of individuals with stuttering. METHODS Sixteen individuals, of both genders, aged 8-17 years and 11 months, with a diagnosis of persistent neurodevelopmental stuttering, were divided into two groups: Moderate Stuttering Group and Severe Stuttering Group. The testing procedures consisted of three stages: collection of identification data, audiological assessment and fluency evaluation of spontaneous speech in four auditory feedback conditions (non-altered, delayed, masked and amplified). The speech sample obtained in the non-altered feedback was considered the control; the others were considered as modified listening conditions. RESULTS Regarding the stuttering-like disfluencies, a statistically significant difference was observed in the intragroup analysis of the Moderate Stuttering Group between non-altered and masked auditory feedback (p = 0.042), as well as between non-altered and amplified (p = 0.042). There was a statistically significant difference in the Severe Stuttering Group for all auditory feedback modifications in relation to the non-altered (delayed p = 0.012, masked p = 0.025 and amplified p = 0.042). There was also a reduction in flows of syllables and words-per-minute in the Moderate Stuttering Group for the delayed auditory feedback, as compared to non-altered (p = 0.017 and p = 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION The effect of delayed auditory feedback was favorable for the Severe Stuttering Group, promoting speech fluency. The conditions of masked and amplified auditory feedback resulted in speech benefits in both groups, decreasing the number of stuttering-like disfluencies. The speech rate was not impaired by any listening condition analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiorin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Marconato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Talissa Almeida Palharini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Altran Picoloto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Figueiredo Frizzo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vieira Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira TNM, Rodrigues LRP, Correia DV, Andrade SMMDS, Alves GADS, Rosa MRDD. Temporal processing skills in people who stutter. REVISTA CEFAC 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/202123313620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the auditory skills of temporal resolution and ordering in people who stutter. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative research between study and control groups conducted at a speech-language-hearing teaching clinic of an academic institution, comprising people who stutter (who attended a public outreach program) and volunteers without communicative disorders, for 13 months. The procedures used were auditory perception anamnesis, acoustic immittance, and pure-tone and speech audiometry to discharge hearing changes. The participants who met the eligibility criteria had their resolution and ordering skills assessed with the Gaps-in-Noise, Random Gap Detection, Pitch Pattern Sequence, and Duration Pattern Sequence tests and the data obtained were entered into a spreadsheet for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results: the study group presented changes in temporal resolution and ordering. A statistically significant difference was also verified comparing the assessment findings of the study and control groups, in all the assessment tests. Conclusion: temporal resolution and ordering changes were observed in the people presented with stuttering, regardless of sex or chronological age.
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Jerônimo GM, Scherer APR, Sleifer P. Long-latency auditory evoked potential in children with stuttering. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eAO5225. [PMID: 32578676 PMCID: PMC7279890 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the latency and the amplitude values of Mismatch Negativity and P300 cognitive potential in children with stuttering, with no auditory complaints, with auditory thresholds within the normality range, comparing them to the findings of a Control Group. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 50 children of both sexes, 15 with stuttering and 35 without stuttering, aged 6 to 11 years, with no diagnosis of ear pathology or other diseases. All children were submitted to peripheral audiological evaluation (meatoscopy, pure tone testing, speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures) and a central audiological evaluation (investigation of the Mismatch Negativity and P300 cognitive potential). For the evaluation of fluency, all children with stuttering had a specific history taken and were video recorded in a spontaneous speech. Afterwards, the transcription was done, followed by speech analysis to classify children according the severity of stuttering. Results There was a significant difference in the latencies of Mismatch Negativity and P300 cognitive potential, as well as in the amplitude of Mismatch Negativity. Conclusion There was a significant delay in the latencies of Mismatch Negativity and P300 cognitive potential, as well as increase in the amplitude of the Mismatch Negativity in children with stuttering when compared to children in the Control Group. Changes in the morphology of the waves were found in the Stuttering Group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pricila Sleifer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lotfi Y, Dastgerdi ZH, Farazi M, Moossavi A, Bakhshi E. Auditory temporal processing assessment in children with developmental stuttering. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 132:109935. [PMID: 32058157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stuttering is a developmental disorder of speech production with a dynamic and multifactorial nature. Scientific theories mentioned the role of auditory processing disorder in stuttering. Investigating the auditory processing in stuttering would provide insights into the mechanisms of stuttering. The details of basic auditory processing in children with stuttering (CWS) continue to remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the auditory temporal processing (ATP) in CWS and also its relationship with the stuttering severity. METHODS The participants of this comparative cross-sectional study were 54 CWS and 63 children without stuttering (CWOS). All children were between 7 and 12 years old. ATP ability of the participants was measured using the Backward Masking (BM), Duration Pattern (DP), and Gap in Noise (GIN) tests. Then, the groups were compared in terms of ATP results. The correlation between the scores of these tests and stuttering severity was assessed. RESULTS According to the results, CWS showed poorer performance on DP, BM and GIN tests when compared with CWOS. Moreover, the stuttering severity had a significant negative correlation with the DP scores and percentage of correct identification scores in GIN; whereas it had a significant positive correlation with the BM thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that some CWS have ATP disorder, which could exacerbate their stuttering. These findings highlighted the role of ATP disorder in stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yones Lotfi
- Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini Dastgerdi
- Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Farazi
- Department of Speech Language Pathology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Moossavi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Bakhshi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alencar PBAD, Lucas PDA, De Bortoli E, Bernert LM, Rodrigues LP, Branco-Barreiro FCA. Acoustically controlled auditory training in children with speech disfluency: a case report. REVISTA CEFAC 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20202265420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the acoustically controlled auditory training on the speech fluency of children diagnosed with developmental stuttering. Two patients were submitted to speech fluency evaluation, basic audiological assessment, and central auditory processing assessment, before and after the intervention with the digital platform. Two male individuals (P1 and P2) participated in the research. They were respectively 8 and 9 years old, both were right-handed, native Brazilian Portuguese speakers, diagnosed with developmental stuttering, P1 presenting a moderate, and P2, a mild-to-moderate degree. There was an improvement in some auditory skills. However, there was no improvement in the speech fluency pattern in neither of the cases studied.
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Devaraju DS, Kumar UA, Maruthy S. Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Auditory n-Back Task in Adults With and Without Stuttering. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:471-482. [PMID: 31461331 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-ind50-18-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adults with stuttering (AWS) exhibit compromised phonological working memory abilities, poor central auditory processing, and impaired auditory processing especially during overt speech production tasks. However, these tasks are sensitive to language disturbances already found in them. Thus, in this study, monosyllables were used ruling out the language effects, and auditory working memory ability was evaluated in AWS using the n-back task. In specific, the auditory sensory input of the working memory mechanism was evaluated. Method Thirty-two participants, 16 each of AWS and adults with no stuttering (AWNS), performed behavioral auditory 1-back and 2-back tasks. The long latency responses were also recorded during no-back and 2-back conditions from 64 electrode sites. Results Results revealed no significant differences between the groups in any of the behavioral parameters such as reaction time, accuracy, false alarm rate, or d'. N1 amplitude modulation was noted in AWNS, which was absent in AWS. The segmentation analysis showed a left hemisphere-oriented topographical distribution in the N2 region in AWS irrespective of conditions, whereas the scalp topography was right hemisphere-oriented with the involvement of parietal channels in AWNS. The timing differences existed between AWS and AWNS in the intervals that a topographical distribution lasted in all throughout the time window of analysis. Conclusion The results suggest altered neural pathway and hemispheric differences during auditory working memory tasks in AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhatri S Devaraju
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
| | - U Ajith Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
| | - Santosh Maruthy
- Department of Speech Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
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Ferreira L, Souza AEHD, Simoni SND, Bertuol B, Gubiani MB, Keske-Soares M, Biaggio EPV. Cognitive Auditory Evoked Potential in children with speech sound disorders: analysis of different verbal stimuli. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20192152719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Etchell AC, Civier O, Ballard KJ, Sowman PF. A systematic literature review of neuroimaging research on developmental stuttering between 1995 and 2016. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 55:6-45. [PMID: 28778745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stuttering is a disorder that affects millions of people all over the world. Over the past two decades, there has been a great deal of interest in investigating the neural basis of the disorder. This systematic literature review is intended to provide a comprehensive summary of the neuroimaging literature on developmental stuttering. It is a resource for researchers to quickly and easily identify relevant studies for their areas of interest and enable them to determine the most appropriate methodology to utilize in their work. The review also highlights gaps in the literature in terms of methodology and areas of research. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review on neuroimaging studies on developmental stuttering according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for articles in the pubmed database containing "stuttering" OR "stammering" AND either "MRI", "PET", "EEG", "MEG", "TMS"or "brain" that were published between 1995/01/01 and 2016/01/01. RESULTS The search returned a total of 359 items with an additional 26 identified from a manual search. Of these, there were a total of 111 full text articles that met criteria for inclusion in the systematic literature review. We also discuss neuroimaging studies on developmental stuttering published throughout 2016. The discussion of the results is organized first by methodology and second by population (i.e., adults or children) and includes tables that contain all items returned by the search. CONCLUSIONS There are widespread abnormalities in the structural architecture and functional organization of the brains of adults and children who stutter. These are evident not only in speech tasks, but also non-speech tasks. Future research should make greater use of functional neuroimaging and noninvasive brain stimulation, and employ structural methodologies that have greater sensitivity. Newly planned studies should also investigate sex differences, focus on augmenting treatment, examine moments of dysfluency and longitudinally or cross-sectionally investigate developmental trajectories in stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Etchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, MI, United States; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Oren Civier
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kirrie J Ballard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Furini J, Picoloto LA, Marconato E, Bohnen AJ, Cardoso ACV, Oliveira CMCD. The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults. REVISTA CEFAC 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-021620171954417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare the frequency of disfluencies and speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading in adults with and without stuttering in non-altered and delayed auditory feedback (NAF, DAF). Methods: participants were 30 adults: 15 with Stuttering (Research Group - RG), and 15 without stuttering (Control Group - CG). The procedures were: audiological assessment and speech fluency evaluation in two listening conditions, normal and delayed auditory feedback (100 milliseconds delayed by Fono Tools software). Results: the DAF caused a significant improvement in the fluency of spontaneous speech in RG when compared to speech under NAF. The effect of DAF was different in CG, because it increased the common disfluencies and the total of disfluencies in spontaneous speech and reading, besides showing an increase in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies in reading. The intergroup analysis showed significant differences in the two speech tasks for the two listening conditions in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies and in the total of disfluencies, and in the flows of syllable and word-per-minute in the NAF. Conclusion: the results demonstrated that delayed auditory feedback promoted fluency in spontaneous speech of adults who stutter, without interfering in the speech rate. In non-stuttering adults an increase occurred in the number of common disfluencies and total of disfluencies as well as reduction of speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading.
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